高原鼠兔干扰下高寒草甸植物功能群分布与土壤因子的关系
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摘要
为阐明高原鼠兔干扰下高寒草甸植物功能群分布及其与土壤因子的关系,以高原鼠兔有效洞口密度代表其干扰强度,在青藏高原东缘高寒草甸选择3个不同干扰强度的高原鼠兔栖息区,调查植物群落结构和土壤理化性质,并分析高原鼠兔干扰下二者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)随高原鼠兔干扰强度增加,植物群落平均高度增加、盖度下降;(2)植物功能群多样性指数下降,其中莎草科和杂类草功能群多样性指数下降显著;(3)土壤有机质和全磷含量显著增加,土壤pH和土壤紧实度显著下降(P<0.05);(4)通过冗余分析和偏冗余分析,土壤化学因子(土壤全磷和全钾)的总效应和净效应达到极显著水平,表明高原鼠兔干扰下高寒草甸植物功能群分布与土壤全磷和全钾含量显著相关(P<0.05)。
The aim of this study was to understand the distribution of plant functional groups and its relationship with soil properties under the disturbance of plateau pika( Ochotona curzoniae).We investigated plant community structure and soil properties in three plots where pika were active in an alpine meadow in Maqu County,eastern Tibet Plateau. We used the number of pika's holes as an indicator of disturbance intensity and analyzed the relationship between plant functional group and soil properties. The results showed that the height and cover of plant community decreased with the increases of pika disturbance intensity. There was a similar response in diversity index of plant functional groups,particularly for Cyperaceae and forb. Along the gradient of pika disturbance intensities,total soil P and organic C concentrations increased,while soil p H and soil compaction significantly decreased( P<0.05). Results from the RDA and partial RDA analyses revealed that the distribution of plant functional groups was significantly correlated with the concentrations of total soil phosphorus and total potassium under pika disturbance( P<0.05).
The aim of this study was to understand the distribution of plant functional groups and its relationship with soil properties under the disturbance of plateau pika( Ochotona curzoniae).We investigated plant community structure and soil properties in three plots where pika were active in an alpine meadow in Maqu County,eastern Tibet Plateau. We used the number of pika's holes as an indicator of disturbance intensity and analyzed the relationship between plant functional group and soil properties. The results showed that the height and cover of plant community decreased with the increases of pika disturbance intensity. There was a similar response in diversity index of plant functional groups,particularly for Cyperaceae and forb. Along the gradient of pika disturbance intensities,total soil P and organic C concentrations increased,while soil p H and soil compaction significantly decreased( P<0.05). Results from the RDA and partial RDA analyses revealed that the distribution of plant functional groups was significantly correlated with the concentrations of total soil phosphorus and total potassium under pika disturbance( P<0.05).
引文
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蒋志刚,夏武平.1985.高原鼠兔食物资源利用的研究.兽类学报,5(4):251-262.
金樑,孙莉,崔慧君,等.2014.青藏高原东缘高寒原草有毒植物分布与高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠的相关性.生态学报,34(9):2208-2215.
李叶,王振宇,张翔,等.2014.阿尔金山自然保护区高原鼠兔夏季微生境选择的主导因子分析.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,25(1):28-31.
刘伟,李里,严红宇,等.2012.高原鼠兔挖掘活动对植物种的丰富度和地上生物量的影响.兽类学报,32(3):216-220.
刘伟,严红宇,王溪,等.2014.高原鼠兔对退化草地植物群落结构及恢复演替的影响.兽类学报,34(1):54-61.
刘世全,高丽丽,蒲玉琳,等.2005.西藏土壤磷素和钾素养分状况及其影响因素.水土保持学报,19(1):75-78.
潘璇,米玛旺堆.2016.高原鼠兔生态学研究进展.生态学杂志,35(9):2537-2543.
任继周.2014.草业科学概论.北京:科学出版社.
孙飞达,郭正刚,尚占环,等.2010.高原鼠兔洞穴密度对高寒草甸土壤理化性质的影响.土壤学报,47(2):378-383.
