不同退化程度的人工梭梭林地土壤理化特征
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摘要
采用聚类分析法将民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带12个人工梭梭林样点划分为4个退化程度,以空间代替时间,研究了人工梭梭林退化对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:1)随着人工梭梭林的退化,梭梭枯枝率显著增大,梭梭活株比例、新稍长与长势显著降低。2)各土层中阳离子以Na~+与Ca~(2+)为主,阴离子以SO_4~(2-)为主,各养分含量总体上随土层深度增加而逐渐降低。除容重外,土壤各物理指标间均存在显著相关性,土壤各化学指标间以及各化学指标与物理指标间的相关性普遍不显著。3)随着人工梭梭林的退化,土壤机械组成、含水率、全盐含量、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、速效N、速效P、全P和阳离子代换量在3个土层间均无显著差异,pH值、有机质和全N含量在各土层间的差异由显著变为不显著,K~+与NO_3~-含量在各土层间的差异由不显著变为显著。随着人工梭梭林退化程度的加剧,土壤有机质和速效P含量显著减小,表明有机质和速效P含量的降低是人工梭梭林退化的原因之一。
In order to research the impact of degradation of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest on soil physicochemical properties in Minqin Oasis-desert Ecotone,Gansu,12 degraded plots were divided into four degradation grades by hierarchical cluster analysis,and the method of substituting time sere with the spatial sere was used at the same time.The results were as follows:1) with the aggravation of degradation of artificial H.ammodendron forest,the rate of dead branches remarkably increased,shoot length obviously shortened,growth power got distinctly poor,dead plants of H.ammodendron began to appear in severe degradation.2) SO_4~(2-) was the main anions,Na~+ and Ca~(2+) were the main cations in the soil,various nutrient contents as a whole decreased with the increase of soil depth.There were strong correlation among all soil physical indicators besides bulk density,the correlation among chemical indicators and the correlation between physical indicators and chemical indicators were universally insignificant.3) Significant difference of soil mechanical composition,moisture content,total salt content,Na~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),available N,available P,total P and cation exchange capacity among 3 soil layers were not observed,significant difference of soil organic matter,pH and total N among soil layers became insignificant,insignificant difference of K~+ and NO_3~- among soil layers became significant.The content of soil organic matter and available P obviously decreased with the aggravation of degradation,which indicated the decrease of content of organic matter and available P was one of the reasons of degradation of artificial H.ammodendron forest.
In order to research the impact of degradation of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest on soil physicochemical properties in Minqin Oasis-desert Ecotone,Gansu,12 degraded plots were divided into four degradation grades by hierarchical cluster analysis,and the method of substituting time sere with the spatial sere was used at the same time.The results were as follows:1) with the aggravation of degradation of artificial H.ammodendron forest,the rate of dead branches remarkably increased,shoot length obviously shortened,growth power got distinctly poor,dead plants of H.ammodendron began to appear in severe degradation.2) SO_4~(2-) was the main anions,Na~+ and Ca~(2+) were the main cations in the soil,various nutrient contents as a whole decreased with the increase of soil depth.There were strong correlation among all soil physical indicators besides bulk density,the correlation among chemical indicators and the correlation between physical indicators and chemical indicators were universally insignificant.3) Significant difference of soil mechanical composition,moisture content,total salt content,Na~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),available N,available P,total P and cation exchange capacity among 3 soil layers were not observed,significant difference of soil organic matter,pH and total N among soil layers became insignificant,insignificant difference of K~+ and NO_3~- among soil layers became significant.The content of soil organic matter and available P obviously decreased with the aggravation of degradation,which indicated the decrease of content of organic matter and available P was one of the reasons of degradation of artificial H.ammodendron forest.
引文
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[14] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:142-514.Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analysis of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[M].Shanghai:Science and Technology Press,1978:142-514.(in Chinese)
[15] 王育松,上官铁梁.关于重要值计算方法的若干问题[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2010,33(2):312-316.WANG Y S,SHANGGUAN T L.Discussion on calculating method of important values[J].Journal of Shanxi University:Natural Science Edition,2010,33(2):312-316.(in Chinese)
[16] 金慧,赵莹,赵伟,等.长白山牛皮杜鹃群落物种多样性的海拔梯度变化及相似性[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):125-133.JIN H,ZHAO Y,ZHAO W,et al.Elevational changes in species diversity and similarity analysis of a Rhododendron chrysanthum community on Changbai Mounmin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(1):125-133.(in Chinese)
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[18] 张林静,岳明,张远东,等.新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带植物群落物种多样性特征[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):329-334.ZHANG L J,YUE M,ZHANG Y D,et al.Characteristics of plant community species diversity of oasis desert ecotone in Fukang,Xinjiang[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2003,23(3):329-334.(in Chinese)
[19] 刘江,徐先英,张荣娟,等.不同退化程度人工梭梭林对土壤理化性质与生物学特性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(12):1-12.
