基于船舶AIS数据的桥区水域通航饱和度研究
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摘要
为分析内河通航情况,评价桥区水域航道饱和程度,研究不同船舶领域模型对航道饱和度评价造成的影响,构建了基于船舶AIS数据的通航饱和度模型。通过大量历史船舶AIS数据分析,计算了船舶交通流量、通航密度、通过能力等参数,基于停船视距船舶领域构建了通航饱和度模型,提高了饱和度计算精度;分析了饱和度随时间的变化特征,并提出了最大饱和度等评价指标。以长江中游武汉河段桥区水域为例,研究近三年桥区水域通航饱和度用以验证。结果表明,长江中游桥区水域通航饱和度平均约为20%～30%;武汉长江大桥附近饱和度最大可达53%,与实际较为相符;基于藤井船舶领域模型相比停船视距船舶领域模型计算所得的通过能力值高76%,饱和度低43%。采用停船视距船舶领域计算所得饱和度随区域交通流特征而变化,相比于传统方法更加精准。
In order to evaluate degree of traffic saturation of bridge water areas, and reveal impacts of ship domain models, a novel saturation model is proposed in the present study. On basis of historical AIS data analysis, characteristics of vessel traffic flow are explored, such as vessel traffic volume, density, and waterway capacity. The ship domain is calculated considering ship stopping sight distance, thus the traffic saturation is investigated. Temporal features of traffic saturation are analyzed and evaluation indicators are introduced, e.g. maximum saturation. The Wuhan reach of Yangtze River is selected for traffic saturation model validation. The three-year analysis indicates that the saturation is approximately 20%—30% on average while the maximum value(53%) appears in the vicinity of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. By applying the Fujii ship domain model, the traffic saturation is under-estimated by 43% while the waterway capacity could be over-estimated by 76%. It is concluded that the computed saturation varies with the regional traffic flow characteristics, which is more accurate and reasonable than the traditional method.
In order to evaluate degree of traffic saturation of bridge water areas, and reveal impacts of ship domain models, a novel saturation model is proposed in the present study. On basis of historical AIS data analysis, characteristics of vessel traffic flow are explored, such as vessel traffic volume, density, and waterway capacity. The ship domain is calculated considering ship stopping sight distance, thus the traffic saturation is investigated. Temporal features of traffic saturation are analyzed and evaluation indicators are introduced, e.g. maximum saturation. The Wuhan reach of Yangtze River is selected for traffic saturation model validation. The three-year analysis indicates that the saturation is approximately 20%—30% on average while the maximum value(53%) appears in the vicinity of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. By applying the Fujii ship domain model, the traffic saturation is under-estimated by 43% while the waterway capacity could be over-estimated by 76%. It is concluded that the computed saturation varies with the regional traffic flow characteristics, which is more accurate and reasonable than the traditional method.
引文
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[2] 朱日春.内河桥区水域范围界定的量化计算方法研究[J].船海工程,2009,38(6):124-126.ZHU Richun.Study on quantitative calculation method for defining the waters of inland river bridge area[J].Ship & Ocean Engineering,2009,38(6):124-126.(in Chinese)
[3] 李晋,钟鸣,李扬威.基于AIS船舶数据的港口交通流量预测模型研究[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(3):72-78.LI Jin,ZHONG Ming,LI Yangwei.A forecasting model of traffic flows at ports based on AIS data[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2018,36(3):72-78.(in Chinese)
[4] 卞艺杰.航道通过能力研究[J].水运工程,2000(8):27-30,48.BIAN Yijie.A Study on waterway transit capacity[J].Port & Waterway Engineering,2000(8):27-30,48.(in Chinese)
[5] 吴兆麟.朱军.海上交通工程[M].2版.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2004.WU Zhaolin,ZHU Jun.Marine traffic engineering[M].2nd ed.Dalian:Dalian Maritime University Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[6] 刘绍满,王宁,吴兆麟.船舶领域研究综述[J].大连海事大学学报,2011,37(1):51-54.LIU Shaomana,WANG Ningb,WU Zhaolina.Review of research on ship domain[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2011,37(1):51-54.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘绍满.内河船舶拥挤水域通过能力的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2006.LIU Shaoman.The research of the inland river channel transit transitcapacity where ship is crowed [D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese)
[8] LIU S M,WANG N,SHAO Z R,et al.A novel dynamic quaternion ship domain[C].5th International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing,Dalian:IEEE,2014.
[9] LIU S,ZHENG K,WU Z,WANG N.New inland river channel transit capacity evaluation method based on dynamic quaternion ship domain model[C].2015 54th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE),Hangzhou:IEEE,2015.
[10] 李国帅,东昉,尹建川.基于船舶领域模型的航道饱和度评定系统研究[J].中国水运(下半月),2010,10(2):9-10,23.LI Guoshuai,DONG Fang,YING Jianchuan.Research on channel saturation evaluation system based on ship field model [J].China Water Transport,2010,10(2):9-10,23.(in Chinese)
[11] 杨小军,肖英杰,冯宏祥.航道关键段动态通航饱和度模型及其应用[J].上海海事大学学报,2012,33(1):37-40.YANG Xiaojun,XIAO Yingjie,FENG Hongxiang.Dynamic traffic saturation model and its application on key segment of waterway[J].Journal of Shanghai Maritime University,2012,33(1):37-40.(in Chinese)
[12] 张则浩,于祖杰,刘强,等.龙口港航道饱和度研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2014,40(1):33-36.ZHANG Zehao,YU Zujie,LIU Qiang,et al.Study on the channel saturation of Longkouport[J].Journal of Dalian Maritime University,2014,40(1):33-36.(in Chinese)
[13] 董宇,姜晔,何良德.内河航道通过能力计算方法研究[J].水运工程,2007(1):59-65.DONG Yu,JIANG Ye,HE Liangde.Calculation method ofinland waterway′s throughput Capacity[J].Port & Waterway Engineering,2007(1):59-65.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘敬贤.大型海港进港主航道通过能力及交通组织模式研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.LIU Jingxian.Reaearch of the through capacity and traffic oranizationalmodel in main channel of large sea harbor[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2009.(in Chinese)
[15] 李瀛,张玮.基于停船视距的船舶领域模型研究[J].水运工程,2014(1):36-40.LI Ying,ZHANG Wei.On model about ship domain based on stopping sight distance[J].Port & Waterway Engineering,2014(1):36-40.(in Chinese)
[16] 刘金龙,张玮,刘曙明.基于停船视距和积分运算的船舶领域计算方法[J].中国港湾建设,2014(9):1-4.LIU Jinlong,ZHANG Wei,LIU Shuming.Ship domain calculation based on stopping visual range and integral operation[J].China Harbour Engineering,2014(9):1-4.(in Chinese)
[17] 朱俊,张玮,唐磊.内河船舶流当量系数研究[J].水运工程,2010(2):40-45.ZHU Jun,ZHANG Wei,TANG Lei.Study on vessel equivalent for inland waterways[J].Port & Waterway Engineering,2010(2):40-45.(in Chinese)
[18] LIU Lei,CHU Xiumin,JIANG Zhonglian,et al.Coverage effectiveness analysis of AIS base station:A case study in Yangtze River[C].The 4th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS),Alberta,Canada:IEEE,2017.