我国生活垃圾填埋场特征性问题原因分析与对策探讨
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摘要
填埋是我国生活垃圾处理处置的最主要方式之一。我国在发展填埋技术过程中对发达国家的技术开发和应用实践经验借鉴较多,而未充分考虑我国垃圾高含水率高易降解有机质的特点,导致填埋场在运行过程中出现了许多特征性问题,包括渗沥液导排系统淤堵、场内渗沥液水位壅高、渗沥液处理难度高以及作业面非甲烷有机化合物释放量大等。分析结果表明,问题的根本原因在于我国现行填埋规范标准与我国垃圾特性存在不相适应之处。要解决以上问题,不仅要通过垃圾分类、垃圾预处理等方式来改善填埋垃圾特性,探索适合我国垃圾特性的填埋方式,同时也要加强基础研究、重新审视相关规范标准并加大资金投入。
Landfill is one of the most predominant ways for treatment and disposal of domestic waste in China. In the process of developing landfill technology in our country,much experience of technological development and practical has been drawn from advanced countries,and unconsciously ignored the characteristics of Chinese domestic waste,which has been identified to be with high contents of moisture and easily degradable organic matter. As a result,characteristic problems have been occurred during the operation of landfills,including clogging of the leachate collection system,accumulation of water in site,difficult treatment of leachate,and large release of NMOCs on the working surface. It is concluded that the problems are mainly caused by the incompatibility of China's domestic waste characteristics with current landfill regulations. To solve the above problems,it is not only to improve the characteristics of landfill by means of garbage classification and garbage pretreatment,explore suitable landfill methods for the characteristics of China's domestic waste,but also to strengthen basic research,review relevant standards and increase the investment of funds.
Landfill is one of the most predominant ways for treatment and disposal of domestic waste in China. In the process of developing landfill technology in our country,much experience of technological development and practical has been drawn from advanced countries,and unconsciously ignored the characteristics of Chinese domestic waste,which has been identified to be with high contents of moisture and easily degradable organic matter. As a result,characteristic problems have been occurred during the operation of landfills,including clogging of the leachate collection system,accumulation of water in site,difficult treatment of leachate,and large release of NMOCs on the working surface. It is concluded that the problems are mainly caused by the incompatibility of China's domestic waste characteristics with current landfill regulations. To solve the above problems,it is not only to improve the characteristics of landfill by means of garbage classification and garbage pretreatment,explore suitable landfill methods for the characteristics of China's domestic waste,but also to strengthen basic research,review relevant standards and increase the investment of funds.
引文
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[3] Nie Y F. Development and prospects of municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration in China[J]. Front Environ Sci Eng China,2008,2(1):1-7.
[4]王桂琴,张红玉,王典,等.北京市城区生活垃圾组成及特性分析[J].环境工程,2018,36(4):132-136.
[5]程炬,董晓丹.上海市生活垃圾理化特性浅析[J].环境卫生工程,2017,25(4):36-40.
[6]汤钟明.长沙市城市生活垃圾管理系统温室气体排放及其减排策略研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.
[7]刘育辰.四川省城市生活垃圾特性及其重金属污染分析[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.
[8]周晓强.沈阳市生活垃圾能源化利用模式研究[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2013.
[9]魏潇潇,王小铭,李蕾,等. 1979—2016年中国城市生活垃圾产生和处理时空特征[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(10):3833-3843.
[10]隋继超,黄少伟,方志成,等.基于渗滤液流量变化的卫生填埋场堵塞问题分析与实例[J].给水排水,2013,39(3):129-134.
[11] Liu Y L,Sun W X,Du B,et al. The physical clogging of the landfill leachate collection system in China:Based on filtration test and numerical modelling[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2018,15(2):318-332.
[12] Vangulck J F,Rowe R K. Influence of landfill leachate suspended solids on clog(biorock)formation[J]. Waste Manage,2004,24(7):723-738.
[13] Xing W,Lu W J,Zhao Y,et al. Environmental impact assessment of leachate recirculation in landfill of municipal solid waste by comparing with evaporation and discharge(EASEWASTE)[J]. Waste Manage,2013,33(2):382-389.
[14] Li R,Yue D B,Liu J G,et al. Size fractionation of organic matter and heavy metals in raw and treated leachate[J]. Waste Manage,2009,29(9):2527-2533.
[15]兰吉武.填埋场渗滤液产生、运移及水位雍高机理和控制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[16] Cebula J. Biogas purification by sorption techniques[J]. Archit Civ Eng Environ,2009,2:95-104.
[17]李昊,刘彦君,陈坦,等.填埋场作业面NMOCs臭氧生成潜势及高贡献物质[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4070-4077.
[18] Cossu R. From triangles to cycles[J]. Waste Manage,2009,29:2915-2917.