粤北不同林龄杉木人工林下土壤层及枯落物层持水能力研究
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摘要
【目的】为了研究粤北地区不同林龄杉木人工林土壤层及枯落物层水源涵养能力情况,并对粤北杉木人工林质量提升和生态改善提供依据。【方法】以广东韶关市3个林场中的杉木幼龄林(7～8年)、中龄林(16～18年)、近熟林(23～25年)为试验对象,采用环刀浸泡法和室内浸泡法对其林下土壤及枯落物持水能力进行比较。【结果】0～30 cm土层土壤容重大小表现为幼龄林(1.22 g/cm~3)>中龄林(1.17 g/cm~3)>近熟林(1.14 g/cm~3),毛管孔隙度大小表现为幼龄林(39.66%)>中龄林(34.04%)>近熟林(32.93%),土壤有效持水量大小表现为幼龄林(650.70 t/hm~2)>近熟林(627.60 t/hm~2)>中龄林(619.78 t/hm~2),但差异均不显著。枯落物有效拦蓄量大小为中龄林(11.01 t/hm~2)>近熟林(10.95 t/hm~2)>幼龄林(4.04 t/hm~2),且中龄林显著高于幼龄林。回归分析表明枯落物在浸水0.5 h内吸水速率最大,其后迅速降低,至12 h时持水量达到稳定;枯落物持水量与浸泡时间成对数关系(R~2> 0.92),其吸水速率与浸泡时间成幂函数关系(R~2> 0.97),且吸水速率均表现为近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。【结论】不同林龄杉木人工林土壤层持水能力表现为幼龄林>近熟林>中龄林,枯落物层持水能力表现为近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。
[Objective]To study the water-holding capacity of soil layer and litter layer of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations with different ages in northern Guangdong, and to provide basis for improving the quality and ecology of Chinese fir Plantations in northern Guangdong.[Method]The young Chinese fir plantations(7-8 years),middle-aged Chinese fir plantations(16-18 years) and near-mature Chinese fir plantations(23-25 years) in three forest farms in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province were used for study, and the ring knife soaking method and indoor soaking method were applied in the comparative study of the water-holding capacity of soil layer and litter layer. [Result]In soil layer of 0～30 cm, the soil bulk density of young Chinese fir plantations(1.22 g/cm~3) was the highest, followed by middleaged Chinese fir plantations(1.17 g/cm~3) and near-mature Chinese fir plantations(1.14 g/cm~3); the capillary porosity of young Chinese fir plantations was the largest(39.66%), followed by middle-aged Chinese fir plantations(34.04%) and nearmature Chinese fir plantations(32.93%); the effective water holding capacity of young Chinese fir plantations was the largest(650.70 t/hm~2), followed by near-mature Chinese fir plantations(627.60 t/hm~2) and middle-aged Chinese fir plantations(524.40 t/hm~2), but the difference in the above the aspects was not significant. The effective litter storage capacity of middleaged Chinese fir plantations was the largest(11.01 t/hm~2), followed by near-mature Chinese fir plantations(10.95 t/hm~2) and young Chinese fir plantations(4.04 t/hm~2), and the capacity of middle-aged Chinese fir plantations was significantly higher than that of the two. Regression analysis showed that the litter had the highest water absorption rate within 0.5 h after water soaking, then the rate decreased rapidly, and the water-holding capacity became stable at 12 h after water soaking. The water-holding capacity of litter was logarithmically related to the soaking time(R~2 > 0.92), and the water absorption rate was in a power function relationship with the soaking time(R~2 > 0.97), and the water absorption rate of near-mature Chinese fir plantations was the highest, followed by middle-aged Chinese fir plantations and young Chinese fir plantations.[Conclusion]The soil water-holding capacity of soil layer of Chinese fir plantations with different forest ages is as follows: young Chinese fir plantations had the largest capacity, followed by near-mature Chinese fir plantations and middle-aged Chinese fir plantations; as to the water-holding capacity of litter layer, the near-mature Chinese fir plantations had the largest, followed by middle-aged Chinese fir plantations and young Chinese fir plantations.
