关于Hardy-Weinberg平衡律的一个注记
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摘要
Hardy-Weinberg(H-W)平衡律是群体遗传学的第一理论基础。建立H-W平衡律的经典数学模型需要假设基因型频率在两性之间是相等的。但在实际中,基因型频率在两性之间常常是不等的。在两性的基因型频率不等的情形下,给出了推导H-W平衡律的数学模型,得到了等位基因在群体达到平衡状态时的最终频率,并发现当两性基因型频率不等时,群体需要通过两个世代的随机交配才能达到基因型频率的平衡,而不是只通过一个世代的随机交配就能达到基因型频率的平衡。
Hardy-Weinberg(H-W) equilibrium is a fundamental model for population genetics. Classical mathematical model for the establishment of H-W equilibrium relies on the assumption that genotype frequencies are equal in males and females. In practice genotype frequencies for the two sexes maybe differ. In this study, we give the mathematical model for H-W equilibrium provided that the two sexes are unequal in genotype frequencies. We obtain the ultimate frequency for a given allele and find that if genotype frequencies differ between the sexes, it takes two generations of random mating to attain H-W equilibrium instead of only one generation of random mating.
Hardy-Weinberg(H-W) equilibrium is a fundamental model for population genetics. Classical mathematical model for the establishment of H-W equilibrium relies on the assumption that genotype frequencies are equal in males and females. In practice genotype frequencies for the two sexes maybe differ. In this study, we give the mathematical model for H-W equilibrium provided that the two sexes are unequal in genotype frequencies. We obtain the ultimate frequency for a given allele and find that if genotype frequencies differ between the sexes, it takes two generations of random mating to attain H-W equilibrium instead of only one generation of random mating.
引文
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[2]丁建华,张海军.伴性基因遗传平衡中的通式及其在教学中的应用[J].生物学杂志,2016,33(4):118-120.
[3]何风华.X染色体上等位基因的遗传平衡[J].生物学教学,2017,42(4):72-74.
[4]蔡辉儒.容易误用遗传平衡定律的案例[J].生物学教学,2016,41(1):54-55.
[5]李德成.遗传平衡定律的推广及应用[J].生物学通报,2012,47(4):14-15.
[6]杜玉杰.Hardy-Weinberg定律在专科教学中的课堂设计[J].生物学杂志,2011, 28(1):96-98,101.
[7]梁前进,王纯.ABO血型的遗传平衡问题解析[J].生物学通报,2008, 43(1):15-17.
[8]徐海霞,张霞,孔庆军.群体遗传平衡定律的应用[J].生物学通报,2004, 39(4):26-27.
[9]侯威,王昌军.遗传平衡定律的数学分析及其应用[J].数理医药学杂志,2008, 21(1):103-104.
[10]陈竺. 医学遗传学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2001:101-107.
[11]LANGE K. Mathematical and statistical methods for genetic analysis [M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1997, 52(3): 5-6.
[2]丁建华,张海军.伴性基因遗传平衡中的通式及其在教学中的应用[J].生物学杂志,2016,33(4):118-120.
[3]何风华.X染色体上等位基因的遗传平衡[J].生物学教学,2017,42(4):72-74.
[4]蔡辉儒.容易误用遗传平衡定律的案例[J].生物学教学,2016,41(1):54-55.
[5]李德成.遗传平衡定律的推广及应用[J].生物学通报,2012,47(4):14-15.
[6]杜玉杰.Hardy-Weinberg定律在专科教学中的课堂设计[J].生物学杂志,2011, 28(1):96-98,101.
[7]梁前进,王纯.ABO血型的遗传平衡问题解析[J].生物学通报,2008, 43(1):15-17.
[8]徐海霞,张霞,孔庆军.群体遗传平衡定律的应用[J].生物学通报,2004, 39(4):26-27.
[9]侯威,王昌军.遗传平衡定律的数学分析及其应用[J].数理医药学杂志,2008, 21(1):103-104.
[10]陈竺. 医学遗传学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2001:101-107.
[11]LANGE K. Mathematical and statistical methods for genetic analysis [M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1997, 52(3): 5-6.