西藏日喀则地区不同品种全株玉米青贮的营养价值评定
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摘要
本试验旨在通过对西藏日喀则地区不同品种全株玉米青贮的营养价值评定,为西藏地区青贮玉米品种的选择提供参考。试验选取5个常见的玉米品种(鲁单258、鲁单267、中玉335、荣玉1609、荣玉1610)种植于西藏,蜡熟期收割制作裹包青贮,发酵120天后评定其营养成分、能量价值和发酵品质。结果表明:不同品种玉米青贮的营养成分含量和能量价值存在显著差异,荣玉1610的粗蛋白和总可消化养分含量最高,荣玉1609的淀粉含量和泌乳净能最高;在发酵品质方面,荣玉1609青贮的pH值最低,而乳酸含量、发酵系数和费氏评分显著高于其他品种玉米青贮。通过隶属函数分析,5个品种全株玉米青贮的综合营养价值由高到低分别为:荣玉1609>荣玉1610>鲁单267>中玉335>鲁单258。综上所述,荣玉1609的全株玉米青贮品质最优,其次为荣玉1610,但日喀则地区青贮玉米品种的选择,需要进一步结合其生物产量进行综合评定。
This study evaluated the nutritional values of different corn varieties whole silage in Tibet, and was aimed at providing references for the selection of silage corn varieties. Five common corn varieties(Ludan 258, Ludan 267, Zhongyu 335, Rongyu 1609 and Rongyu 1610) were selected to plant in Tibet. Bale silage was made at the dough stage and their nutritive values, energy prediction and fermentation quality were evaluated after 120 days for fermentation. The results indicated that the nutritional ingredient contents and energy values had significant differences among different corn varieties. Rongyu 1610 had the greatest contents of crude protein and total digestible nutrients. Rongyu 1609 had the highest starch content and net energy for lactating cow. For the fermentation quality, Rongyu 1609 had the lowest pH value, but its lactic acid content, fermentation coefficient and fleig scores were significantly higher than the others. By further analyzing the membership function, the values of comprehensive nutrition ranged from high to low was Rongyu 1609, Rongyu 1610, Ludan 267, Zhongyu 335 and Ludan 258. In conclusion, the corn silage of Rongyu 1609 was the best in quality, followed by Rongyu 1610. Moreover, the selection of silage corn varieties in Xigaze area needed to be combined with the biomass yield for comprehensive evaluation.
This study evaluated the nutritional values of different corn varieties whole silage in Tibet, and was aimed at providing references for the selection of silage corn varieties. Five common corn varieties(Ludan 258, Ludan 267, Zhongyu 335, Rongyu 1609 and Rongyu 1610) were selected to plant in Tibet. Bale silage was made at the dough stage and their nutritive values, energy prediction and fermentation quality were evaluated after 120 days for fermentation. The results indicated that the nutritional ingredient contents and energy values had significant differences among different corn varieties. Rongyu 1610 had the greatest contents of crude protein and total digestible nutrients. Rongyu 1609 had the highest starch content and net energy for lactating cow. For the fermentation quality, Rongyu 1609 had the lowest pH value, but its lactic acid content, fermentation coefficient and fleig scores were significantly higher than the others. By further analyzing the membership function, the values of comprehensive nutrition ranged from high to low was Rongyu 1609, Rongyu 1610, Ludan 267, Zhongyu 335 and Ludan 258. In conclusion, the corn silage of Rongyu 1609 was the best in quality, followed by Rongyu 1610. Moreover, the selection of silage corn varieties in Xigaze area needed to be combined with the biomass yield for comprehensive evaluation.
引文
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[13] 闫贵龙. 影响秸秆营养价值的作物学因素及复合化学处理的效果研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2005.
[14] Shao T, Zhang Z X, Shimojo M, et al. Comparison of fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) during the early stage of ensiling[J]. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005, 18(12):1727-1734.
[15] 郭旭生, 丁武蓉, 玉柱. 青贮饲料发酵品质评定体系及其新进展[J]. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(4): 100-106.
[16] 徐春城. 现代青贮理论与技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.
[17] Kim K H, Tsujiguchi J, Uchida S. Fermentation quality evaluation of Italian ryegrass silagesby using the buffer index curve[J]. Korean Journal of Animal Sciences, 1993, 5(4):737-740.
[18] Kaiser E, Weiss K. Fermentation process during the ensiling of green forage low in nitrate. 2.fermentation process after supplementation of nitrate, nitrite, lactic acid bacteria and formicacid[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition, 1997, 50(2):187-200.
[2] 姜文清. 西藏牧草和作物秸秆营养类型研究[D].兰州: 兰州大学, 2011.
[3] 王国艮. 不同类型全株玉米青贮营养价值评定[D].北京: 中国农业大学, 2017.
[4] 余汝华, 莫放, 赵丽华, 等. 不同玉米品种青贮饲料营养成分比较分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(8): 17-20.
[5] Heinrichs A J. The penn state particle separator [EB/OL]. http://extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/nutrition/forages/forage-quality-physical/separator,2018-1-8.
[6] Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74(10): 3583-3597.
[7] 张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2002.
[8] 王菲.肉牛饲料有效能值预测模型的建立与评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[9] 李昌茂, 杨正德, 叶方. 不同切割长度与揉丝加工对玉米青贮品质的影响[J]. 中国奶牛, 2008(11):8-10.
[10] Ballard C S, Thomas E D, Tsang D S, et al. Effect of corn silage hybrid on dry matter yield,nutrient composition, in vitro digestion, intake by dairy heifers, and milk production by dairycows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2001, 84(2): 442-452.
[11] Andrae J G, Hunt C W, Pritchard G T, et al. Effect of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing of corn silage on intake and digestibility by beef cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2001, 79(9): 2268-2275.
[12] 蔡海霞, 李丽峰, 杨林菲, 等. 不同类型玉米品种的生物产量及青贮前后营养成分分析[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2015(3): 83-85.
[13] 闫贵龙. 影响秸秆营养价值的作物学因素及复合化学处理的效果研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2005.
[14] Shao T, Zhang Z X, Shimojo M, et al. Comparison of fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) during the early stage of ensiling[J]. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005, 18(12):1727-1734.
[15] 郭旭生, 丁武蓉, 玉柱. 青贮饲料发酵品质评定体系及其新进展[J]. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(4): 100-106.
[16] 徐春城. 现代青贮理论与技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.
[17] Kim K H, Tsujiguchi J, Uchida S. Fermentation quality evaluation of Italian ryegrass silagesby using the buffer index curve[J]. Korean Journal of Animal Sciences, 1993, 5(4):737-740.
[18] Kaiser E, Weiss K. Fermentation process during the ensiling of green forage low in nitrate. 2.fermentation process after supplementation of nitrate, nitrite, lactic acid bacteria and formicacid[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition, 1997, 50(2):187-200.