施氮水平对不同淀粉型马铃薯块茎产量和淀粉品质的影响
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摘要
为研究施氮水平对不同淀粉型马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉产量和品质的影响,选用生育期相近的高淀粉品种‘克新22号’和低淀粉品种‘克新19号’为试验材料,施氮量设0、75、150、225和300kg/hm~2共5种处理,在收获后,分别测定马铃薯的块茎产量、淀粉含量、淀粉产量和淀粉直支比,探讨施氮水平对这些性状的影响规律。施氮量在0～300kg/hm~2时,‘克新22号’品种的块茎产量随着施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化,其中,施氮量在225kg/hm~2时,块茎产量最高;而‘克新19号’品种的块茎产量则呈持续增加的趋势。2个品种块茎干重中直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量均随着施氮量的增加而呈降低变化;而块茎鲜重中直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量随着施氮量的增加则呈先增后降的单峰曲线变化;施氮量在75kg/hm~2时,块茎鲜重中直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量达到最高。2个品种的淀粉直支比均随着施氮量的增加呈降低的变化趋势。‘克新22号’品种的块茎直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉产量随着施氮量的增加均呈先增加后降低的单峰曲线变化;施氮量在150kg/hm~2时获得较高的直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉产量。‘克新19号’品种的块茎直链淀粉产量随着施氮量的增加一直呈持续增加的变化,而块茎的支链淀粉及总淀粉产量则呈先增加后降低的单峰曲线变化;施氮量225kg/hm~2时获得较高的支链淀粉和总淀粉产量。
In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on the tuber yield,starch yield and quality of potato varieties with different starch contents,two potato varieties,high starch‘Kexin 22'and low starch‘Kexin 19'with similar growth period,were used as test materials and five nitrogen(N)fertilizer application rates of 0,75,150,225,and 300 kg/hm~2 were selected in this research.After harvest,potato tuber yield,starch content,starch yield,and ratio of amylose to amylopectin were measured to analyze the effects of N fertilizer application rate on these traits.When the N fertilizer application rate was increased in the range of 0-300 kg/hm~2,tuber yield of high starch variety‘Kexin 22'showed a trend of first increase then decrease and the tuber yield reached the highest at 225 kg/hm~2.The tuber yield of low starch variety ‘Kexin 19'showed a trend of continuous increase.With the increase of N fertilizer application rate,the amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents on the dry weight basis(DW)of both varieties showed a trend of continuous decrease,while the amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents on the fresh weight basis(FW)showed a tendency of first increase then decrease.When the N fertilizer level was at 75 kg/hm~2,the amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents(FW)of tuber reached the highest values.In the two varieties,a continuous decreasing tendency was found for the ratios of amylose to amylopectin in starch.The yields of amylose,amylopectin,and total starch of high starch variety‘Kexin 22'showed a trend of first increase then decrease with the increase in N fertilizer application rate.When N application rate was at 150 kg/hm~2,the yields of amylose,amylopectin,and total starch were highest.The yield of amylose of low starch variety ‘Kexin 19'showed a trend of continuous increase,while the yields of amylopectin and total starch showed a trend of first increase then decrease with the high values appearing at 225 kg/hm~2 of N fertilizer application rate.
In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on the tuber yield,starch yield and quality of potato varieties with different starch contents,two potato varieties,high starch‘Kexin 22'and low starch‘Kexin 19'with similar growth period,were used as test materials and five nitrogen(N)fertilizer application rates of 0,75,150,225,and 300 kg/hm~2 were selected in this research.After harvest,potato tuber yield,starch content,starch yield,and ratio of amylose to amylopectin were measured to analyze the effects of N fertilizer application rate on these traits.When the N fertilizer application rate was increased in the range of 0-300 kg/hm~2,tuber yield of high starch variety‘Kexin 22'showed a trend of first increase then decrease and the tuber yield reached the highest at 225 kg/hm~2.The tuber yield of low starch variety ‘Kexin 19'showed a trend of continuous increase.With the increase of N fertilizer application rate,the amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents on the dry weight basis(DW)of both varieties showed a trend of continuous decrease,while the amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents on the fresh weight basis(FW)showed a tendency of first increase then decrease.When the N fertilizer level was at 75 kg/hm~2,the amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents(FW)of tuber reached the highest values.In the two varieties,a continuous decreasing tendency was found for the ratios of amylose to amylopectin in starch.The yields of amylose,amylopectin,and total starch of high starch variety‘Kexin 22'showed a trend of first increase then decrease with the increase in N fertilizer application rate.When N application rate was at 150 kg/hm~2,the yields of amylose,amylopectin,and total starch were highest.The yield of amylose of low starch variety ‘Kexin 19'showed a trend of continuous increase,while the yields of amylopectin and total starch showed a trend of first increase then decrease with the high values appearing at 225 kg/hm~2 of N fertilizer application rate.
