黄淮地区纳滤膜苦咸水软化分离性能研究
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摘要
针对我国黄淮地区华北山前冲积平原与中部冲积平原交接部位的模拟苦咸水,构建纳滤(NF)膜法软化系统,考察了跨膜压差(0. 6～2. 1 MPa)、进水端切向流速(0. 09～0. 38 m/s)和进水温度(7～35℃)等操作条件对NF膜软化分离性能的影响。结果表明:在跨膜压差为1. 2 MP,进水端切向流速为0. 28 m/s,进水温度为15℃时,NF膜软化系统有较高的膜产水通量〔52. 04 L/(m~2·h)〕,对主要成垢离子Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、CO_3~(2-)和SO_4~(2-)的去除率分别达44. 13%、73. 72%、81. 05%和99. 13%,对总硬度的平均去除率达53. 31%,NF膜有良好的软化性能;随着跨膜压差、进水端切向流速的增加及进水温度的下降,NF膜产水的p H逐渐降低,而浓水的p H呈逐渐升高的趋势。
Brackish water, which typically represented the water quality in the Huang-Huai region along the junction of the north China piedmont alluvial plain and central alluvial plain, was simulated and used as feed water to run a nanofiltration( NF) membrane system. Bench-scale experiments were carried out to evaluate NF softening separating performance. The influences of transmembrane pressure( 0. 6-2. 1 MPa), inlet tangential flow velocity( 0. 09-0. 38 m/s) and feedwater temperature( 7-35 ℃) on the softening efficiencies of NF membrane were investigated. The results revealed that NF system produced a highest flux of 52. 04 L/( m~2· h) with Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+),CO_3~(2-)and SO_4~(2-)rejection of 44. 13%, 73. 72%, 81. 05% and 99. 13%, respectively, under the optimal operating conditions of transmembrane pressure at 1. 2 MPa, inlet tangential flow velocity at 0. 28 m/s and feedwater temperature at 15 ℃. Under the optimal operating conditions, NF membrane achieved the highest softening performance with 53. 31% of the total hardness removal efficiency. Additionally, pH values of NF permeate decreased while pH of NF retentate increased gradually with increasing of transmembrane pressure, inlet tangential flow velocity and decreasing of feedwater temperature within the testing scope.
Brackish water, which typically represented the water quality in the Huang-Huai region along the junction of the north China piedmont alluvial plain and central alluvial plain, was simulated and used as feed water to run a nanofiltration( NF) membrane system. Bench-scale experiments were carried out to evaluate NF softening separating performance. The influences of transmembrane pressure( 0. 6-2. 1 MPa), inlet tangential flow velocity( 0. 09-0. 38 m/s) and feedwater temperature( 7-35 ℃) on the softening efficiencies of NF membrane were investigated. The results revealed that NF system produced a highest flux of 52. 04 L/( m~2· h) with Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+),CO_3~(2-)and SO_4~(2-)rejection of 44. 13%, 73. 72%, 81. 05% and 99. 13%, respectively, under the optimal operating conditions of transmembrane pressure at 1. 2 MPa, inlet tangential flow velocity at 0. 28 m/s and feedwater temperature at 15 ℃. Under the optimal operating conditions, NF membrane achieved the highest softening performance with 53. 31% of the total hardness removal efficiency. Additionally, pH values of NF permeate decreased while pH of NF retentate increased gradually with increasing of transmembrane pressure, inlet tangential flow velocity and decreasing of feedwater temperature within the testing scope.
引文
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[2]宋跃飞,苏现伐,李铁梅,等.苦咸水淡化中膜面结垢预测及防垢进展[J].应用化学,2014,31(12):1368-1377.SONG Y F,SU X F,LI T M,et al. Progress on investigation and application of membrane scaling potential prediction and control techniques in brackish water desalination process[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2014,31(12):1368-1377.
[3] SAITUA H,GIL R,PADILLA A P. Experimental investigation on arsenic removal with a nanofiltration pilot plant from naturally contaminated groundwater[J]. Desalination,2011,274(1/2/3):1-6.
