木薯种茎活力的生理生化鉴评指标研究
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摘要
以4种人工老化程度的‘华南8号’和‘南植199’木薯种茎为材料,开展正常供水和干旱胁迫两种条件下的种茎发芽与幼苗生长试验,同时测定种茎的生理生化指标。主成分分析获得不同老化程度种茎的活力综合得分;由活力综合得分与生理生化指标的相关性分析,找出遴选种茎活力的高效鉴评指标,为木薯种茎处理及贮藏提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:华南8号和南植199种茎活力综合得分均与其可溶性蛋白含量呈显著负相关,与其淀粉含量呈显著正相关,南植199种茎活力综合得分还与其脯氨酸含量呈极显著负相关。综评推荐淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白含量作为木薯种茎活力的鉴评指标;木薯种茎可溶性蛋白含量较低、淀粉含量较高,则其活力较高。
To obtain effective indicators for stem vigor and provide theoretical basis for the storage and treatment technology of cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) stem, cassava stems of South China 8(SC8) and Nanzhi 199(NZ199) varieties at four aging degrees were selected as materials, and the stem germination and their sprout growth experiments were carried out under normal water supply and drought stress conditions. The physiological and biochemical indices of the stems were measured including activities of peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), and contents of water, soluble sugar,starch, soluble protein, proline and malondialdehyde(MDA). The comprehensive vigor scores(CVSs) of the stems at different aging degrees were brought up using principal component analysis and theirs correlations with the physiological and biochemical indices were analyzed. Correlation analysis revealed that the CVSs of SC8 and NZ199 stem were significantly negatively correlated with the soluble protein content and significantly positively correlated with the starch content. In addition, the CVS of NZ199 stem had extremely significantly negative correlation with the proline content. So the starch content and the soluble protein content were recommended as the evaluation indices of cassava stem vigor.
To obtain effective indicators for stem vigor and provide theoretical basis for the storage and treatment technology of cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) stem, cassava stems of South China 8(SC8) and Nanzhi 199(NZ199) varieties at four aging degrees were selected as materials, and the stem germination and their sprout growth experiments were carried out under normal water supply and drought stress conditions. The physiological and biochemical indices of the stems were measured including activities of peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), and contents of water, soluble sugar,starch, soluble protein, proline and malondialdehyde(MDA). The comprehensive vigor scores(CVSs) of the stems at different aging degrees were brought up using principal component analysis and theirs correlations with the physiological and biochemical indices were analyzed. Correlation analysis revealed that the CVSs of SC8 and NZ199 stem were significantly negatively correlated with the soluble protein content and significantly positively correlated with the starch content. In addition, the CVS of NZ199 stem had extremely significantly negative correlation with the proline content. So the starch content and the soluble protein content were recommended as the evaluation indices of cassava stem vigor.
引文
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[34]张倩霞.常规粳稻种子化学成分与种子活力的关系研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2017.
[35]SRIVASTAVA B I S.Mechanism of action of kinetin in the retardation of senescence in excised leaves[J].Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Growth Substances,1968:1479-1494.
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[37]冯建灿,张玉洁,杨天柱.低温胁迫对喜树幼苗SOD活性\MDA和脯氨酸含量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(2):197-202.
[38]秦一芳.朴树种子生理生化及萌发特性研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[2]颜启传.种子学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[3]何龙生.水稻种子活力测定方法的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2018.
[4]吴汉花,蒋芳玲,曹雪.不同老化程度的不结球白菜种子活力指标变化及其相关分析[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(8):1606-1614.
[5]李春雷,马世骏,彭滨,等.人工老化对玉米种子活力指标、内含物质含量及生理指标的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(5):505-509,514.
[6]张自阳,王智煜,王娟娟.小麦种子活力形成过程中种子活力及贮藏物质变化规律研究[J].种子,2014,33(10):12-14,19.
[7]RIES S K,EVERSON E H.Protein content and seed size relationships with seedling vigor of wheat cultivars[J].Agronomy Journal,1973,65(6):884-886.
