中国工业节能绩效与环保绩效协调性研究——基于NDDF测算的全要素生产率视角
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摘要
按照节能规制与环保规制的不同组合形式建立三种研究情境,基于非径向方向性距离函数和曼奎斯特生产率指数测算中国工业全要素效率及全要素生产率增长指数,研究工业行业节能绩效与环保绩效的协调性。实证研究发现,工业节能绩效优于环保绩效,工业绿色发展水平受限于环保的现实状态,以牺牲环境为代价换取工业增长的现象仍然存在。节能绩效、环保绩效对规制强度变化的敏感性不同,节能、环保和绿色规制对全要素生产率增长的影响具有显著的行业异质性。技术进步是全要素生产率增长的源泉。实现节能与环保互相协调、同步改善需从提高工业企业环保意识、优化节能政策与环保政策组合、推动节能技术和环保技术进步等方面做出努力。
According to different combinations of energy conservation regulation and environmental regulation,three research scenarios are established. Based on non-radial directional distance function and Manquist productivity index,China's industrial total factor efficiency and total factor productivity growth index are measured to study the coordination of energy saving performance and environmental performance of industry. The empirical research shows that industrial energy-saving performance is better than environmental performance,the industrial green development is limited by environmental protection,and the phenomenon of industrial growth at the expense of environment still exists. Energy-saving performance and environmental performance have different sensitivities to changes in regulatory intensity. The impact of energy conservation,environmental protection and green regulation on total factor productivity growth has significant industry heterogeneity. Technological progress is the source of total factor productivity growth. To achieve mutual coordination and improvement of energy conservation and environmental protection,efforts should be made to improve corporate environmental awareness,to optimize the combination of energy conservation policies and environmental protection policies,and to promote energy conservation technologies and environmental technology advancement.
According to different combinations of energy conservation regulation and environmental regulation,three research scenarios are established. Based on non-radial directional distance function and Manquist productivity index,China's industrial total factor efficiency and total factor productivity growth index are measured to study the coordination of energy saving performance and environmental performance of industry. The empirical research shows that industrial energy-saving performance is better than environmental performance,the industrial green development is limited by environmental protection,and the phenomenon of industrial growth at the expense of environment still exists. Energy-saving performance and environmental performance have different sensitivities to changes in regulatory intensity. The impact of energy conservation,environmental protection and green regulation on total factor productivity growth has significant industry heterogeneity. Technological progress is the source of total factor productivity growth. To achieve mutual coordination and improvement of energy conservation and environmental protection,efforts should be made to improve corporate environmental awareness,to optimize the combination of energy conservation policies and environmental protection policies,and to promote energy conservation technologies and environmental technology advancement.
引文
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[7]ZHOU P,ANG B W,WANG H.Energy and CO2emission performance in electricity generation:a non-radial directional distance function approach[J].European journal of operational research,2012,221(3):625-635.
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[14]李兰冰.中国全要素能源效率评价与解构---基于“管理-环境”双重视角[J].中国工业经济,2012(6):57-69.
[15]王锋,冯根福.基于DEA窗口模型的中国省际能源与环境效率评估[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):56-68.
[16]林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率---以中国工业行业为例[J].经济研究,2015(9):127-141.
[17]张志辉.中国区域能源效率演变及其影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(8):73-88.
[18]刘海英,尚晶,王殿武.中国省际节能与环保一致性及影响因素研究[J].资源科学,2018(12):2348-2540.
[19]国家发展改革委员会,国家能源局.能源发展“十三五”规划[EB/OL].2017-01-17.http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201701/W020170117335278192779.pdf.
[20]国家发展改革委员会,国家能源局.能源生产和消费革命战略(2016-2030)[EB/OL].2017-04-25.http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201704/W020170425509386101355.pdf.
[21]国家发展改革委员会,国家能源局,财政部,等.北方地区冬季清洁取暖规划(2017-2021)[EB/OL].2017-12-20.http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-12/20/5248855/files/7ed7d7cda8984ae39a4e9620a4660c7f.pdf.
(1)煤炭二氧化碳排放系数来自陈诗一[13]的研究,折标准煤系数来自《综合能耗计算通则》(GB/T 2589-2008),其他数据由笔者根据《省级温室气体清单编制指南》(发改办气候[2011]1041号)提供的数据计算而得。
[2]PITTMAN R.Multilateral productivity comparisons with undesirable outputs[J].Economic journal,1983,93(372):883-91.
[3]FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,LOVELL C A K,et al.Measuring efficiency when some outputs are undesirable:a nonparametric approach[J].Review of economics and statistics,1989(2),71(1):90-98.
[4]SHEPHARD R W.Theory of cost and production functions[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1970.
[5]CHUNG Y H,FARE R,GROSSKOPF S.Productivity and undesirable outputs:a directional distance function approach[J].Environ manage,1997,51(3):229-240.
[6]ZHOU P,POH K L,ANG B W.A non-radial DEA approach to measuring environmental performance[J].European journal of operational research,2007,178(1):1-9.
[7]ZHOU P,ANG B W,WANG H.Energy and CO2emission performance in electricity generation:a non-radial directional distance function approach[J].European journal of operational research,2012,221(3):625-635.
[8]WANG H,ZHOU P,ZHOU D Q.Scenario-based energy efficiency and productivity in China:a non-radial directional distance function analysis[J].Energy economics,2013,40(2):795-803.
[9]ZHOU D Q,WANG Q W,SU B,et al.Industrial energy conservation and emission reduction performance in China:a city-level nonparametric analysis[J].Applied energy,2016,166:201-209.
[10]李玲.中国工业绿色全要素生产率及影响因素研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2012.
[11]王兵,黄人杰.中国区域绿色发展效率与绿色全要素生产率:2000-2010---基于参数共同边界的实证研究[J].产经评论,2014(1):16-35.
[12]KUMAR S.Environmentally sensitive productivity growth:a global analysis using Malmquist-Luenberger index[J].Ecological economics,2006,56(2):280-293.
[13]陈诗一.能源消耗、二氧化碳排放与中国工业的可持续发展[J].经济研究,2009(4):41-55.
[14]李兰冰.中国全要素能源效率评价与解构---基于“管理-环境”双重视角[J].中国工业经济,2012(6):57-69.
[15]王锋,冯根福.基于DEA窗口模型的中国省际能源与环境效率评估[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):56-68.
[16]林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率---以中国工业行业为例[J].经济研究,2015(9):127-141.
[17]张志辉.中国区域能源效率演变及其影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(8):73-88.
[18]刘海英,尚晶,王殿武.中国省际节能与环保一致性及影响因素研究[J].资源科学,2018(12):2348-2540.
[19]国家发展改革委员会,国家能源局.能源发展“十三五”规划[EB/OL].2017-01-17.http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201701/W020170117335278192779.pdf.
[20]国家发展改革委员会,国家能源局.能源生产和消费革命战略(2016-2030)[EB/OL].2017-04-25.http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201704/W020170425509386101355.pdf.
[21]国家发展改革委员会,国家能源局,财政部,等.北方地区冬季清洁取暖规划(2017-2021)[EB/OL].2017-12-20.http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-12/20/5248855/files/7ed7d7cda8984ae39a4e9620a4660c7f.pdf.
(1)煤炭二氧化碳排放系数来自陈诗一[13]的研究,折标准煤系数来自《综合能耗计算通则》(GB/T 2589-2008),其他数据由笔者根据《省级温室气体清单编制指南》(发改办气候[2011]1041号)提供的数据计算而得。