孙飞达,龙瑞军,郭正刚,等.2011.鼠类活动对高寒草甸植物群落及土壤环境的影响.草业科学,28(1):146-151.
王莹,庞晓攀,肖玉,等.2016.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物多样性与土壤养分间关系的影响.生态学报,36(17):5485-5496.
王德利,李心诚,潘多峰,等.2016.青藏高原草地鼠害的生态释义及控制.西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,42(3):237-245.
徐广平,张德罡,徐长林,等.2006.东祁连山高寒草地不同生境类型植物群落α及β多样性的初步研究.草业科学,23(6):1-5.
严红宇,张毓,赵建中,等.2013.高原鼠兔对高寒草甸植物群落生物量的影响.兽类学报,33(4):333-343.
于成.2018.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸土壤养分含量影响的空间多尺度分析(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
臧润国,张志东.2010.热带森林植物功能群及其动态研究进展.生态学报,30(12):3289-3296.
张龙生,马立鹏.2011.黄河上游玛曲县土地沙漠化研究.中国沙漠,21(1):84-87.
赵景学,曲广鹏,尚占环,等.2011.藏北高寒植被群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的关系.干旱区资源与环境,25(6):105-108.
中国科学院南京土壤研究所.1978.土壤理化分析.上海:上海科学技术出版社.
Braak CJF ter,Smilauer P.2002.Canoco reference manual and user's guide to Canoco for windows:Software for canonical community ordination(version 4.5).New York:Microcomputer Power,Ithaca.
Bryan LF,Katherine L.1998.Gross species richness in a successional grassland:Effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter.Ecology,79:2593-2602.
Cammeraat ELH,Risch AC.2008.The impact of ants on mineral soil properties and processes at different spatial scales.Journal of Applied Entomology,132:285-294.
Chien HL,Smith AT.2006.Keystone status of plateau pikas(Ochotona curzoniae):Effect of control on biodiversity of native birds.Biodiversity and Conservation,12:1901-1912.
Fridley JD.2002.Resource availability dominates and alters relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity in experimental plant communities.Oecologia,132:271-277.
Guo ZG,Zhou XR,Hou Y,et al.2012.Effect of available burrow densities of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)on soil physicochemical property of the bareland and vegetation land in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32:104-110.
Huston MA.1994.Biological diversity:The coexistence of species on changing landscapes.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,191:127-128.
Janssens F,Peeters A,Tallowin JRB,et al.1998.Relationship between soil chemical factors and grassland diversity.Plant and Soil,202:69-78.
Lososova Z,Chytry M,Cimalova S,et al.2010.Weed vegetation of arable land in central Europe:Gradients of diversity and species composition.Journal of Vegetation Science,15:415-422.
McNaughton SJ.1994.Biodiversity and Function of Grazing Ecosystems//Schulze ED,Mooney HA,eds.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.Berlin:Springer:361-383.
Tilman D,Reich PB,Knops J,et al.2001.Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment.Science,294:843-845.
Tilman D,Reich PB,Knops JMH.2006.Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment.Nature,441:629-632.
Yurkewycz RP,Bishop JG,Crisafulli CM,et al.2014.Gopher mounds decrease nutrient cycling rates and increase adjacent vegetation in volcanic primary succession.Oecologia,176:1135-1150.
蒋志刚,夏武平.1985.高原鼠兔食物资源利用的研究.兽类学报,5(4):251-262.
金樑,孙莉,崔慧君,等.2014.青藏高原东缘高寒原草有毒植物分布与高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠的相关性.生态学报,34(9):2208-2215.
李叶,王振宇,张翔,等.2014.阿尔金山自然保护区高原鼠兔夏季微生境选择的主导因子分析.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,25(1):28-31.
刘伟,李里,严红宇,等.2012.高原鼠兔挖掘活动对植物种的丰富度和地上生物量的影响.兽类学报,32(3):216-220.