[20] 周华坤,赵新全,温军,等.黄河源区高寒草原的植被退化与土壤退化特征[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):1-11.ZHOU H K,ZHAO X Q,WEN J,et al.The characteristics of soil and vegetation of degenerated alpine steppe in the Yellow River source region[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):1-11.(in Chinese)
[21] 宁虎森,罗青红,吉小敏,等.新疆甘家湖梭梭林林地土壤养分、盐分的累积特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):83-87.NING H S,LUO Q H,JI X M,et al.Characteristics of soil nutrient,salt accumulation of Ganjiahu Haloxylon National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(9):83-87.(in Chinese)
[22] 林璐,乌云娜,田村宪司,等.呼伦贝尔典型退化草原土壤理化与微生物性状[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3407-3414.LIN L,WU Y N,KENJI T,et al.Variation of soil physicochemical and microbial properties in degraded steppes in Hulunbeir of China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(12):3407-3414.(in Chinese)
[23] 蔡晓布,张永青,邵伟.不同退化程度高寒草原土壤肥力变化特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1034-1044.CAI X B,ZHANG Y Q,SHAO W.Characteristics of soil fertility in alpine steppes at diferent degradation grades[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(3):1034-1044.(in Chinese)
[24] 李绍良,陈有君,关世英,等.土壤退化与草地退化关系的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(1):92-95.LI S L,CHEN Y J,GUAN S Y,et al.Relationships between soil degradation and rangeland degradation[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2002,16(1):92-95.(in Chinese)
[2] 李鹏,赵忠,李占斌,等.植被根系与生态环境相互作用机制研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2002,17(2):26-32.LI P,ZHAO Z,LI Z B,et al.Advances on the interactional mechanism between root system and eco-enviroment[J].Journal of Norhwest Forestry University,2002,17(2):26-32.(in Chinese)
[3] 乌仁其其格,武晓东,闫瑞瑞.呼伦贝尔草甸草原羊草群落不同退化程度土壤理化指标[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(9):123-127.URANQIQIGE,WU X D,YAN R R.Studies on the physical and chemical indicators of soil under different degree of degradation in Leymus chinensis community of Hulunbuir meadow steppe[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(9):123-127.(in Chinese)
[4] 董建辉,薛泉宏,张建昌,等.黄土高原人工混交林土壤肥力及混交效应研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(3):31-35.DONG J H,XUE Q H,ZHANG J C,et al.Soil fertility characteristis and mixed effect of plantation forests on Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Norhwest Forestry University,2005,20(3):31-35.(in Chinese)
[5] 王继和,马全林.民勤绿洲人工梭梭林退化现状、特征与恢复对策[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(12):2107-2112.WANG J H,MA Q L.Study on restoration strategies,characteristics and status of degenerated artificial Haloxylon ammodendron communities at the edge of Minqin oasis[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(12):2107-2112.(in Chinese)
[6] 司朗明,刘彤,刘斌,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭种群退化原因的对比分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6460-6468.SI L M,LIU T,LIU B,et al.A comparative study on reasons of degenerated of Haloxylon ammodendron population in the western part of Gurbantunggut desert[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(21):6460-6468.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘斌,刘彤,李磊,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部梭梭大面积退化原因[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):637-642.LIU B,LIU T,LI L,et al.Cause of large-scale Haloxylon ammodendron degeneration in west Gurbantunggut desert[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(4):637-642.(in Chinese)
[8] 席军强,杨自辉,郭树江,等.人工梭梭林对沙地土壤理化性质和微生物的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(5):44-52.XI J Q,YANG Z H,GUO S J,et al.Effects of Haloxylon ammodendron planting on soil physico-chemical properties and soil microorganisms in sandy dunes[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(5):44-52.(in Chinese)
[9] 刘耘华,杨玉玲,盛建东,等.北疆荒漠植被梭梭立地土壤养分“肥岛”特征研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):545-554.LIU Y H,YANG Y L,SHENG J D,et al.Fertile island characteristics of soil nutrients in Haloxylon ammodendron land in north Xinjiang[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(3):545-554.(in Chinese)
