快速城镇化进程中典型冲洪积扇地下水化学演变特征及影响因素解析
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摘要
滹沱河冲洪积扇含水层是石家庄市重要的地下水源,在城市供水安全保障中发挥着重要作用。开展地下水化学演变特征及影响因素分析,可科学的识别人为活动对地下水化学的影响,从而为保障地下水安全提供重要依据。通过水化学方法和多元统计方法,对研究区109组地下水和7组地表水样品的16组化学指标进行分析研究。结果表明,地下水HCO_3和HCO_3·SO_4型水在全区分布广泛,HCO_3·Cl和Cl·HCO_3型水主要分布在滹沱河冲洪积扇顶部的南部区域及滹沱河以北的藁城-无极一带。不同时段地下水化学数据对比分析结果显示,研究区地下水化学类型种类由少变多,呈现复杂化的演变特征,且受人类活动影响的地下水化学类型分布范围呈增加趋势。主成分分析结果显示,研究区地下水化学演化主要受控于地下水超采和水岩作用,其次为污水入渗和粪肥渗滤。
The Weihe River alluvial fan aquifer is an important groundwater source in Shijiazhuang City and plays an important role in urban water supply security.Study on groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors can scientifically identify the natural and anthropogenic factors and can provide reasonable basis for groundwater security.In this paper,109 groundwater sample and 7 surface water sample were obtained to analyze sixteen chemical parameters using hydrochemical method and multivariate statistical method.The results indicated that the HCO_3 and HCO_3·SO_4 facies widely distributed in the whole area.HCO_3·Cl facies were mainly distributed in the southern area of the top of Hutuo River alluvial fan and in the Yicheng-Wuji area of northern Hutuo River.The comparative analysis in different time periods revealed that groundwater chemistry evolved to more facies,with an increasing trend of groundwater facies affected by anthropogenic factors.The results obtained by principal component analysis exhibited that the evolution of groundwater in the area was mainly controlled by the water-rock interaction and overexploitation of groundwater as well as sewage and manure.
The Weihe River alluvial fan aquifer is an important groundwater source in Shijiazhuang City and plays an important role in urban water supply security.Study on groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors can scientifically identify the natural and anthropogenic factors and can provide reasonable basis for groundwater security.In this paper,109 groundwater sample and 7 surface water sample were obtained to analyze sixteen chemical parameters using hydrochemical method and multivariate statistical method.The results indicated that the HCO_3 and HCO_3·SO_4 facies widely distributed in the whole area.HCO_3·Cl facies were mainly distributed in the southern area of the top of Hutuo River alluvial fan and in the Yicheng-Wuji area of northern Hutuo River.The comparative analysis in different time periods revealed that groundwater chemistry evolved to more facies,with an increasing trend of groundwater facies affected by anthropogenic factors.The results obtained by principal component analysis exhibited that the evolution of groundwater in the area was mainly controlled by the water-rock interaction and overexploitation of groundwater as well as sewage and manure.
引文
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[14]张小文，何江涛，刘丹丹，等．滹沱河冲洪积扇浅层地下水水质外界胁迫作用分析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2018,45(5):54-62.(ZHANG X W,HE J T,LIU D D,et al.An analysis of the stress effects and methods of the shallow groundwater quality in the Hutuo River alluvial fan[J].Hydeogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(5):54-62.(in Chinese)DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.Issn.1000-3665.2018.05.07.
[15]河北省环境水文地质总站．河北省石家庄地区及石家庄市地质环境监测报告（1986年-1990年）[R]．河北省环境水文地质总站，1991.(EHTHP.Geological environment monitoring report of Shijiazhuang area in Hebei Province,[R].Environmental hydeogeology team of Hebei Province,1991.(in Chinese)
[16] ZHANG Y P,ZHOU A G,ZHOU J,et al.2015.Evaluating the sources and fate of nitrate in the alluvial aquifers in the Shijiazhuang rural and suburban area,China:Hydrochemical and Multi-Isotopic Approaches.Water,7:1515-1537.DOI:10.3390/w7041515.
[17]郭永海．河北平原地下水环境演化规律及其与人类活动相互关系的研究———以石家庄、衡水、沧洲地区为例[D]．武汉：中国地质大学（武汉），1994.(GUO Y H.Groundwater environment evolution and its relation with human activities in Hebei plain-a case study of Shijiazhuang,Hengshui and Cangzhou districts[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,1994.(in Chinese)
[18]曾渊深．石家庄供水水文地质勘测报告[R]．河北省地质局水文地质工程地质大队，1959.(ZENG Y S.The report of hydrogeological investigation for water supply in Shijiazhuang[R].Hydeogeology and engineering geology team of hebei geological bureau,1959.(in Chinese)
[19] AIUPPA A,BELLOMOS,BRUSCA L,et al.Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting groundwat er quality of an active volcano(Mt.Etna,Italy).Appl Geochem 2003(18):863-82.DOI:10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00182-8.
