南洞庭湖沅江段鱼类资源调查
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摘要
南洞庭湖沅江段为我国重要通江湖泊洞庭湖的重要组成部分,为了解其鱼类资源现状,于2013年8月—2015年12月期间对南洞庭湖沅江段鱼类资源进行调查。共采集鱼类标本12 962尾,经鉴定共计66种,隶属于7目13科44属,鲤形目占调查区域鱼类种类的69.70%,鲇形目和鲈形目次之。区系分布主体以地理位置所处的华东区为主,兼有华南区、华西区、北方区和宁蒙区的区系组成部分,华东区特有种占总种数的24.24%。栖息习性以湖泊定居型为主,占总种数的80.30%;食性以杂食性为主;栖息水层以底层为主;鱼类多样性指数(H′)为2.32,均匀度指数(J)为0.55,相较洞庭湖其他湖区处中等水平。调查结果相较历史调查记录出现种类数大幅减少、经济鱼类小型化、洄游型鱼类减少的现象,呈现衰退趋势。
The Yuanjiang section of South Dongting Lake is an important part of Dongting Lake in China. In order to understand the current status of its fish resources, an investigation was conducted in the Yuanjiang section of South Dongting Lake from August 2013 to December 2015. A total of 12 962 fish specimens were collected. Sixty-six species were identified in these specimens, belonging to 44 genera, 13 families and 7 orders. Among these species, 69.70% were Cypriniformes, followed by Siluriformes and Perciformes. The geographical distribution of the regional system is mainly in East China, where endemic species account for24.24% of the total species, and is composed of the South China, West China, North China and Ning Meng regions. In addition, 80.30% of the fish species tend to inhabit in lakes. Most of them are omnivorous and live in the bottom layer of water. The fish diversity index(H′) and evenness index(J) in the lakes of this section were 2.32 and 0.55, respectively, which were at a moderate level compared with those of other lake re-gions in Dongting Lake. The investigation showed the reduced number of species, the miniaturization of eco-nomic fish stocks and the decline of migratory fish stocks as compared with the previous survey records, indicating the recession of fish resources in the Yuanjiang section of South Dongting Lake.
The Yuanjiang section of South Dongting Lake is an important part of Dongting Lake in China. In order to understand the current status of its fish resources, an investigation was conducted in the Yuanjiang section of South Dongting Lake from August 2013 to December 2015. A total of 12 962 fish specimens were collected. Sixty-six species were identified in these specimens, belonging to 44 genera, 13 families and 7 orders. Among these species, 69.70% were Cypriniformes, followed by Siluriformes and Perciformes. The geographical distribution of the regional system is mainly in East China, where endemic species account for24.24% of the total species, and is composed of the South China, West China, North China and Ning Meng regions. In addition, 80.30% of the fish species tend to inhabit in lakes. Most of them are omnivorous and live in the bottom layer of water. The fish diversity index(H′) and evenness index(J) in the lakes of this section were 2.32 and 0.55, respectively, which were at a moderate level compared with those of other lake re-gions in Dongting Lake. The investigation showed the reduced number of species, the miniaturization of eco-nomic fish stocks and the decline of migratory fish stocks as compared with the previous survey records, indicating the recession of fish resources in the Yuanjiang section of South Dongting Lake.
引文
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[2]湖南省水产科学研究所.湖南鱼类志[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社(Hunan Fisheries Science Institute.Fishery Fauna of Hunan[M].Changsha:Hunan People’s Publishing House),1977.
[3]刘正湘,刘光力.沅江县天然湖泊资源调查报告[J].当代水产(LIU Zheng-xiang,LIU Guang-li.Investigation report of natural lake resources in Yuanjiang county[J].Current Fisheries),1985,(6):39-41.
[4]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社(ZHANG Jue-min,HE Zhi-hui.Fisheries Natural Resources Survey Manual for Inland Waters[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press),1991:242-298.
[5]成庆泰,郑葆珊.中国鱼类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社(CHENG Qing-tai,ZHENG Bao-shan.Systematic Synopsis of Chinese Fishes[M].Beijing:Science Press),1987.
[6]张春光,赵亚辉,等.中国内陆鱼类物种与分布[M].北京:科学出版社(ZHANG Chun-guang,ZHAO Ya-hui,et al.Species Diversity and Distribution of Inland Fishes in China[M].Beijing:Science Press),2016.
[7]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性(MA Ke-ping,LIU Yu-ming.Measurement of biotic community diversity I:αdiversity(part2)[J].Biodiversity Science),1994,2(4):231-259.
[8]吴倩倩,石胜超,任锐君,等.湖南鱼类新纪录一种---湖北圆吻鲴[J].四川动物(WU Qian-qian,SHI Sheng-chao,RENRui-jun,et al.A new record of a species of fish from HunanDistoechodon hupeinensis[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology),2015,34(6):888.
[9]李思忠.中国淡水鱼类的分布区划[M].北京:科学出版社(LISi-zhong.Studies on Zoogeographical Divisions for Fresh Water Fishes of China[M].Beijing:Science Press),1981:32-125.
[10]叶富良,张建东.鱼类生态学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社(YE Fu-liang,ZHANG Jian-dong.Fish Ecology[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Higher Education Press),2002.
[11]茹辉军,刘学勤,黄向荣,等.大型通江湖泊洞庭湖的鱼类物种多样性及其时空变化[J].湖泊科学(RU Hui-jun,LIU Xueqin,HUANG Xiang-rong,et al.Diversity of fish species and its spatio-temporal variations in Lake Dongting,a large Yangtzeconnected lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(1):93-99.
[12]朱轶,吕偲,胡慧建,等.三峡大坝运行前后西洞庭湖鱼类群落结构特征变化[J].湖泊科学(ZHU Yi,L譈Cai,HU Hui-jian,et al.Changes in fish community structure in West Dongting Lake after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam[J].Journal of Lake Sciences),2014,26(6):844-852.
[13]王琦,欧伏平,张雷,等.三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析[J].长江流域资源与环境(WANG Qi,OU Fu-ping,ZHANG Lei,et al.Changes of water environment in Dongting Lake and its impact analysis after the Three Gorges project op eration[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin),2015,24(11):1843-1849.