[10] 孙书秒,庄丽,李卫红,等.梭梭保护酶活性与土壤微生物量的关系[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(6):921-926.SUN S M,ZHUANG L,LI W H,et al.Relationship between protective enzyme activity of Haloxylon ammodendron and edaphon number in the south Junggar Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(6):921-926.(in Chinese)
[11] 马晓飞,楚新正,马倩.艾比湖地区冻融作用对梭梭群落土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1190-1201.MA X F,CHU X Z,MA Q.Soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass of Haloxylon ammodendron community under freeze-thaw action[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(6):1190-1201.(in Chinese)
[12] 张锦春,纪永福,王芳林,等.民勤退化人工梭梭种群雨养恢复试验研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(1):77-81.ZHANG J C,JI Y F,WANG F L,et al.Rain-fed recovery of degenerated artificial Haloxylon ammodendron population in Minqin[J].Journal of Norhwest Forestry University,2010,25(1):77-81.(in Chinese)
[13] 曹艳峰,李彦,李晨华,等.荒漠灌木梭梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)土壤微生物的空间分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(6):1-8.CAO Y F,LI Y,LI C H,et al.The spatial distribution of soil microbes around a desert shrub of Haloxylon ammodendron[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(6):1-8.(in Chinese)
[14] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:142-514.Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analysis of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[M].Shanghai:Science and Technology Press,1978:142-514.(in Chinese)
[15] 王育松,上官铁梁.关于重要值计算方法的若干问题[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2010,33(2):312-316.WANG Y S,SHANGGUAN T L.Discussion on calculating method of important values[J].Journal of Shanxi University:Natural Science Edition,2010,33(2):312-316.(in Chinese)
[16] 金慧,赵莹,赵伟,等.长白山牛皮杜鹃群落物种多样性的海拔梯度变化及相似性[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):125-133.JIN H,ZHAO Y,ZHAO W,et al.Elevational changes in species diversity and similarity analysis of a Rhododendron chrysanthum community on Changbai Mounmin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(1):125-133.(in Chinese)
[17] 郝建锋,张逸博,王德艺,等.人为干扰对雅安莲花山青冈次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(7):1451-1459.HAO J F,ZHANG Y B,WANG D Y,et al.Effects of human disturbance on species diversity of cyclobalanopsis glauca community in Lotus Mountain in Ya’an[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2015,35(7):1451-1459.(in Chinese)
[18] 张林静,岳明,张远东,等.新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带植物群落物种多样性特征[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):329-334.ZHANG L J,YUE M,ZHANG Y D,et al.Characteristics of plant community species diversity of oasis desert ecotone in Fukang,Xinjiang[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2003,23(3):329-334.(in Chinese)
[19] 刘江,徐先英,张荣娟,等.不同退化程度人工梭梭林对土壤理化性质与生物学特性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(12):1-12.
[20] 周华坤,赵新全,温军,等.黄河源区高寒草原的植被退化与土壤退化特征[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):1-11.ZHOU H K,ZHAO X Q,WEN J,et al.The characteristics of soil and vegetation of degenerated alpine steppe in the Yellow River source region[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):1-11.(in Chinese)
[21] 宁虎森,罗青红,吉小敏,等.新疆甘家湖梭梭林林地土壤养分、盐分的累积特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):83-87.NING H S,LUO Q H,JI X M,et al.Characteristics of soil nutrient,salt accumulation of Ganjiahu Haloxylon National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(9):83-87.(in Chinese)
[22] 林璐,乌云娜,田村宪司,等.呼伦贝尔典型退化草原土壤理化与微生物性状[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3407-3414.LIN L,WU Y N,KENJI T,et al.Variation of soil physicochemical and microbial properties in degraded steppes in Hulunbeir of China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(12):3407-3414.(in Chinese)
[23] 蔡晓布,张永青,邵伟.不同退化程度高寒草原土壤肥力变化特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1034-1044.CAI X B,ZHANG Y Q,SHAO W.Characteristics of soil fertility in alpine steppes at diferent degradation grades[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(3):1034-1044.(in Chinese)
[24] 李绍良,陈有君,关世英,等.土壤退化与草地退化关系的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(1):92-95.LI S L,CHEN Y J,GUAN S Y,et al.Relationships between soil degradation and rangeland degradation[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2002,16(1):92-95.(in Chinese)