贵州省安顺市资源环境承载能力研究
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摘要
探讨喀斯特石漠化发育对资源环境承载力的影响机理,阐明区域资源环境承载力的制约因素,对喀斯特地貌区生态环境修复有重要的现实意义。该文以贵州省安顺市为研究对象,基于2016-2017年统计年鉴,运用主成分分析法评价安顺市资源环境承载力特征,结果表明:安顺市气候、空气质量、水、土、农、林、经济资源禀赋条件较好;资源环境承载力综合指数从大到小依次为西秀区(1.648)>平坝区(0.704)>普定县(0.297)>关岭县(-0.005)>镇宁县(-0.706)>紫云县(-1.938)。影响资源环境承载力的因子优先顺序是水土流失占国土面积比、人均供水总量、人均营造林面积。说明喀斯特石漠化环境中水、土、林要素是驱动安顺市资源环境承载力产生差异的主要原因。为提升安顺市资源环境承载力,应采取调整林分结构、集成可持续经营技术体系、控制煤炭消费总量、提高燃油品质、加强道路的规划与管理等措施促进喀斯特脆弱生态环境修复。
Discusses the influence mechanism of the karst rocky desertification environment on resources and environment carrying capacity, and clarifies the factors that restrict regional resources and environment carrying capacity, and has important practical significance for the restoration of ecological environment in karst landform. Based on the statistical yearbook of 2016-2017, taking Anshun City of Guizhou Province as the research object, the principal component analysis method is used to evaluate the resources and environment carrying capacity characteristics of Anshun City. The results showed that climate,air quality, water/soil/agriculture/forest and economic resources were better endowed in Anshun City. The comprehensive index of resources and environment carrying capacity of Anshun city is Xixiu District(1.648)> Pingba District(0.704)> Puding County(0.297)> Guanling County(-0.005)> Zhenning County(-0.706) Ziyun County(-1.938). The priority order of factors affecting the carrying capacity of resources and environment is the ratio of soil erosion to national land area, total per capita water supply, and per capita afforestation area. It is indicated that the water, soil and forest elements in the karst rocky desertification environment are the main reasons leading to the difference in resources and environment carrying capacity in Anshun city. In order to improve the resources and environment carrying capacity of Anshun city, it is necessary to adopt measures that adjust the stand structure, integrate the sustainable management technology system, control the total coal consumption, improve fuel quality, and strengthen road planning and management to promote the restoration of the karst fragile ecological environment.
Discusses the influence mechanism of the karst rocky desertification environment on resources and environment carrying capacity, and clarifies the factors that restrict regional resources and environment carrying capacity, and has important practical significance for the restoration of ecological environment in karst landform. Based on the statistical yearbook of 2016-2017, taking Anshun City of Guizhou Province as the research object, the principal component analysis method is used to evaluate the resources and environment carrying capacity characteristics of Anshun City. The results showed that climate,air quality, water/soil/agriculture/forest and economic resources were better endowed in Anshun City. The comprehensive index of resources and environment carrying capacity of Anshun city is Xixiu District(1.648)> Pingba District(0.704)> Puding County(0.297)> Guanling County(-0.005)> Zhenning County(-0.706) Ziyun County(-1.938). The priority order of factors affecting the carrying capacity of resources and environment is the ratio of soil erosion to national land area, total per capita water supply, and per capita afforestation area. It is indicated that the water, soil and forest elements in the karst rocky desertification environment are the main reasons leading to the difference in resources and environment carrying capacity in Anshun city. In order to improve the resources and environment carrying capacity of Anshun city, it is necessary to adopt measures that adjust the stand structure, integrate the sustainable management technology system, control the total coal consumption, improve fuel quality, and strengthen road planning and management to promote the restoration of the karst fragile ecological environment.
引文
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[20]Davida G S,Carvalhob E D,Lemosc D,et al.Ecological carrying capacity for intensive tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)cage aquaculture in a large hydroelectrical reservoir in Southeastern Brazil[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,66:30-40.
[21]王红瑞,刘昌明,毛广全,等.水资源短缺对北京农业的不利影响分析与对策[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(2):160-169.Wang Hongrui,Liu Changming,Mao Guangquan,et al Negative effects of water scarcity on agriculture in Beijing and countermeasures[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(2):160-169.
[22]孙燕英,李元杰,康艾,等.鄂尔多斯盆地（内蒙古地区）资源环境综合承载力评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):56-61.Sun Yanying,Li Yuanjie,Kang Ai,et al.Evaluation of comprehensive carrying capacity of resources and environment in Ordos Basin(Inner Mongolia)[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(2):56-61.