引文
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[3]周庆锋.马铃薯淀粉产业现状及发展分析∥[C]马铃薯产业与小康社会建设.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2014:56-61Zhou Q F.Current situation and development analysis of potato starch industry[C].In:Potato industry and construction of well-off society.Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2014:56-61(in Chinese)
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[6]穆俊祥,曹兴明,弓建国,梁建功,郭美兰.氮磷钾和有机肥配合施用对马铃薯淀粉含量和产量的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(5):844-848Mu J X,Cao X M,Gong J G,Liang J G,Guo M L.Effects of combined application of N,P,K and organic fertilizers on starch content and yield of potatoes[J].Soils,2009,41(5):844-848(in Chinese)
[7]Zebarth B J,Rosen C J.Research perspective on nitrogen BMPdevelopment for potato[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2007,84(1):3-18
[8]Long C M,Snapp S S,Douches D S.Tuber yield,storability and quality of Michigan cultivars in response to nitrogen management and seedpiece spacing[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2004,81(5):347-357
[9]Zebarth B J,Leclerc Y,Moreau G,Botha E.Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato:Yield and processing quality[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2004,84(3):855-863
[10]Zebarth B J,Rochette P,Burton D L.N2O emissions from spring barley production as influenced by fertilizer nitrogen rate[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2008,88(2):197-205
[11]吕文河,霍丹丹,李勇,吕典秋,白雅梅,宿飞飞.马铃薯块茎不同部位淀粉含量及淀粉合成关键酶活性差异比较[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(6):1-8Lv W H,Huo D D,Li Y,Lv D Q,Bai Y M,Su F F.Comparison of starch contents and starch synthase activities in different parts of potato tuber[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2017,48(6):1-8(in Chinese)
[12]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985He Z F.Seed Quality and Analysis Technology About Grain and Oil[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1985(in Chinese)
[13]韦冬萍,韦剑锋,熊建文,梁和.马铃薯氮素营养研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2011,9(22):56-60Wei D P,Wei J F,Xiong J W,Liang H.Research progress on nitrogen nutrition of potato[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2011,9(22):56-60(in Chinese)
[14]修凤英,朱丽丽,李井会.不同施氮量对马铃薯氮素利用特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,46(3):36-38Xiu F Y,Zhu L L,Li J H.Characteristics of nitrogen utilization under different nitrogen strategies of potato[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2009(3):36-38(in Chinese)
[15]周娜娜.不同氮水平对马铃薯产量构成及土壤NO3-N含量的影响[J].中国马铃著,2010,24(2):91-93Zhou N N.Effect on potato production and soil NO3-N content of different levels of nitrogen application[J].Chinese Potato Journal,2010,24(2):91-93(in Chinese)
[16]何昌福,张健,邱慧珍,张春红,张鹤,张文明.不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯‘青薯9号’干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,54(2):19-26He C F,Zhang J,Qiu H Z,Zhang C H,Zhang H,Zhang W M.Effect of nitrogen levels on dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of‘Qingshu 9’covered with film on dry land[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2017,54(2):19-26(in Chinese)
[17]胡新喜,冯艳青,雷艳,刘明月,熊兴耀.不同施氮水平下秋马铃薯的生长以及StNR和StAT的表达[J].园艺学报,2015,42(10):1974-1982Hu X X,Feng Y Q,Lei Y,Liu M Y,Xiong X Y.Effects of nitrogen rate on plant growth of autumn potato crop and gene expression of nitrate reductase and ammonium transporter[J].Horticultural Plant Journal,2015,42(10):1974-1982(in Chinese)
[18]王梓全,姜丽丽,龚振平.氮肥对炸条型马铃薯产量的影响及氮肥营养诊断指标的建立[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(7):19-25Wang Z Q,Jiang L L,Gong Z P.Effect of nitrogen levels on yield of fried potato and establishment of nitrogen status diagnose index[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2014,45(7):19-25(in Chinese)