[Objective]To study the water-holding capacity of soil layer and litter layer of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations with different ages in northern Guangdong, and to provide basis for improving the quality and ecology of Chinese fir Plantations in northern Guangdong.[Method]The young Chinese fir plantations(7-8 years),middle-aged Chinese fir plantations(16-18 years) and near-mature Chinese fir plantations(23-25 years) in three forest farms in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province were used for study, and the ring knife soaking method and indoor soaking method were applied in the comparative study of the water-holding capacity of soil layer and litter layer. [Result]In soil layer of 0～30 cm, the soil bulk density of young Chinese fir plantations(1.22 g/cm~3) was the highest, followed by middleaged Chinese fir plantations(1.17 g/cm~3) and near-mature Chinese fir plantations(1.14 g/cm~3); the capillary porosity of young Chinese fir plantations was the largest(39.66%), followed by middle-aged Chinese fir plantations(34.04%) and nearmature Chinese fir plantations(32.93%); the effective water holding capacity of young Chinese fir plantations was the largest(650.70 t/hm~2), followed by near-mature Chinese fir plantations(627.60 t/hm~2) and middle-aged Chinese fir plantations(524.40 t/hm~2), but the difference in the above the aspects was not significant. The effective litter storage capacity of middleaged Chinese fir plantations was the largest(11.01 t/hm~2), followed by near-mature Chinese fir plantations(10.95 t/hm~2) and young Chinese fir plantations(4.04 t/hm~2), and the capacity of middle-aged Chinese fir plantations was significantly higher than that of the two. Regression analysis showed that the litter had the highest water absorption rate within 0.5 h after water soaking, then the rate decreased rapidly, and the water-holding capacity became stable at 12 h after water soaking. The water-holding capacity of litter was logarithmically related to the soaking time(R~2 > 0.92), and the water absorption rate was in a power function relationship with the soaking time(R~2 > 0.97), and the water absorption rate of near-mature Chinese fir plantations was the highest, followed by middle-aged Chinese fir plantations and young Chinese fir plantations.[Conclusion]The soil water-holding capacity of soil layer of Chinese fir plantations with different forest ages is as follows: young Chinese fir plantations had the largest capacity, followed by near-mature Chinese fir plantations and middle-aged Chinese fir plantations; as to the water-holding capacity of litter layer, the near-mature Chinese fir plantations had the largest, followed by middle-aged Chinese fir plantations and young Chinese fir plantations.
引文
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[4]王美莲,王飞,姚晓娟,张秋良.不同林龄兴安落叶松枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J].生态环境学报,2015(6):925-931.WANG M L,WANG F,YAO X J,ZHANG Q L.Hydrological effects of forest litters and soil in xing’an larch forest at different stand ages[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2015(6):925-931.
[5]鲍文,包维楷,丁德蓉,何丙辉.岷江上游人工油松林凋落量及其持水特征[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(5):567-671.BAO W,BAO W K,DING D R,HE B H.Study on litter-fall and water holding capacity of litter in an artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest in the upper reaches of the minjiang river[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University(Natural Science),2004,26(5):567-671.
[6]徐娟,余新晓,席彩云.北京十三陵不同林分枯落物层和土壤层水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):189-193.XU J,YU X X,XI C Y.Hydrological effects of forest litters and soil in Ming Tombs Forest Farm[J].Journal of Siol and Water Conservation,2009,23(3):189-193.
[7]陈波,杨新兵,赵心苗,王永明,田超,刘阳,刘鹏.冀北山地6种天然纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):196-202.CHEN B,YANG X B,ZHAO X M,WANG Y M,TIAN C,LIU Y,LIU P.Hydrologial effect of six natural pure forests litters and soil in northern mountain of Hebei Province[J].Journal of Siol and Water Conservation,2012,26(2):196-202.
[8]李际平,李沛霖,曹小玉,赵春燕,袁晓红.福寿林场杉木人工林水源涵养功能比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014(7):80-83.LI J P,LI P L,CAO X Y,ZHAO C Y,YUAN X H.Comparative study of water conservation function of Chinese fir plantation in Fushou forest farm[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2014(7):80-83.
[9]WANG Q,WANG S,YU H.Comparisons of litterfall,litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2008,255(3-4):1210-1218.
[10]辛颖,赵雨森,张睿彬,邱本军,任艳丽.不同林龄落叶松人工林土壤水文特性差异[J].森林工程,2013,29(5):1-4.XIN Y,ZHAO Y S,ZHANG R B,QIU B J,REN Y L.Study on the difference of soil hydrology characteristic of different-aged Larix gmelinii plantations[J].Forest Engineering,2013,29(5):1-4.
[11]李贵玉,张卫强,甘先华,王明怀,魏龙.不同植被恢复方式对马尾松林土壤及凋落物持水能力的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(20):159-164.LI G Y,ZHANG W Q,GAN X H,WANG M H,WEI L.Effects of different vegetation restoration of Pinus massoniana on the waterholding capacities of soil and litter in southern subtropical region[J].Guangdong Agricultrual Sciences,2014,41(20):159-164.
[12]杨玥,方建波,刘小玲,陈红跃.广东流溪河5种林分的枯落物与土壤持水性[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(2)90-95.YANG Y,FANG J B,LIU X L,CHEN H Y.Water-holding capacity of litter and soil in five types of forests in Liuxihe[J].Forestry and Environmental Science,2018,34(2):90-95.
[13]刘璐璐,曹巍,邵全琴.南北盘江森林生态系统水源涵养功能评价[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):603-611.LIU L L,CAO W,SHAO Q Q.Water conservation function of forest ecosystem in the southern and northern Pan river watershed[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(4):603-611.
[14]蒋丽伟.北京山区4种典型林分枯落物持水特性的定量分析[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(12):30-35.JIANG L W.Quantitative analysis of water holding capacity of 4 typical forest litters in Beijing mountainous area[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2016,43(12):30-35.
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