[20] SINGH KP,MALIK A,SINHA S.Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollutionsources of Gomti River(India)using multivariate statistical techniques-a case study[J].Anal Chim Acta,2005,538:355-374.DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2005.02.006.
[21]丁开宁，郝爱兵，王孟科．石家庄市地下水污染特征及机理[J]．水文地质工程地质，1996(6):29-32.(DING K N,HAO A B,WANG M K.(The pollution mechanism of groundwater in Shijiazhuang[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1996(6):29-32.(in Chinese)
[22]程东会．北京城近郊区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度水文地球化学过程及数值模拟[D]．北京：中国地质大学（北京），2007.(CHEN D H.The hydrogeochemical process and the numerical simulation of total hardness and nitrogen in groundwater of Beijing urban[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2007.(in Chinese)
[23]李纯，武强，王欣宝．人类活动影响下石家庄市浅层地下水环境的演化[J]．环境科学与技术，2007,30(8).(LI C,WU Q,WANG X B.Environmental evolution of shallow groundwater resulting from intensive human activities in Shijiazhuang City[J].(in Chinese)DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2007.08.016.
[24]张千千，王慧玮，翟天伦，等滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水硝酸盐的污染特征及污染源解析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2017(6):116-123.(ZHANG Q Q,WANG H W,ZHAI T L,et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of groundwater nitrate contamination in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan regions[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017(6):116-123.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2017.06.17.
[25] LIU C Q,LI S L,LANG Y C,et al.Using delta15N-and delta18O-values to identify nitrate sources in karst ground water,Guiyang,Southwest China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(22):6928.DOI:10.1021/es0610129.
[2]李亚松，张兆吉，费宇红，等．河北省滹沱河冲积平原地下水质量及污染特征研究[J]．地球学报，2014,35(2):169-176.(LI Y S,ZHANG Z J,FEI Y H,et al.Groundwater quality and contamination characteristics in the Hutuo River Plain Area,Hebei Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2014,35(2):169-176.(in Chinese)DOI:10.3975/cagsb.2014.02.07.
[3]张宗祜，施德鸿，任福弘，等．论华北平原第四系地下水系统之演化[J]．中国科学（D辑），1997,27(2):168-173.(ZHANG Z H,SHI D H,REI F H,et al.The discussion of the evolution of quaternary groundwater in North China Plain[J].Science in China(Series D),1997,27(2):168-173.(in Chinese)
[4] GUO H M,WANG Y X.Hydrogeochemical processes in shallow quaternary aquifers from the Northern Part of the Datong Basin,China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2004,19(1):19-27.DOI:10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00128-8.
[5]张宗祜，沈照理，薛禹群．华北平原地下水环境演化[M]．地质出版社，2000.(ZHANG Z H,SHEN Z L,XUE Y Q.The evolution of groundwater environment in North China Plain[M].The geological press,2000.(in Chinese)
[6]王东胜，沈照理，钟佐燊，等．石家庄平原地下水化学演化的质量平衡模拟[J]．地质论评，1997,43(4):434-440.(WANG D S,SHEN Z L,ZHONG Z X,et al.Mass balance modeling of the evolution of groundwater chemistry in the Shijiazhuang Plain[J].Geological Review,1997,43(4):434-440.(in Chinese)
[7]张翠云，刘文生．河北平原浅层地下水地球化学演化模拟[J]．地学前缘，1996(2):245-248.(ZHANG C Y,LIU W S.Geochemical evolution simulation of shallow groundwater in Hebei plain[J].Geoscience Frontiers,1996(2):245-248.(in Chinese)
[8]王贵玲，蔺文静，张发旺．太行山前平原地下水环境演化规律研究[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2004,18(3):74-77.(WANG G L,LIN W J,ZHANG F W.The environmental evolution of groundwater in Taihang Mountain-foot Plain of NorthChina[J].Journal of arid land resources and environment,2004,18(3):74-77.(in Chinese)
[9]毕二平，高扬，刘长礼．人类活动影响下石家庄市地下水环境质量现状及趋势研究[J]．水文地质工程地质，2000(4):40-43.(BI E P,GAO Y,LIU C L.The groundwater environmental quality and the trend prediction in Shijiazhuang influenced by human activities[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2000(4):40-43.(in Chinese)
[10] ZHANG Q Q,WANG H W,WANG Y C,et al.Groundwater quality assessment and pollution source apportionment in an intensely exploited region of northern China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017(24):16639-16650.DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-9114-2.
