深水浊积水道训练图像建立与多点地质统计建模应用
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摘要
深水浊积水道具有丰富油气,是油气勘探开发的热点领域。以安哥拉深水浊积水道为对象,开展基于多点地质统计的储层建模研究。针对深水水道沉积以及迁移特征,对基于沉积过程的Alluvsim算法进行了改进。通过在Alluvsim中增加整体迁移算法,模拟浊积水道的整体迁移沉积过程。根据浊积水道决口少而弯曲度增加的特点,在Alluvsim中增加了弯曲度指标约束,从而再现浊积水道的弯曲特征。根据安哥拉深水浊积水道地质知识库文献调研,获得了研究区浊积水道形态以及统计特征参数信息。采用改进的Alluvsim算法获得了研究区浊积水道的训练图像。以此训练图像作为模式输入,以井资料作为条件输入,以地震资料作为趋势约束,采用多点地质统计Snesim算法建立了安哥拉深水浊积水道三维地质模型,再现了安哥拉浊积水道的空间分布特征。对模型进行了检验表明,建立的地质模型计算的变差函数与地震属性获得变差函数具有较好的一致性,建立的三维地质模型可以用于后续油藏工程与数值模拟研究,指导油田勘探开发。该研究不仅为多点地质统计应用于实际储层建模提供了完整的建模流程,也为浊积水道训练图像自动生成提供了技术保障。
Deep-water turbidity channels are rich in oil and gas,and a hot area of hydrocarbon exploration and development. The deep-water turbidity channels in Angola are taken for reservoir modeling based on multi-point geostatistics. Alluvsim algorithm based on sedimentary process was improved to capture deep-water channels' sedimentation and migration characteristics. First,the integral migration and deposition processes of turbidity channels were simulated by adding integral migration algorithm to Alluvsim algorithm. Second,the curvature index constraint was also added to represent the original curvature characteristics of turbidity channels,to simulate the morphology of fewer crevasses and higher sinuosity for the channels of Angola deep waters. In addition,we obtained the morphology and statistical characteristic parameters of turbidity channels in the study area through literature surveys on the geological knowledge database of deep-water turbidity channels in Angola. The so acquired training images of turbidity channels in the study area improved Alluvsim algorithm. Thereafter,a three-dimensional geological model of the deep-water channels in Angola was established based on Snesim algorithm of multi-point geostatistics,to reproduce the spatial distribution of these channels,in which the training image was the model,logging data were the conditions,and seismic data were the trend constraint. The inspection of the model result shows that the variogram calculated by the geological model is in good agreement with that obtained by seismic attributes,and the geological model set up in this study may be used for subsequent reservoir engineering and numerical simulation research to guide oilfield exploration and development. Apart from providing a complete modeling workflow for the application of multi-point geostatistics to actual reservoir modeling,the study also demonstrates the technical feasibility for the automatic generation of turbidity channel training images.
Deep-water turbidity channels are rich in oil and gas,and a hot area of hydrocarbon exploration and development. The deep-water turbidity channels in Angola are taken for reservoir modeling based on multi-point geostatistics. Alluvsim algorithm based on sedimentary process was improved to capture deep-water channels' sedimentation and migration characteristics. First,the integral migration and deposition processes of turbidity channels were simulated by adding integral migration algorithm to Alluvsim algorithm. Second,the curvature index constraint was also added to represent the original curvature characteristics of turbidity channels,to simulate the morphology of fewer crevasses and higher sinuosity for the channels of Angola deep waters. In addition,we obtained the morphology and statistical characteristic parameters of turbidity channels in the study area through literature surveys on the geological knowledge database of deep-water turbidity channels in Angola. The so acquired training images of turbidity channels in the study area improved Alluvsim algorithm. Thereafter,a three-dimensional geological model of the deep-water channels in Angola was established based on Snesim algorithm of multi-point geostatistics,to reproduce the spatial distribution of these channels,in which the training image was the model,logging data were the conditions,and seismic data were the trend constraint. The inspection of the model result shows that the variogram calculated by the geological model is in good agreement with that obtained by seismic attributes,and the geological model set up in this study may be used for subsequent reservoir engineering and numerical simulation research to guide oilfield exploration and development. Apart from providing a complete modeling workflow for the application of multi-point geostatistics to actual reservoir modeling,the study also demonstrates the technical feasibility for the automatic generation of turbidity channel training images.