[23]张殿发,欧阳自远,王世杰.中国西南喀斯特地区人口、资源、环境与可持续发展[J].中国·人口资源与环境,2001,11(1):77-81.Zhang Dianfa,Ouyang Ziyuan,Wang Shijie.Population resources environment and sustainable development in the karst region of southwest China[J].China Population Resources&Environment,2001,11(1):77-81.
[24]熊康宁,池永宽.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):23-30.Xiong Kangning,Chi Yongkuan.The problems in southern China karst ecosystem in southern of China and its countermeasures[J].Ecological Economy,2015,31(1):23-30.
[25]万福绪,张金池.黔中喀斯特山区的生态环境特点及植被恢复技术[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(1):45-49.Wan Fuxu,Zhang Jinchi.Ecological characteristics and vegetation rehabilitation techniques in the karst mountain areas of Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2003,27(1):45-49.
[26]田秀玲,倪健.西南喀斯特山区石漠化治理的原则、途径和问题[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(4):532-539.Tian Xiuling,Ni Jian.Comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification in karst mountainous areas,southwestern China:fundamental,approach and issues[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(4):532-539.
[27]刘世荣,杨予静,王晖.中国人工林经营发展战略与对策：从追求木材质量的单一目标经营转向提升生态系统服务质量和效益的多目标经营[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):1-10.Liu Shirong,Yang Yujing,Wang Hui.Development strategy and management countermeasures of planted forests in China:transforming from timber-centered single objective management towards multi-purpose management for enhancing quality and benefits of ecosystem services[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(1):1-10.
[28]李小飞,张明军,王圣杰,等.中国空气污染指数变化特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):1936-1943.Li Xiaofei,Zhang Mingjun,Wang Shengjie,et al.Variation characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution index in China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(6):1936-1943.
[29]王新民,王文娟,李杰,等.我国城市扬尘污染及其控制对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):588-592.Wang Xinmin,Wang Wenjuan,Li Jie,et al.Urban dust pollution and its research of control method in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S2):588-592.
[2]郭轲,王立群.京津冀地区资源环境承载力动态变化及其驱动因子[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3818-3826.Guo Ke,Wang Liqun.Change of resource environmental bearing capacity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its driving factors[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3818-3826.
[3]Zhang Mo,Liu Yiming,Wu Jing,et al.Index system of urban resource and environment carrying capacity based on ecological civilization[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2018,68:90-97.
[4]王红旗,田雅楠,孙静雯,等.基于集对分析的内蒙古自治区资源环境承载力评价研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,49(z1):292-296.Wang Hongqi,Tian Yanan,Sun Jingwen,et al.Resource and environmental carrying capacity based on set pair analysis in inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University:Natural Science,2013,49(z1):292-296.
[5]Ma?gorzata Swi der,Szymon Szewrański,Jan K Kazak.Foodshed as an example of preliminary research for conducting environmental carrying capacity analysis[J].Sustainability,2018,10(3):882.
[6]杨亮洁,杨永春.甘肃省资源环境承载力时空分异[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):7000-7017.Yang Liangjie,Yang Yongchun.The spatiotemporal variation in resource environmental carrying capacity in the Gansu Province of China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(20):7000-7017.
[7]冯欢,谢世友,柳芬,等.基于灰色关联定权Topsis和GIS的重庆市资源环境承载力研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(2):92-99.Feng Huan,Xie Shiyou,Liu Fen,et al.Evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity based on Topsis of grey correlation method and GIS in Chongqing City[J].Journal of Southwest University:Natural Science Edition,2017,39(2):92-99.
[8]许明军,杨子生.西南山区资源环境承载力评价及协调发展分析：以云南省德宏州为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1726-1738.Xu Mingjun,Yang Zisheng.The evaluation and analysis of coordinated development on resources and environment carrying capacity in southwestern mountainous area of China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(10):1726-1738.
[9]黄秋森,赵岩,许新宜,等.基于弹簧模型的资源环境承载力评价及应用：以内蒙古自治区陈巴尔虎旗为例[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(1):173-184.Huang Qiusen,Zhao Yan,Xu Xinyi,et al.Evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity based on spring model:taking Chen Barag banner in inner Mongolia as an example[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(1):173-184.
[10]牛方曲,封志明,刘慧.资源环境承载力评价方法回顾与展望[J].资源科学,2018,40(4):655-663.Niu Fangqu,Feng Zhiming,Liu Hui.A review on evaluating methods of regional resources and environment carrying capacity[J].Resources Science,2018,40(4):655-663.