[11] GLER C,KURT M A,ALPSLAN M,et al.Assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the groundwater hydrology and chemistry in Tarsus coastal plain(Mersin,SE Turkey)using fuzzy clustering,multivariate statistics and GIS techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,414-415(none):435-451.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.021.
[12] ZHANG B,SONG X,ZHANG Y,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain,Northeast China[J].Water Research,2012,46(8):0-2748.DOI:10.1016/j.wat res.2012.02.033.
[13] HUANG G X,SUN J C,ZHANG Y,et al.Impact of anthropogenic and natural processes on the evolution of groundwater chemistry in a rapidly urbanized coastal area,South China[J].Science of The Total Environment,2013,463-464:209-221.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.078.
[14]张小文，何江涛，刘丹丹，等．滹沱河冲洪积扇浅层地下水水质外界胁迫作用分析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2018,45(5):54-62.(ZHANG X W,HE J T,LIU D D,et al.An analysis of the stress effects and methods of the shallow groundwater quality in the Hutuo River alluvial fan[J].Hydeogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(5):54-62.(in Chinese)DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.Issn.1000-3665.2018.05.07.
[15]河北省环境水文地质总站．河北省石家庄地区及石家庄市地质环境监测报告（1986年-1990年）[R]．河北省环境水文地质总站，1991.(EHTHP.Geological environment monitoring report of Shijiazhuang area in Hebei Province,[R].Environmental hydeogeology team of Hebei Province,1991.(in Chinese)
[16] ZHANG Y P,ZHOU A G,ZHOU J,et al.2015.Evaluating the sources and fate of nitrate in the alluvial aquifers in the Shijiazhuang rural and suburban area,China:Hydrochemical and Multi-Isotopic Approaches.Water,7:1515-1537.DOI:10.3390/w7041515.
[17]郭永海．河北平原地下水环境演化规律及其与人类活动相互关系的研究———以石家庄、衡水、沧洲地区为例[D]．武汉：中国地质大学（武汉），1994.(GUO Y H.Groundwater environment evolution and its relation with human activities in Hebei plain-a case study of Shijiazhuang,Hengshui and Cangzhou districts[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,1994.(in Chinese)
[18]曾渊深．石家庄供水水文地质勘测报告[R]．河北省地质局水文地质工程地质大队，1959.(ZENG Y S.The report of hydrogeological investigation for water supply in Shijiazhuang[R].Hydeogeology and engineering geology team of hebei geological bureau,1959.(in Chinese)
[19] AIUPPA A,BELLOMOS,BRUSCA L,et al.Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting groundwat er quality of an active volcano(Mt.Etna,Italy).Appl Geochem 2003(18):863-82.DOI:10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00182-8.
[20] SINGH KP,MALIK A,SINHA S.Water quality assessment and apportionment of pollutionsources of Gomti River(India)using multivariate statistical techniques-a case study[J].Anal Chim Acta,2005,538:355-374.DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2005.02.006.
[21]丁开宁，郝爱兵，王孟科．石家庄市地下水污染特征及机理[J]．水文地质工程地质，1996(6):29-32.(DING K N,HAO A B,WANG M K.(The pollution mechanism of groundwater in Shijiazhuang[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1996(6):29-32.(in Chinese)
[22]程东会．北京城近郊区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度水文地球化学过程及数值模拟[D]．北京：中国地质大学（北京），2007.(CHEN D H.The hydrogeochemical process and the numerical simulation of total hardness and nitrogen in groundwater of Beijing urban[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2007.(in Chinese)
[23]李纯，武强，王欣宝．人类活动影响下石家庄市浅层地下水环境的演化[J]．环境科学与技术，2007,30(8).(LI C,WU Q,WANG X B.Environmental evolution of shallow groundwater resulting from intensive human activities in Shijiazhuang City[J].(in Chinese)DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2007.08.016.
[24]张千千，王慧玮，翟天伦，等滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水硝酸盐的污染特征及污染源解析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2017(6):116-123.(ZHANG Q Q,WANG H W,ZHAI T L,et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of groundwater nitrate contamination in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan regions[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017(6):116-123.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2017.06.17.
[25] LIU C Q,LI S L,LANG Y C,et al.Using delta15N-and delta18O-values to identify nitrate sources in karst ground water,Guiyang,Southwest China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(22):6928.DOI:10.1021/es0610129.