京津冀地区乡村就业非农化对耕地利用效率的影响
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摘要
将京津冀地区147个典型区县划分为优化开发区(Ⅰ)、重点开发区(Ⅱ)、农产品主产区(Ⅲ)与生态保护区(Ⅳ)四大地域类型区,运用随机前沿生产函数模型,测算了2000—2016年京津冀县域及四大地域类型区的耕地利用效率,探讨了京津冀地区乡村就业非农化对耕地利用效率的影响。研究结果表明:1)2000—2016年,京津冀四大地域类型区乡村就业非农化率由高至低依次为Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ,四大地域类型区不同时期耕地利用效率值及其增速各异;2)回归结果显示,京津冀地区乡村就业非农化对耕地利用效率的影响存在显著的地域差异性,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区耕地利用效率对乡村就业非农化率的弹性系数分别为0.008 9、-0.003 8、0.002 4,Ⅳ区乡村就业非农化率与耕地利用效率之间的关系不显著;3)基于此,应采取培育农村新产业与新业态,建立健全土地流转机制与农用地用途变更监管机制,实施差异化的耕地可持续利用路径等措施,构建不同地域类型农业发展新模式,以提升京津冀地区耕地利用效率,引导乡村劳动力有序转移与理性回归。
By dividing 147 typical counties of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region into four zones: optimizing development zone(Ⅰ), priority development zone(Ⅱ), agricultural zone(Ⅲ) and ecological preservation zone(Ⅳ), this paper estimated farmland use efficiency of the counties of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as well as the four zones in 2000—2016 by stochastic frontier production function model and explored the effects of rural off-farm employment on farmland use efficiency. Results show that: 1) The rural off-farm employment rates are different among four different zones with the following order from the highest to the lowest: Ⅱ, Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ; And 2) there were significant regional differences of the effects of rural off-farm employment on farmland use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,with the elasticities of the farmland use efficiency to the rate of rural off-farm employment were 0.008 9,-0.003 8,0.002 4 for development zone(Ⅰ), priority development zone(Ⅱ), and agricultural zone(Ⅲ) respectively. While the elasticity in the ecological preservation zone(Ⅳ) is not significant. Finally, in order to build new modes of agricultural development to increase the farmland use efficiency and to guide rational labor transfer in an orderly manner, this paper suggests: To cultivate new industry and new format, to establish a sound mechanism of land conversion and regulatory mechanism of agricultural land use change, and to implement differentiated path choices for sustainable arable land use.
By dividing 147 typical counties of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region into four zones: optimizing development zone(Ⅰ), priority development zone(Ⅱ), agricultural zone(Ⅲ) and ecological preservation zone(Ⅳ), this paper estimated farmland use efficiency of the counties of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as well as the four zones in 2000—2016 by stochastic frontier production function model and explored the effects of rural off-farm employment on farmland use efficiency. Results show that: 1) The rural off-farm employment rates are different among four different zones with the following order from the highest to the lowest: Ⅱ, Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ; And 2) there were significant regional differences of the effects of rural off-farm employment on farmland use efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,with the elasticities of the farmland use efficiency to the rate of rural off-farm employment were 0.008 9,-0.003 8,0.002 4 for development zone(Ⅰ), priority development zone(Ⅱ), and agricultural zone(Ⅲ) respectively. While the elasticity in the ecological preservation zone(Ⅳ) is not significant. Finally, in order to build new modes of agricultural development to increase the farmland use efficiency and to guide rational labor transfer in an orderly manner, this paper suggests: To cultivate new industry and new format, to establish a sound mechanism of land conversion and regulatory mechanism of agricultural land use change, and to implement differentiated path choices for sustainable arable land use.
引文
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[9]Rozelle S,Taylor J E,Debrauw A.Migration,remittances,and agricultural productivity in China[J].American Economic Review,1999,89(2):287-291.
[10]王良健,李辉.中国耕地利用效率及其影响因素的区域差异--基于281个市的面板数据与随机前沿生产函数方法[J].地理研究,2014,33(11):1995-2004.Wang L J,Li H.Cultivated land use efficiency and the regional characteristics of its influencing factors in China:By using a panel data of 281 prefectural cities and the stochastic frontier production function[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(11):1995-2004.
[11]杨勇,邓祥征,李志慧,等.2000-2015年华北平原土地利用变化对粮食生产效率的影响[J].地理研究,2017,36(11):1-13.Yang Y,Deng X Z,Li Z H,et al.Impact of land use change on grain production efficiency in North China Plain during 2000-2015[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(11):1-13.
[12]Battese G E,Coelli T J.Frontier production functions,technical efficiency and panel data:With application to paddy farmers in India[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992(3):153-169.
[13]陈秧分,刘彦随,杨忍.基于生计转型的中国农村居民点用地整治适宜区域[J].地理学报,2012,67(3):420-427.Chen Y F,Liu Y S,Yang R.Identification of China’s suitable regions for rural residential land consolidation based on livelihoods transformation[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(3):420-427.
[14]Haley S L.Capital accumulation and the growth of aggregate agricultural production[J].Agricultural Economics,1991,6(2):129-157.
[15]张佰林,张凤荣,曲宝德,等.山东省沂水县农村非农化程度差异及驱动力[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):1008-1021.Zhang B L,Zhang F R,Qu B D,et al.Rural non-agricultural differences and their driving forces at the county level:A case study of 16 villages in Yishui,Shandong,East China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(6):1008-1021.
[16]杨晓军.农民工对经济增长贡献与成果分享[J].中国人口科学,2012(6):66-74.Yang X J.The contribution of migrant workers to economic growth and their sharing of the success[J].Chinese Journal of Population Science,2012(6):66-74.