[19]邓兰生,林翠兰,龚林,涂攀峰,胡克纬,张承林.滴灌施用不同氮肥对马铃薯生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):141-144Deng L S,Lin C L,Gong L,Tu P F,Hu K W,Zhang C L.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on growth of potato under drip fertigation[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):141-144(in Chinese)
[20]聂向荣.不同氮肥水平下马铃薯品质变化及氮素营养诊断的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009Nie X R.Effect of potato quality and nitrogen nutrition diagnosis under different nitrogen status diagnose index[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[21]郑顺林,王西瑶,马均,袁继超,李首成.营养水平对马铃薯块茎发育中激素、产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):515-519Zhen S L,Wang X Y,Ma J,Yuan J C,Li S C.Effects of nutritional level on hormones,yield and quality in the process of tuber formation in potato[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(3):515-519(in Chinese)
[22]晋小军,黄鹏,温随良.甘肃主要土壤的理化性质对马铃薯品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1996,31(3):257-262Jin X J,Huang P,Wen S L.Effects of some physical and chemical character of main soil type in Gansu on potato quality[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,1996,31(3):257-262(in Chinese)
[23]李佩华.氮营养对秋马铃薯块茎发育中淀粉积累的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(6):2455-2459Li P H.Effect of nitrogen on starch accumulation in process of tuber development of autumn Solanum tuberosum L[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,27(6):2455-2459(in Chinese)
[2]Mitchell M,Pritchard J,Okada S,Larroque O,Yulia D N,Pettolino F,Szydlowski N,Singh S,Liu Q,Ral J P.Oil accumulation in transgenic potato tubers alters starch quality and nutritional profile[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,4(8):1-11
[3]周庆锋.马铃薯淀粉产业现状及发展分析∥[C]马铃薯产业与小康社会建设.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2014:56-61Zhou Q F.Current situation and development analysis of potato starch industry[C].In:Potato industry and construction of well-off society.Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2014:56-61(in Chinese)
[4]王新伟,滕伟丽,夏平.中国马铃薯品种资源淀粉含量的分析[J].中国种业,1998,17(2):46-47Wang X W,Teng W L,Xia P.Analysis of starch content in Chinese potato varieties[J].China’s Seed Industry,1998,17(2):46-47(in Chinese)
[5]SimkovaD,Lachman J,Hamouz K,Vokal B.Effect of cultivar,location and year on total starch,amylose,phosphorus content and starch grain size of high starch potato cultivars for food and industrial processing[J].Food Chemistry,2013,141(4):3872-3880
[6]穆俊祥,曹兴明,弓建国,梁建功,郭美兰.氮磷钾和有机肥配合施用对马铃薯淀粉含量和产量的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(5):844-848Mu J X,Cao X M,Gong J G,Liang J G,Guo M L.Effects of combined application of N,P,K and organic fertilizers on starch content and yield of potatoes[J].Soils,2009,41(5):844-848(in Chinese)
[7]Zebarth B J,Rosen C J.Research perspective on nitrogen BMPdevelopment for potato[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2007,84(1):3-18
[8]Long C M,Snapp S S,Douches D S.Tuber yield,storability and quality of Michigan cultivars in response to nitrogen management and seedpiece spacing[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2004,81(5):347-357
[9]Zebarth B J,Leclerc Y,Moreau G,Botha E.Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato:Yield and processing quality[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2004,84(3):855-863
[10]Zebarth B J,Rochette P,Burton D L.N2O emissions from spring barley production as influenced by fertilizer nitrogen rate[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2008,88(2):197-205