[8]唐祖君,宋明.大白菜种子人工老化及劣变的生理生化分析[J].园艺学报,1999,26(5):319-322.
[9]HUNTER J L,TEKRONY D M,Miles D F,et al.Corn seed maturity indicators and their relationship to uptake of carbon-14 assimilate[J].Crop Science,1991,31(5):1309-1313.
[10]李艳萍,董岳,张强,等.棉花种子成熟和后熟过程中活力变化规律研究[J].种子,2009,28(5):27-30.
[11]樊廷录,王淑英,王建华,等.河西制种基地玉米杂交种种子成熟期与种子活力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(15):2960-2970.
[12]TEKRONY D M,HUNTER J L.Effect of seed maturation and genotype on seed vigor in maize[J].Crop Science,1995,35(3):857-862.
[13]VIEIRA R D,MINOHARA L,DE CARVALHO N M,et al.Relationship of black layer and milk line development on maize seed maturity[J].Science Agriculture,1995,52(1):142-147.
[14]HUNTER R B,MORTIMORE G,GERRISH E E,et al.Field drying of flint and dent endosperm maize[J].Crop Science,1979,19(3):401-402.
[15]陆小静,刘子凡,柳红娟,等.含钙药剂浸种对木薯产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,2014,40(4):349-352.
[16]李天,魏云霞,黄洁,等.石灰种茎处理对木薯萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(5):1-6.
[17]刘海刚,黄洁,罗会英,等.种茎覆膜、浸水和蜡封对木薯抗旱性的影响[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(4):668-672.
[18]罗兴录.云大-120浸种对木薯的增产效应[J].西南农业学报,2001,14(1):87-90.
[19]刘斌,申章佑,甘秀芹,等.中国木薯种茎越冬贮藏区域划分及其安全贮藏方法[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(12):1992-1996.
[20]樊吴静,罗兴录,阮榆.不同贮藏方式对木薯种茎发芽及其相关生理特性影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(33):65-70.
[21]谢向誉,陆柳英,曾文丹,等.木薯嫩枝茎不同贮藏方式生理特性研究[J].中国热带农业,2016(1):48-51.
[22]胡晋.种子生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[23]周祖富,黎兆安.植物生理学实验指导[M].南宁:广西大学,2005.
[24]张宪政.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1992.
[25]李合生.植物生理生化实验技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[26]熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2003.
[27]毛笈华,陈翰砚,顾鑫硕,等.甜玉米种质资源种子活力综合评价[J].农学学报,2016,6(6):6-11.
[28]DICKSON M H.Genetic aspects of seed quality[J].Hortscience,1980,15(6):771-774.
[29]BREMNER P M,ECKERSALL R N,SCOTT R K.The relative importance of embryo size and endosperm size in causing the effects associated with seed size in wheat[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1963,61(1):139-145.
[30]孙群,王建华,孙宝启.种子活力的生理和遗传机理研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2007(01):48-53.
[31]秦翠鲜.低温胁迫对木薯腋芽部分生理指标的影响[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(5):911-914.
[32]YOUNG T E,JUVIK J A,DE MASON D A.Changes in carbohydrate composition andα-amylase expression during germination and seedling growth of starch-deficient endosperm mutants of maize[J].Plant Science,1997,129(2):175-189.
[33]薄丽萍.不结球白菜种子老化衰变生理基础的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[34]张倩霞.常规粳稻种子化学成分与种子活力的关系研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2017.
[35]SRIVASTAVA B I S.Mechanism of action of kinetin in the retardation of senescence in excised leaves[J].Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Growth Substances,1968:1479-1494.
[36]KAUR H,PETLA B P,KAMBLE N U,et al.Differentially expressed seed aging responsive heat shock protein Os HSP18.2 implicates in seed vigor,longevity and improves germination and seedling establishment under abiotic stress[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2015,6:713.
[37]冯建灿,张玉洁,杨天柱.低温胁迫对喜树幼苗SOD活性\MDA和脯氨酸含量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(2):197-202.
[38]秦一芳.朴树种子生理生化及萌发特性研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.