[17]卢新海,匡兵,李菁.碳排放约束下耕地利用效率的区域差异及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(4):657-668.Lu X H,Kuang B,Li J.Regional differences and its influencing factors of cultivated land use efficiency under carbon emission constraint[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(4):657-668.
[18]丘雯文,杨子生.云南省耕地生产效率的时空差异及影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(5):786-793.Qu W W,Yang Z S.Spatial differences and influences of cultivated land use efficiency in Yunnan Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(5):786-793.
[19]Driscoll J C,Kraay A C.Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1998,80(4):549-560.
[20]王亚辉,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.中国农地经营规模对农业劳动生产率的影响及其区域差异[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):539-552.Wang Y H,Li X B,Xin L J,et al.The impact of farm land management scale on agricultural labor productivity in China and its regional differentiation[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(4):539-552.
[21]Davidson R,Mackinnon J G.Testing the specification of multivariate models in the presence of alternative hypotheses[J].Journal of Econometrics,1983,23(3):301-313.
[2]刘彦随,李裕瑞.中国县域耕地与农业劳动力变化的时空耦合关系[J].地理学报,2010,65(12):1602-1612.Liu Y S,Li Y R.Spatio-temporal coupling relationship between farmland and agricultural labor changes at county level in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(12):1602-1612.
[3]李庆,林光华,何军.农民兼业化与农业生产要素投入的相关性研究--基于农村固定观察点农户数据的分析[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(3):27-32.Li Q,Lin G H,He J.A correlation study on farmer’s concurrent business behavior and changes in factors of production:Analysis based on a survey of farmers from rural fixed observation points[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2013,13(3):27-32.
[4]许恒周,郭玉燕,吴冠岑.农民分化对耕地利用效率的影响--基于农户调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(6):31-39.Xu H Z,Guo Y Y,Wu G C.The impacts of farmers’differentiation to the efficiency of arable land use:An empirical study with the survey data from farmers’households[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2012(6):31-39.
[5]贺振华.外部机会、土地制度与长期投资[J].经济科学,2005(3):5-14.He Z H.External opportunities,land system and permanent investment[J].Economic Science,2005(3):5-14.
[6]郭亚军,张晓红.基于数据包络分析(DEA)的河北省农业生产效率综合评价[J].农业现代化研究,2011,32(6):735-739.Guo Y J,Zhang X H.Comprehensive evaluation of agricultural production efficiency based on DEA in Hebei Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2011,32(6):735-739.
[7]Li L,Wang C,Segarra E,et al.Migration,remittances,and agricultural productivity in small farming systems in Northwest China[J].China Agricultural Economic Review,2013,5(1):5-23.
[8]Brauw A D,Rozelle S.Migration and household investment in rural China[J].China Economic Review,2008,19(2):320-335.
[9]Rozelle S,Taylor J E,Debrauw A.Migration,remittances,and agricultural productivity in China[J].American Economic Review,1999,89(2):287-291.
[10]王良健,李辉.中国耕地利用效率及其影响因素的区域差异--基于281个市的面板数据与随机前沿生产函数方法[J].地理研究,2014,33(11):1995-2004.Wang L J,Li H.Cultivated land use efficiency and the regional characteristics of its influencing factors in China:By using a panel data of 281 prefectural cities and the stochastic frontier production function[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(11):1995-2004.
[11]杨勇,邓祥征,李志慧,等.2000-2015年华北平原土地利用变化对粮食生产效率的影响[J].地理研究,2017,36(11):1-13.Yang Y,Deng X Z,Li Z H,et al.Impact of land use change on grain production efficiency in North China Plain during 2000-2015[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(11):1-13.
[12]Battese G E,Coelli T J.Frontier production functions,technical efficiency and panel data:With application to paddy farmers in India[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,1992(3):153-169.
[13]陈秧分,刘彦随,杨忍.基于生计转型的中国农村居民点用地整治适宜区域[J].地理学报,2012,67(3):420-427.Chen Y F,Liu Y S,Yang R.Identification of China’s suitable regions for rural residential land consolidation based on livelihoods transformation[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(3):420-427.
[14]Haley S L.Capital accumulation and the growth of aggregate agricultural production[J].Agricultural Economics,1991,6(2):129-157.
[15]张佰林,张凤荣,曲宝德,等.山东省沂水县农村非农化程度差异及驱动力[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):1008-1021.Zhang B L,Zhang F R,Qu B D,et al.Rural non-agricultural differences and their driving forces at the county level:A case study of 16 villages in Yishui,Shandong,East China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(6):1008-1021.
[16]杨晓军.农民工对经济增长贡献与成果分享[J].中国人口科学,2012(6):66-74.Yang X J.The contribution of migrant workers to economic growth and their sharing of the success[J].Chinese Journal of Population Science,2012(6):66-74.
[17]卢新海,匡兵,李菁.碳排放约束下耕地利用效率的区域差异及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(4):657-668.Lu X H,Kuang B,Li J.Regional differences and its influencing factors of cultivated land use efficiency under carbon emission constraint[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(4):657-668.
[18]丘雯文,杨子生.云南省耕地生产效率的时空差异及影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(5):786-793.Qu W W,Yang Z S.Spatial differences and influences of cultivated land use efficiency in Yunnan Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(5):786-793.
[19]Driscoll J C,Kraay A C.Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1998,80(4):549-560.
[20]王亚辉,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.中国农地经营规模对农业劳动生产率的影响及其区域差异[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):539-552.Wang Y H,Li X B,Xin L J,et al.The impact of farm land management scale on agricultural labor productivity in China and its regional differentiation[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(4):539-552.
[21]Davidson R,Mackinnon J G.Testing the specification of multivariate models in the presence of alternative hypotheses[J].Journal of Econometrics,1983,23(3):301-313.