刘伟,严红宇,王溪,等.2014.高原鼠兔对退化草地植物群落结构及恢复演替的影响.兽类学报,34(1):54-61.
刘世全,高丽丽,蒲玉琳,等.2005.西藏土壤磷素和钾素养分状况及其影响因素.水土保持学报,19(1):75-78.
潘璇,米玛旺堆.2016.高原鼠兔生态学研究进展.生态学杂志,35(9):2537-2543.
任继周.2014.草业科学概论.北京:科学出版社.
孙飞达,郭正刚,尚占环,等.2010.高原鼠兔洞穴密度对高寒草甸土壤理化性质的影响.土壤学报,47(2):378-383.
孙飞达,龙瑞军,郭正刚,等.2011.鼠类活动对高寒草甸植物群落及土壤环境的影响.草业科学,28(1):146-151.
王莹,庞晓攀,肖玉,等.2016.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物多样性与土壤养分间关系的影响.生态学报,36(17):5485-5496.
王德利,李心诚,潘多峰,等.2016.青藏高原草地鼠害的生态释义及控制.西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,42(3):237-245.
徐广平,张德罡,徐长林,等.2006.东祁连山高寒草地不同生境类型植物群落α及β多样性的初步研究.草业科学,23(6):1-5.
严红宇,张毓,赵建中,等.2013.高原鼠兔对高寒草甸植物群落生物量的影响.兽类学报,33(4):333-343.
于成.2018.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸土壤养分含量影响的空间多尺度分析(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
臧润国,张志东.2010.热带森林植物功能群及其动态研究进展.生态学报,30(12):3289-3296.
张龙生,马立鹏.2011.黄河上游玛曲县土地沙漠化研究.中国沙漠,21(1):84-87.
赵景学,曲广鹏,尚占环,等.2011.藏北高寒植被群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的关系.干旱区资源与环境,25(6):105-108.
中国科学院南京土壤研究所.1978.土壤理化分析.上海:上海科学技术出版社.
Braak CJF ter,Smilauer P.2002.Canoco reference manual and user's guide to Canoco for windows:Software for canonical community ordination(version 4.5).New York:Microcomputer Power,Ithaca.
Bryan LF,Katherine L.1998.Gross species richness in a successional grassland:Effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter.Ecology,79:2593-2602.
Cammeraat ELH,Risch AC.2008.The impact of ants on mineral soil properties and processes at different spatial scales.Journal of Applied Entomology,132:285-294.
Chien HL,Smith AT.2006.Keystone status of plateau pikas(Ochotona curzoniae):Effect of control on biodiversity of native birds.Biodiversity and Conservation,12:1901-1912.
Fridley JD.2002.Resource availability dominates and alters relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity in experimental plant communities.Oecologia,132:271-277.
Guo ZG,Zhou XR,Hou Y,et al.2012.Effect of available burrow densities of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)on soil physicochemical property of the bareland and vegetation land in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32:104-110.
Huston MA.1994.Biological diversity:The coexistence of species on changing landscapes.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,191:127-128.
Janssens F,Peeters A,Tallowin JRB,et al.1998.Relationship between soil chemical factors and grassland diversity.Plant and Soil,202:69-78.
Lososova Z,Chytry M,Cimalova S,et al.2010.Weed vegetation of arable land in central Europe:Gradients of diversity and species composition.Journal of Vegetation Science,15:415-422.
McNaughton SJ.1994.Biodiversity and Function of Grazing Ecosystems//Schulze ED,Mooney HA,eds.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.Berlin:Springer:361-383.
Tilman D,Reich PB,Knops J,et al.2001.Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment.Science,294:843-845.
Tilman D,Reich PB,Knops JMH.2006.Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment.Nature,441:629-632.
Yurkewycz RP,Bishop JG,Crisafulli CM,et al.2014.Gopher mounds decrease nutrient cycling rates and increase adjacent vegetation in volcanic primary succession.Oecologia,176:1135-1150.
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