[4] BADRUZZAMAN M,SUBRAMANI A,CAROLIS J D,et al.Impacts of silica on the sustainable productivity of reverse osmosis membranes treating low-salinity brackish groundwater[J]. Desalination,2011,279(3):210-218.
[5] COMERTON A M,ANDREWS R C,BAGLEY D M. The influence of natural organic matter and cations on fouled nanofiltration membrane effective molecular weight cut-off[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2009,327(1/2):155-163.
[6] ROHANI R,HYLAND M,PATTERSON D. A refined onefiltration method for aqueous based nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane molecular weight cut-off determination using polyethylene glycols[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2011,382(1):278-290.
[7] LLENAS L,RIBERA G,ROVIRA M,et al. Selection of nanofiltration membranes as pretreatment for scaling prevention in SWRO using real seawater[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2013,51(4/5/6):930-935.
[8] PONTIE M,DERAUW J S,PLANTIER S,et al. Seawater desalination:nanofiltration-a substitute for reverse osmosis[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2013,51(1/2/3):485-494.
[9] WANG D,WANG X,TOMI Y,et al. Modeling the separation performance of nanofiltration membranes for the mixed salts solution[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2006,280(3):734-743.
[10] FIGOLI A,CASSAON A,CRISCUOLI A,et al. Influence of operating parameters on the arsenic removal by nanofiltration[J].Water Research,2010,44(3):97-104.
[11] SONG Y,XU J,GAO C J,et al. Performance of UF-NF integrated membrane process for seawater softening[J]. Desalination,2011,276(3):109-116.
[12] SU B,WU T,LI Z,et al. Pilot study of seawater nanofiltration softening technology based on integrated membrane system[J].Desalination,2015,368(10):193-201.
[13]江爱朋,程文,王剑,等.全流程卷式反渗透海水淡化系统操作优化[J].化工学报,2014,65(4):1333-1343.JIANG A P,CHENG W,WANG J,et al. Operational optimizations of full flowsheet spiral-wound seawater reverse osmosis system[J]. CIESC Journal,2014,65(4):1333-1343.
[14]姜周曙,翁翔彬,王剑,等.反渗透海水淡化系统“脱盐率与产水量下降”故障树分析[J].化工学报,2014,65(6):2172-2178.JIANG Z S,WENG X B,WANG J,et al. Fault tree analysis on decreases of desalination rate and permeate flow rate of seawater reverse osmosis desalination system[J]. CIESC Journal,2014,65(6):2172-2178.
[15] SHENVI S S,ISLOOR A M,ISMIL A F. A review on RO membrane technology:developments and challenges[J].Desalination,2015,368(1):10-26.
[16] ZHAO L,CHANG P C Y,HO W S W. High-flux reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with hydrophilic additives for brackish water desalination[J]. Desalination,2013,308(6):225-232.
[17]董航,张林,陈欢林,等.混合基质水处理膜:材料、制备与性能[J].化学进展,2014,26(12):2007-2018.DONG H,ZHANG L,CHEN H L,et al. Mixed-matrix membranes for water treatment:materials,synthesis and properties[J].Progress Chemistry,2014,26(12):2007-2018.
[18] ZHAO S,ZOU L,MULCAHY D. Brackish water desalination by a hybrid forward osmosis-nanofiltration system using divalent draw solute[J]. Desalination,2012,284(12):175-181.
[19] RYABCHIKOW B E,PANTELEEV A A,GLADUSH M G.Performance testing of seawater desalination by nanofiltration[J].Petrol Chemistry,2012,7(2):465-474.
[20] KHALED W,RAJA B A,LOUBNA F,et al. Brackish groundwater treatment by nanofiltration,reverse osmosis and electrodialysis in Tunisia:performance and cost comparison[J]. Desalination,2007,207(1):95-106.
[21] HILAL N,ALZOUBI H. A comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes:treatment,pretreatment,modelling,and atomic force microscopy[J]. Desalination,2004,170(3):281-308.