[11]封志明,杨艳昭,江东,等.自然资源资产负债表编制与资源环境承载力评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7140-7145.Feng Zhiming,Yang Yanzhao,Jiang Dong,et al.The compilation of natural resources balance sheets(NRBS)and the evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity(RECC)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7140-7145.
[12]秦成,王红旗,田雅楠,等.资源环境承载力评价指标研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(12):335-338.Qin Cheng,Wang Hongqi,Tian Yanan,et al.Study on evaluation in indexes of resources and environmental carrying capability[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(12):335-338.
[13]柴国平,徐明德,王帆,等.资源与环境承载力综合评价模型研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(2):257-263.Chai Guoping,Xu Mingde,Wang Fan,et al.The comprehensive evaluation model of resources and environmental carrying capability[J].Journal of Geo-information Science2014,16(2):257-263.
[14]许朗,黄莺,刘爱军.基于主成分分析的江苏省水资源承载力研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(12):1468-1473.Xu Lang,Huang Ying,Liu Aijun.Study on the carrying capacity of water resources in Jiangsu Province based on the principal component analysis[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze basin,2011,20(12):1468-1473.
[15]刘蕾.区域资源环境承载力评价与国土规划开发战略选择研究：以皖江城市带为例[M].北京：人民出版社,2013.Liu Lei.Evaluation of Regional Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity and Strategic Choice of Land Planning and Development:a Case Study of Wanjiang City Belt[M].Beijing:People's Press,2013.
[16]Widodo B,Lupyantob R,Sulistionoc B,et al.Analysis of environmental carrying capacity for the development of sustainable settlement in Yogyakarta urban area[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2015,28:519-527.
[17]Silvio Viglia,Dario Felice Civitillo,Gianluca Cacciapuoti et al.Indicators of environmental loading and sustainability of urban systems:an emergy-based environmental footprint[J].Ecological Indicators,2018,94:82-99.
[18]贺辉辉,丁珏,程宇,等.安徽省淮河流域水环境承载力动态评价研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(S2):280-287.He Huihui,Ding Jue,Cheng Yu,et al.Dynamic evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of Huai River in Anhui Province[J].Environmental Science&Technology2017,40(S2):280-287.
[19]Kang P,Xu L.Water environmental carrying capacity assessment of an industrial park[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:879-890.
[20]Davida G S,Carvalhob E D,Lemosc D,et al.Ecological carrying capacity for intensive tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)cage aquaculture in a large hydroelectrical reservoir in Southeastern Brazil[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,66:30-40.
[21]王红瑞,刘昌明,毛广全,等.水资源短缺对北京农业的不利影响分析与对策[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(2):160-169.Wang Hongrui,Liu Changming,Mao Guangquan,et al Negative effects of water scarcity on agriculture in Beijing and countermeasures[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(2):160-169.
[22]孙燕英,李元杰,康艾,等.鄂尔多斯盆地（内蒙古地区）资源环境综合承载力评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):56-61.Sun Yanying,Li Yuanjie,Kang Ai,et al.Evaluation of comprehensive carrying capacity of resources and environment in Ordos Basin(Inner Mongolia)[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(2):56-61.
[23]张殿发,欧阳自远,王世杰.中国西南喀斯特地区人口、资源、环境与可持续发展[J].中国·人口资源与环境,2001,11(1):77-81.Zhang Dianfa,Ouyang Ziyuan,Wang Shijie.Population resources environment and sustainable development in the karst region of southwest China[J].China Population Resources&Environment,2001,11(1):77-81.
[24]熊康宁,池永宽.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):23-30.Xiong Kangning,Chi Yongkuan.The problems in southern China karst ecosystem in southern of China and its countermeasures[J].Ecological Economy,2015,31(1):23-30.
[25]万福绪,张金池.黔中喀斯特山区的生态环境特点及植被恢复技术[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(1):45-49.Wan Fuxu,Zhang Jinchi.Ecological characteristics and vegetation rehabilitation techniques in the karst mountain areas of Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2003,27(1):45-49.
[26]田秀玲,倪健.西南喀斯特山区石漠化治理的原则、途径和问题[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(4):532-539.Tian Xiuling,Ni Jian.Comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification in karst mountainous areas,southwestern China:fundamental,approach and issues[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(4):532-539.
[27]刘世荣,杨予静,王晖.中国人工林经营发展战略与对策：从追求木材质量的单一目标经营转向提升生态系统服务质量和效益的多目标经营[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):1-10.Liu Shirong,Yang Yujing,Wang Hui.Development strategy and management countermeasures of planted forests in China:transforming from timber-centered single objective management towards multi-purpose management for enhancing quality and benefits of ecosystem services[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(1):1-10.
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