引文
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[9]林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.深水浊积水道体系构型模式研究---以西非尼日尔三角洲盆地某深水研究区为例[J].地质论评,2013,59(3):510-520.Lin Yu,Wu Shenghe,Wang Xing,et al.Research on architecture model of deepwater turbidity channel system:a case study of a deepwater research area in Niger Delta Basin,West Africa[J].Geological Review,2013,59(3):510-520.
[10]卜范青,张宇焜.高弯度深水浊积水道建模方法分析[J].科技导报,2013,31(Z2):70-73.Bu Fanqing,Zhang Yukun.Modeling of high-sinuosity deep water turbidite channel[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(Z2):70-73.
[11]张文彪,陈志海,刘志强,等.深水水道形态定量分析及沉积模拟-以西非Gengibre油田为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):41-49.Zhang Wenbiao,Chen Zhihai,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Morphology quantitative analysis and simulation of deepwater channel:A case study of Gengibre oilfield in West Africa[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):41-49.
[12]张文彪,段太忠,刘志强,等.深水浊积水道多点地质统计模拟---以安哥拉Plutonio油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):403-410.Zhang Wenbiao,Duan Taizhong,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Application of multi-point geostatistics in deep-water turbidity channel simulation:Acase study of Plutonio oilfield in Angola[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):403-410.
[13]张文彪,段太忠,刘彦锋,等.深水浊积水道构型要素特征及三维分布模拟[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):801-810.Zhang Wenbiao,Duan Taizhong,Liu Yanfeng,et al.Characteristics and 3D distribution simulation of architecture elements in deep-water turbidity channels[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(4):801-810.
[14]李少华,张昌民,尹艳树.河流相储层随机建模的几种方法[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2003(5):10-16+97.Li Shaohua,Zhang Changmin,Yin Yanshu.Several stochastic modeling methods for fluvial reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition),2003(5):10-16+97.
[15]尹艳树,吴胜和.储层随机建模研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(2):210-216.Yin Yanshu,Wu Shenghe.The progress of reservoir stochastic modeling[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(2):210-216.
[16]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:290-381.Wu Shenghe.Reservoir characterization and modeling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:290-381.
[17]尹艳树,冯舒,尹太举.曲流河储层建模方法的比较研究[J].断块油气田,2012,19(1):44-46+64.Yin Yanshu,Feng Shu,Yin Taiju.Comparison study on modeling method of meandering river reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(1):44-46+64.
[18]尹艳树.多点地质统计学原理、方法及应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2013:1-20.Yin Yanshu,Zhang Changmin,Li Shaohua.Principle,method and application of multipoint geostatistics[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2013:1-20.
[19]尹艳树,赵学思,王立鑫.一种基于多点地质统计的储层反演新方法[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2018,15(5):22-26+5.Yin Yanshu,Zhao Xuesi,Wang Lixin.A new reservoir inversion method based on multiple-point geostatistics[J].Journal of Yangtze University,2018,15(5):22-26+5.
[20]王文龙,尹艳树.储层建模研究进展及发展趋势[J].地质学刊,2017,41(1):97-102.Wang Wenlong,Yin Yanshu.Research progress and trend of reservoir modelling[J].Journal of Geology,2017,41(1):97-102.
[21]Pyrcz M J,Boisvert J B,Deutsch C V.Alluvsim:A program for eventbased stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems[J].Computers&Geosciences,2009,35(8):1671-1685.
[22]丁辉.曲流河储层精细建模方法研究[D].长江大学,2012.Ding Hui.Methods of reservoir fine modeling on meandering river[D].Yangtze University,2012.
[23]李少华,刘显太,王军,等.基于沉积过程建模算法Alluvsim的改进[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):140-144.Li Shaohua,Liu Xiantai,Wang Jun et al.Improvement of the Alluvsim algorithm modeling based on depositional process[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):140-144.
[24]李鼎,刘俊玲,王永忠,等.储层建模基于目标算法的研究进展[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2015,17(6):39-43.Li Ding,Liu Junling,Wang Yongzhong.Development and prospect of object-based reservoir modeling algorithms[J].Chongqing University of Science&Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,17(06):39-43.
[25]Ferguson R I.Disturbed periodic model for river meanders[J].Earth Surface Processes,1976,1(4):337-347.
[26]Maier K L,Fildani A,Mchargue T R,et al.Punctuated deep-water channel migration:High-resolution subsurface data from the Lucia Chica channel system,Offshore California,U.S.A[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(1):1-8.
