面向碳交易的上海市建筑运营维护阶段碳排放基准线研究
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摘要
结合上海地区实际特点和需求,建立建筑运营维护阶段的碳排放静态和动态基准线制定方法。基于上海市碳交易试点建筑碳排放量信息,在统计分析上海市建筑行业碳排放强度的基础上,设置实际合理情景和先进情景2组基准线情景,开展上海市建筑行业碳减排适用性分析,并结合减排目标模拟2016-2025年上海市建筑行业动态碳排放基准线水平。研究表明:(1)根据碳交易试点建筑四分位统计,上海市五星级酒店、办公建筑和商业建筑静态碳排放基准线分别为138.7kgCO_2/m~2/a、106.2kgCO_2/m~2/a和187.9kgCO_2/m~2/a;(2)《上海市建筑合理用能指南》以及《北京市建筑行业碳排放强度》交叉验证了静态碳排放基准线的科学性和合理性;(3)结合温室气体减排目标,静态碳排放基准线宜设定为2020年碳排放基准线,2016-2019年、2021-2025年各业态建筑基准线分别按照(1-α/5)~(2020-n)和0.99的系数进行动态调整。
The study established a static and dynamic baseline methodology for carbon emissions during the operation period of the building,based on the characteristics and needs of Shanghai.By adopting data from 39 pilot building in Shanghai,we firstly calculated and analyzed the carbon intensity of these buildings and then designed two scenarios for carbon emissions benchmarking along with an analysis of applicability for Shanghai,which were reasonable emissions scenario and the advanced emissions scenario.We also stimulated the dynamic allowance benchmarking during the year of 2016-2025,according to the emission reduction targets.The study shows:(1) the static carbon emission benchmark for five-star hotels,office buildings and commercial buildings are 138.7 kgCO_2/m~2/a、106.2 kgCO_2/m~2/a、187.9 kgCO_2/m~2/a respectively,according to the interquartile analysis;(2) Shanghai Building Rational Energy Use Guide and Beijing Construction Industry Carbon Emission Intensity verified the rationality of the benchmark;(3) the static benchmark is set to the emission standard of the year of 2020,while the adjustment coefficients during the year of 2016-2019 and 2021-2025 are(1-α/5)~(2020-n) and 0.99 respectively.
The study established a static and dynamic baseline methodology for carbon emissions during the operation period of the building,based on the characteristics and needs of Shanghai.By adopting data from 39 pilot building in Shanghai,we firstly calculated and analyzed the carbon intensity of these buildings and then designed two scenarios for carbon emissions benchmarking along with an analysis of applicability for Shanghai,which were reasonable emissions scenario and the advanced emissions scenario.We also stimulated the dynamic allowance benchmarking during the year of 2016-2025,according to the emission reduction targets.The study shows:(1) the static carbon emission benchmark for five-star hotels,office buildings and commercial buildings are 138.7 kgCO_2/m~2/a、106.2 kgCO_2/m~2/a、187.9 kgCO_2/m~2/a respectively,according to the interquartile analysis;(2) Shanghai Building Rational Energy Use Guide and Beijing Construction Industry Carbon Emission Intensity verified the rationality of the benchmark;(3) the static benchmark is set to the emission standard of the year of 2020,while the adjustment coefficients during the year of 2016-2019 and 2021-2025 are(1-α/5)~(2020-n) and 0.99 respectively.
引文
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[13]黄崎,康建成,张建业.酒店业碳排放基准线的构建与节能减排实证研究[J].旅游科学,2018,31(4):78-94.
[14]Heleen Groenenberg,Kornelis Blok.Benchmark-based emission allocation in a cap-and-trade system[J].Climate Policy,2002,2(1):105-109.
[15]贾俊平,何晓群,金勇进.统计学(第七版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2018.
[16]Energy Information Administration.Commercial buildings energy consumption survey (CBECS).[EB/OL]
[17]曹勇,魏峥,刘辉等.德国VDI 3807标准对我国能耗定额的启示[J].建筑科技,2011,22(19):78-81.
[18]DB31/T551-2011.星级饭店建筑合理用能指南[S].
[19]DB31/T550-2011.市级机关办公建筑合理用能指南[S].
[20]DB31/T 795-2014.综合建筑合理用能指南[S].
[21]DB31/T552-2017.大型商业建筑合理用能指南[S].
[2]刘明明.论我国气候变化立法中碳排放配额的初始分配[J].中国政法大学学报,2016,(3):120-131.
[3]Xiong Ling,Shen Bo,Qi Shaozhou,et al.Assessment of allowance mechanism in China's carbon trading pilots[J].Energy Procedia,2015,75:2510-2515.
[4]PhilippeQuirion.Historic versus output-based allocation of GHG tradable allowances:a comparison[J].Climate Policy,2009,9(6):575-592.
[5]Lars Zetterberg.Benchmarking in the European Union Emissions Trading System:abatement incentives[J].Energy Economics,2014,43(2):218-224.
[6]Fan Dai,LingXiong,Ding Ma.How to Set the Allowance Benchmarking for Cement Industry in China’s Carbon Market:Marginal Analysis and the Case of the Hubei Emission Trading Pilot[J].Sustainability,2017,9(2):1-15.
[7]Oliver Sartor,ClementPalliere,Stephen Lecourt.Benchmark-based allocations in EU ETS Phase 3:an early assessment[J].Climate change,2014,14(4):507-524.
[8]吴濛.碳排放配额初始分配模式和方法研究——欧盟碳排放权初始的特点和启示[D].浙江工业大学,2017.
[9]朱能,朱天利,仝丁丁,等.我国建筑能耗基准线确定方法探讨[J].暖通空调,2015,45(3):59-64.
[10]张宁,贺姝峒,王军锋,等.碳交易背景下天津市电力行业碳排放强度与基准线[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(1):187-193.
[11]常莎莎,郗凤明,毕垒,等.供热行业碳排放基准线研究—以沈阳市为例[J].气候变化研究进展,2016,12(6):554-560.
[12]江崇旭,邢金城,秦晓娜,等.天津市医院建筑能效交易基准线研究[J].建筑科学,2012,28(8):1-20.
[13]黄崎,康建成,张建业.酒店业碳排放基准线的构建与节能减排实证研究[J].旅游科学,2018,31(4):78-94.
[14]Heleen Groenenberg,Kornelis Blok.Benchmark-based emission allocation in a cap-and-trade system[J].Climate Policy,2002,2(1):105-109.
[15]贾俊平,何晓群,金勇进.统计学(第七版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2018.
[16]Energy Information Administration.Commercial buildings energy consumption survey (CBECS).[EB/OL]
[17]曹勇,魏峥,刘辉等.德国VDI 3807标准对我国能耗定额的启示[J].建筑科技,2011,22(19):78-81.
[18]DB31/T551-2011.星级饭店建筑合理用能指南[S].
[19]DB31/T550-2011.市级机关办公建筑合理用能指南[S].
[20]DB31/T 795-2014.综合建筑合理用能指南[S].
[21]DB31/T552-2017.大型商业建筑合理用能指南[S].
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