干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水控盐及效益分析
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摘要
我国西北干旱区水资源匮乏,土壤盐渍化严重,一直是区域经济发展和生态环境建设的瓶颈。结合干旱区节水和土壤盐渍化防治研究现状,提出在干旱区平原水库(水源地)采用防蒸发技术来实现节水和灌区土壤盐渍化防治的目标。对不同防蒸发材料节水率和投资回收期对比分析,结果表明,干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水率及防蒸发材料的选择与当地气象因素有关,投资回收期及所选防蒸发材料单价、防蒸发材料节水率与当地水价有关。针对防蒸发控盐率和防蒸发节水率的相关性试验研究发现,干旱区平原水库防蒸发控盐率与防蒸发节水率呈线性相关。通过对防蒸发节水控盐的社会效益和生态效益分析可知,干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水控盐技术对促进区域工农业发展、土壤盐渍化防治、生态环境保护具有一定的指导意义。
The lack of water resources and the serious soil salinization in the arid regions of northwest China have always been the bottleneck of regional economic development and ecological environment construction. Combined with the research status of water-saving and soil salinization prevention in arid areas,the paper proposes the use of anti-evaporation technology in the arid area plain reservoir( water source) to achieve the goal of water-saving and soil salinization control in irrigation areas. Comparing and analyzing the water saving rate and investment recovery period of different anti-evaporation materials,the results show that the water-saving rate of anti-evaporation of the plain reservoir in the arid area is related to the selection of anti-evaporation materials and local meteorological factors,and the investment recovery period and the unit price of the selected anti-evaporation materials. The water saving rate of anti-evaporation materials is related to the local water price. According to the correlation test of salt control rate and water-saving rate from anti-evaporation,it is found that the salt control rate of anti-evaporation in the plain reservoir of the arid area is linearly related to the evaporation-proof water-saving rate. Through the analysis of the social and ecological benefits of water savings and salt control,the salt control rate and water-saving rate from anti-evaporation technology of the plain reservoir in arid area has certain guiding significance for promoting regional industrial and agricultural development,soil salinization prevention and ecological environment protection.
The lack of water resources and the serious soil salinization in the arid regions of northwest China have always been the bottleneck of regional economic development and ecological environment construction. Combined with the research status of water-saving and soil salinization prevention in arid areas,the paper proposes the use of anti-evaporation technology in the arid area plain reservoir( water source) to achieve the goal of water-saving and soil salinization control in irrigation areas. Comparing and analyzing the water saving rate and investment recovery period of different anti-evaporation materials,the results show that the water-saving rate of anti-evaporation of the plain reservoir in the arid area is related to the selection of anti-evaporation materials and local meteorological factors,and the investment recovery period and the unit price of the selected anti-evaporation materials. The water saving rate of anti-evaporation materials is related to the local water price. According to the correlation test of salt control rate and water-saving rate from anti-evaporation,it is found that the salt control rate of anti-evaporation in the plain reservoir of the arid area is linearly related to the evaporation-proof water-saving rate. Through the analysis of the social and ecological benefits of water savings and salt control,the salt control rate and water-saving rate from anti-evaporation technology of the plain reservoir in arid area has certain guiding significance for promoting regional industrial and agricultural development,soil salinization prevention and ecological environment protection.
引文
[1]侍克斌,严新军,陈亮亮.内陆干旱区平原水库节水及周边土壤盐渍化防治[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2016.
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[13]张建云.充分重视气候变化影响加快推进国家节水行动[J].中国水利,2018(6):11-13.
[14]马学良,李超,赵青梅,等.基于博弈论的新疆内陆河区生态用水保障与管理研究[J].管理评论,2017,29(7):235-243.
[15]魏彦昌,苗鸿,欧阳志云,等.海河流域用水平衡及生态用水保障措施探讨[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006(1):11-14.
[16]魏青军,李白业,李雪妮.吐鲁番盆地平原区盐渍化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):163-167.
[17] GRAY JE,HINES ME,GOLDSTEIN HL,et al. Mercury Deposition and Methylmercury Formation in Narraguinnep Reservoir, Southwestern Colorado, USA[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2014(50):82-90.
[18]冯新斌.乌江流域水库汞的生物地球化学过程及环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[2]赛佳美.荒漠绿洲土壤盐渍化特征与灌溉水质关系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2018.
[3] ROBERTS W J. Reducing Water Vapor Transport with Monolayers[M]. New York:Transport Processes Academic Press,1962.
[4]严新军.内陆干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2004.
[5] CRAIG I,GREEN A,SCOBIE M,et al. Controlling evaporation loss from water storages[R]. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture:USQ,Toowoomba,2005.
[6] Al-HASSOUN S A,MOHAMMED T A,NURDIN. Evaporation Reduction from Impounding Reservoirs in Arid Areas Using Palm Leaves[J]. Research Journal of Applied Sciences,2009,4(4):247-250.
[7] SHAMSHAD Alam,ABDULMOHSEN A,Al SHAIKH.Use of Palm Fronds as Shaded Cover for Evaporation Reduction to Improve Water Storage Effciency[J].Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences,2013(25):55-58.
[8]马艳.单分子膜阻蒸发效果的试验研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2015.
[9]张晓浩,侍克斌,严新军,等.防蒸发浮板覆盖平原水库节水效率研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(4):6-10.
[10]李存立,严新军,侍克斌,等.不同面积浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水效率分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(3):73-76.
[11]韩克武,侍克斌,严新军,等.干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水结构布置与设计[J].水利规划与设计,2018(3):62-66,93.
[12]王月健.干旱区湖泊流域水资源变化及其对生态安全的影响研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2018.
[13]张建云.充分重视气候变化影响加快推进国家节水行动[J].中国水利,2018(6):11-13.
[14]马学良,李超,赵青梅,等.基于博弈论的新疆内陆河区生态用水保障与管理研究[J].管理评论,2017,29(7):235-243.
[15]魏彦昌,苗鸿,欧阳志云,等.海河流域用水平衡及生态用水保障措施探讨[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006(1):11-14.
[16]魏青军,李白业,李雪妮.吐鲁番盆地平原区盐渍化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):163-167.
[17] GRAY JE,HINES ME,GOLDSTEIN HL,et al. Mercury Deposition and Methylmercury Formation in Narraguinnep Reservoir, Southwestern Colorado, USA[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2014(50):82-90.
[18]冯新斌.乌江流域水库汞的生物地球化学过程及环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.