[27]Janocko M,Nemec W,Henriksen S,et al.The diversity of deep-water sinuous channel belts and slope valley-fill complexes[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,41:7-34.
[28]刘新颖,于水,胡孝林,等.深水水道坡度与曲率的定量关系及控制作用---以西非Rio Muni盆地为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(S1):127-134.Liu Xinying,Yu Shui,Hu Xiaolin.Quantitative relation between the gradient and sinuosity of deepwater channel and its control:a case study in the Rio Muni Basin,West Africa[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(S1):127-134.
[29]Zoltán Sylvester,Pirmez C,Cantelli A.A model of submarine channel-levee evolution based on channel trajectories:Implications for stratigraphic architecture[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011,28(3):716-727.
[30]张文彪,段太忠,刘志强,等.深水浊积水道沉积构型模式及沉积演化:以西非M油田为例[J].地球科学,2017,42(2):273-285.Zhang Wenbiao,Duan Taizhong,Liu Zhiqiang.Architecture model and sedimentary evolution of deepwater turbidiy channel:a case study of M oilfield in west Africa[J].Earth Science,2017,42(2):273-285.
[31]张文彪,刘志强,陈志海,等.安哥拉深水水道地质知识库建立及应用[J].沉积学报,2015,33(1):142-152.Zhang Wenbiao,Liu Zhiqiang,Chen Haizhi et al.Establishment and application of Geological data base on deep-water channels in Angola Block[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,42(2):273-285.
[2]Jobe Z R,Lowe D R,Uchytil S J.Two fundamentally different types of submarine canyons along the continental margin of Equatorial Guinea[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011,28(3):843-860.
[3]于水,程涛,陈莹.尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积体系特征[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):763-770.Yu Shui,Cheng Tao,Chen Ying.Depositional characteristics of deepwater systems in the Niger delta basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2012,37(4):763-770.
[4]李磊,闫瑞,李宁涛,等.西非Rio Muni盆地深水水道特征与成因[J].现代地质,2015,29(1):80-88.Li Lei,Yan Rui,Li Ningtao,et al.Characteristics and origin of deepwater channels in Rio Muni Basin,West Africa[J].Geoscience,2015,29(1):80-88.
[5]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvial sinuous channels-Characteristics,similarities and dissimilarities,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6-9):0-405.
[6]Wynn R B,Cronin B T,Peakall J.Sinuous deep-water channels:Genesis,geometry and architecture[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6-9):341-387.
[7]程岳宏,于兴河,刘玉梅,等.正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道的特征及异同点[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(1):72-81.Cheng Yuehong,Yu Xinghe,Liu Yumei,et al.Characteristics,similarities and differences of fluvial and deep-water sinuous channels[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(1):72-81.
[8]赵晓明,吴胜和,刘丽.西非陆坡区深水复合水道沉积构型模式[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(6):1-5.Zhao Xiaoming,Wu Shenghe,Liu Li.Sedimentary architecture model of deep-water channel complexes in slope area of West Africa[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(6):1-5.
[9]林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.深水浊积水道体系构型模式研究---以西非尼日尔三角洲盆地某深水研究区为例[J].地质论评,2013,59(3):510-520.Lin Yu,Wu Shenghe,Wang Xing,et al.Research on architecture model of deepwater turbidity channel system:a case study of a deepwater research area in Niger Delta Basin,West Africa[J].Geological Review,2013,59(3):510-520.
[10]卜范青,张宇焜.高弯度深水浊积水道建模方法分析[J].科技导报,2013,31(Z2):70-73.Bu Fanqing,Zhang Yukun.Modeling of high-sinuosity deep water turbidite channel[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(Z2):70-73.
[11]张文彪,陈志海,刘志强,等.深水水道形态定量分析及沉积模拟-以西非Gengibre油田为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):41-49.Zhang Wenbiao,Chen Zhihai,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Morphology quantitative analysis and simulation of deepwater channel:A case study of Gengibre oilfield in West Africa[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):41-49.
[12]张文彪,段太忠,刘志强,等.深水浊积水道多点地质统计模拟---以安哥拉Plutonio油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):403-410.Zhang Wenbiao,Duan Taizhong,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Application of multi-point geostatistics in deep-water turbidity channel simulation:Acase study of Plutonio oilfield in Angola[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):403-410.
[13]张文彪,段太忠,刘彦锋,等.深水浊积水道构型要素特征及三维分布模拟[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):801-810.Zhang Wenbiao,Duan Taizhong,Liu Yanfeng,et al.Characteristics and 3D distribution simulation of architecture elements in deep-water turbidity channels[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(4):801-810.