[11]吕文河,霍丹丹,李勇,吕典秋,白雅梅,宿飞飞.马铃薯块茎不同部位淀粉含量及淀粉合成关键酶活性差异比较[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(6):1-8Lv W H,Huo D D,Li Y,Lv D Q,Bai Y M,Su F F.Comparison of starch contents and starch synthase activities in different parts of potato tuber[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2017,48(6):1-8(in Chinese)
[12]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985He Z F.Seed Quality and Analysis Technology About Grain and Oil[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1985(in Chinese)
[13]韦冬萍,韦剑锋,熊建文,梁和.马铃薯氮素营养研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2011,9(22):56-60Wei D P,Wei J F,Xiong J W,Liang H.Research progress on nitrogen nutrition of potato[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2011,9(22):56-60(in Chinese)
[14]修凤英,朱丽丽,李井会.不同施氮量对马铃薯氮素利用特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,46(3):36-38Xiu F Y,Zhu L L,Li J H.Characteristics of nitrogen utilization under different nitrogen strategies of potato[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2009(3):36-38(in Chinese)
[15]周娜娜.不同氮水平对马铃薯产量构成及土壤NO3-N含量的影响[J].中国马铃著,2010,24(2):91-93Zhou N N.Effect on potato production and soil NO3-N content of different levels of nitrogen application[J].Chinese Potato Journal,2010,24(2):91-93(in Chinese)
[16]何昌福,张健,邱慧珍,张春红,张鹤,张文明.不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯‘青薯9号’干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,54(2):19-26He C F,Zhang J,Qiu H Z,Zhang C H,Zhang H,Zhang W M.Effect of nitrogen levels on dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of‘Qingshu 9’covered with film on dry land[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2017,54(2):19-26(in Chinese)
[17]胡新喜,冯艳青,雷艳,刘明月,熊兴耀.不同施氮水平下秋马铃薯的生长以及StNR和StAT的表达[J].园艺学报,2015,42(10):1974-1982Hu X X,Feng Y Q,Lei Y,Liu M Y,Xiong X Y.Effects of nitrogen rate on plant growth of autumn potato crop and gene expression of nitrate reductase and ammonium transporter[J].Horticultural Plant Journal,2015,42(10):1974-1982(in Chinese)
[18]王梓全,姜丽丽,龚振平.氮肥对炸条型马铃薯产量的影响及氮肥营养诊断指标的建立[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(7):19-25Wang Z Q,Jiang L L,Gong Z P.Effect of nitrogen levels on yield of fried potato and establishment of nitrogen status diagnose index[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2014,45(7):19-25(in Chinese)
[19]邓兰生,林翠兰,龚林,涂攀峰,胡克纬,张承林.滴灌施用不同氮肥对马铃薯生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):141-144Deng L S,Lin C L,Gong L,Tu P F,Hu K W,Zhang C L.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on growth of potato under drip fertigation[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):141-144(in Chinese)
[20]聂向荣.不同氮肥水平下马铃薯品质变化及氮素营养诊断的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009Nie X R.Effect of potato quality and nitrogen nutrition diagnosis under different nitrogen status diagnose index[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[21]郑顺林,王西瑶,马均,袁继超,李首成.营养水平对马铃薯块茎发育中激素、产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):515-519Zhen S L,Wang X Y,Ma J,Yuan J C,Li S C.Effects of nutritional level on hormones,yield and quality in the process of tuber formation in potato[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(3):515-519(in Chinese)
[22]晋小军,黄鹏,温随良.甘肃主要土壤的理化性质对马铃薯品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1996,31(3):257-262Jin X J,Huang P,Wen S L.Effects of some physical and chemical character of main soil type in Gansu on potato quality[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,1996,31(3):257-262(in Chinese)
[23]李佩华.氮营养对秋马铃薯块茎发育中淀粉积累的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(6):2455-2459Li P H.Effect of nitrogen on starch accumulation in process of tuber development of autumn Solanum tuberosum L[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,27(6):2455-2459(in Chinese)
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