[14]李少华,张昌民,尹艳树.河流相储层随机建模的几种方法[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2003(5):10-16+97.Li Shaohua,Zhang Changmin,Yin Yanshu.Several stochastic modeling methods for fluvial reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition),2003(5):10-16+97.
[15]尹艳树,吴胜和.储层随机建模研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(2):210-216.Yin Yanshu,Wu Shenghe.The progress of reservoir stochastic modeling[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(2):210-216.
[16]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:290-381.Wu Shenghe.Reservoir characterization and modeling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:290-381.
[17]尹艳树,冯舒,尹太举.曲流河储层建模方法的比较研究[J].断块油气田,2012,19(1):44-46+64.Yin Yanshu,Feng Shu,Yin Taiju.Comparison study on modeling method of meandering river reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(1):44-46+64.
[18]尹艳树.多点地质统计学原理、方法及应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2013:1-20.Yin Yanshu,Zhang Changmin,Li Shaohua.Principle,method and application of multipoint geostatistics[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2013:1-20.
[19]尹艳树,赵学思,王立鑫.一种基于多点地质统计的储层反演新方法[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2018,15(5):22-26+5.Yin Yanshu,Zhao Xuesi,Wang Lixin.A new reservoir inversion method based on multiple-point geostatistics[J].Journal of Yangtze University,2018,15(5):22-26+5.
[20]王文龙,尹艳树.储层建模研究进展及发展趋势[J].地质学刊,2017,41(1):97-102.Wang Wenlong,Yin Yanshu.Research progress and trend of reservoir modelling[J].Journal of Geology,2017,41(1):97-102.
[21]Pyrcz M J,Boisvert J B,Deutsch C V.Alluvsim:A program for eventbased stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems[J].Computers&Geosciences,2009,35(8):1671-1685.
[22]丁辉.曲流河储层精细建模方法研究[D].长江大学,2012.Ding Hui.Methods of reservoir fine modeling on meandering river[D].Yangtze University,2012.
[23]李少华,刘显太,王军,等.基于沉积过程建模算法Alluvsim的改进[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):140-144.Li Shaohua,Liu Xiantai,Wang Jun et al.Improvement of the Alluvsim algorithm modeling based on depositional process[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):140-144.
[24]李鼎,刘俊玲,王永忠,等.储层建模基于目标算法的研究进展[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2015,17(6):39-43.Li Ding,Liu Junling,Wang Yongzhong.Development and prospect of object-based reservoir modeling algorithms[J].Chongqing University of Science&Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,17(06):39-43.
[25]Ferguson R I.Disturbed periodic model for river meanders[J].Earth Surface Processes,1976,1(4):337-347.
[26]Maier K L,Fildani A,Mchargue T R,et al.Punctuated deep-water channel migration:High-resolution subsurface data from the Lucia Chica channel system,Offshore California,U.S.A[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(1):1-8.
[27]Janocko M,Nemec W,Henriksen S,et al.The diversity of deep-water sinuous channel belts and slope valley-fill complexes[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,41:7-34.
[28]刘新颖,于水,胡孝林,等.深水水道坡度与曲率的定量关系及控制作用---以西非Rio Muni盆地为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(S1):127-134.Liu Xinying,Yu Shui,Hu Xiaolin.Quantitative relation between the gradient and sinuosity of deepwater channel and its control:a case study in the Rio Muni Basin,West Africa[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(S1):127-134.
[29]Zoltán Sylvester,Pirmez C,Cantelli A.A model of submarine channel-levee evolution based on channel trajectories:Implications for stratigraphic architecture[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011,28(3):716-727.
[30]张文彪,段太忠,刘志强,等.深水浊积水道沉积构型模式及沉积演化:以西非M油田为例[J].地球科学,2017,42(2):273-285.Zhang Wenbiao,Duan Taizhong,Liu Zhiqiang.Architecture model and sedimentary evolution of deepwater turbidiy channel:a case study of M oilfield in west Africa[J].Earth Science,2017,42(2):273-285.
[31]张文彪,刘志强,陈志海,等.安哥拉深水水道地质知识库建立及应用[J].沉积学报,2015,33(1):142-152.Zhang Wenbiao,Liu Zhiqiang,Chen Haizhi et al.Establishment and application of Geological data base on deep-water channels in Angola Block[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,42(2):273-285.
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