尿素硝铵溶液对冬小麦产量及土壤无机氮含量的影响
|
摘要
采用田间试验,研究了尿素硝铵溶液(UAN)对河北省中低产田冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及氮素平衡的影响。研究结果表明:施用氮肥能够显著增加冬小麦的穗粒数,进而显著提高本区域冬小麦籽粒产量;等氮量的UAN和尿素处理下,小麦籽粒产量无明显差异;UAN减氮20%(80%OPT-UAN)处理下,冬小麦产量略有降低,但未达到显著水平;等氮量处理间冬小麦各氮肥利用率均无明显差异;80%OPT-UAN处理下的冬小麦氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均表现为最高,且氮肥偏生产力较OPT-UAN处理显著提高20.6%;同等氮素施用量下,与尿素相比,UAN处理的土壤氮素残留量较低,而植株吸氮量没有显著差异,由此推断整个土壤-作物系统的氮素损失量较高。综上,尿素硝铵溶液在本研究区的应用效果同尿素相近,本研究结果为河北平原区中低产麦田优化施肥及UAN的科学施用提供理论依据。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of Urea Ammonium Nitrate Solution(UAN)on winter wheat yield,N use efficiency and N balance in Hebei plain area of low and medium yields. The result showed that grain yield increased significantly by N fertilization,which was mainly due to the increase of grain number per panicle. With the application of UAN and Urea under the same N level,the grain yield had no significant difference. The yield of 80% UAN treatment was slightly reduced as compared with that of 100% UAN treatment,but not significant. With the same N level,N use efficiency had no significant differences among UAN and Urea treatments. While the N agronomy efficiency,N partial productivity and N use efficiency were all high in 80% UAN treatment,and the N partial productivity was 20.6% higher than that of OPT-UAN treatment. Compared with Urea treatment under the same N level,UAN treatment showed lower mineral N residual in soil but no significant N uptake in plant,thus leaded to the higher N loss in the entire soil-crop system. In conclusion,the application effects of UAN on winter wheat were similar to that of urea in the study,and the UAN synergistic agent needs further research.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of Urea Ammonium Nitrate Solution(UAN)on winter wheat yield,N use efficiency and N balance in Hebei plain area of low and medium yields. The result showed that grain yield increased significantly by N fertilization,which was mainly due to the increase of grain number per panicle. With the application of UAN and Urea under the same N level,the grain yield had no significant difference. The yield of 80% UAN treatment was slightly reduced as compared with that of 100% UAN treatment,but not significant. With the same N level,N use efficiency had no significant differences among UAN and Urea treatments. While the N agronomy efficiency,N partial productivity and N use efficiency were all high in 80% UAN treatment,and the N partial productivity was 20.6% higher than that of OPT-UAN treatment. Compared with Urea treatment under the same N level,UAN treatment showed lower mineral N residual in soil but no significant N uptake in plant,thus leaded to the higher N loss in the entire soil-crop system. In conclusion,the application effects of UAN on winter wheat were similar to that of urea in the study,and the UAN synergistic agent needs further research.
引文
[1]张卫峰，马林，黄高强，等．中国氮肥发展、贡献和挑战[J]．中国农业科学，2013,46(15):3161-3171.
[2] Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327:1008-1010.
[3]武良，张卫峰，陈新平，等．中国农田氮肥投入和生产效率[J]．中国土壤与肥料，2016,(4):76-82.
[4]谢建华，吴勇，杜森．推广节水农业技术，加快转变发展方式[J]．中国农技推广，2015,12(31):3-5.
[5]李传哲，许仙菊，马洪波，等．水肥一体化技术提供水肥利用率研究进展[J]．江苏农业学报，2017,33(2):469-475.
[6]冯元琦．关于我国推广液氨和氮溶液肥料之管窥[J]．化肥设计，2012,50(5):1-5.
[7]伍宏业，冯元琦，李志坚．我国生产和使用液体氮肥的时机已到[J]．化学工业，2012,30(4):5-7,16.
[8]王寅，徐卓，李博凝，等．尿素硝铵溶液对黑土区春玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2018,51(4):718-727.
[9]徐传银，刘巧，陆其通，等．水稻不同生育期喷施尿素硝铵溶液对产量和经济性状的影响[J]．现代农业科技，2015,18:17-18,21.
[10]牛长英，石荣媛，朱拥军，等．尿素硝铵溶液在棉花上的田间肥效示范[J]．新疆农垦科技，2017,(2):69-71.
[11] Hartmann T E,Yue S C,Schulz R,et al.Yield and N use efficiency of a maize-wheat cropping system as affected by different fertilizer management strategies in a farmer’s field of the North China Plain[J].Field Crops Research,2015,174:30-39.
[12]张琳，孙卓玲，马理，等．不同水氮条件下双氰胺（DCD）对温室黄瓜土壤氮素损失的影响[J]．植物营养与肥料学报，2015,21(1):128-137.
[13]鲍士旦．土壤农化分析[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2000.
[14]邹娟，鲁剑巍，陈防，等．冬油菜施氮的增产和养分吸收效应及氮肥利用率研究[J]．中国农业科学，2011,44(4):745-752.
[15]巨晓棠，刘学军，张福锁．冬小麦与夏玉米轮作体系中氮肥效应及氮素平衡研究[J]．中国农业科学，2002,34(11):1361-1368.
[16]巨晓棠，刘学军，邹国元，等．冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系中氮素的损失途径分析[J]．中国农业科学，2002,35(12):1493-1499.
[17]崔振岭，石立委，徐久飞，等．氮肥施用对冬小麦产量、品质和氮素表观损失的影响研究[J]．应用生态学报，2005,16(11):2071-2075.
[18] Sexton B T,Moncrief J F,Rosen C J,et al.Optimizing nitrogen and irrigation inputs for corn based on nitrate leaching and yield on a coarse-textured soil[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,27(5):982-992.
[19]刘欢，陈苗苗，孙志梅，等．氮肥调控对小麦/玉米产量、氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J]．华北农学报，2016,31(1):232-238.
[20]张运红，姚健，和爱玲，等．尿素硝铵溶液减量增效施用对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]．河南农业科学，2017,46(11):6-12.
[21]孙世友，刘孟朝，王凌，等．不同施氮措施对冬小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮积累的影响[J]．华北农学报，2010,25（增刊）：191-195.
[22]邢星，马旭．硝铵尿素液肥在酱用番茄上的田间肥效试验[J]．新疆农垦科技，2015,(2):40-41.
[23]陈健，宋春梅，刘云慧．黄淮海平原旱田氮素损失特征及其环境影响研究[J]．中国生态农业学报，2006,14(2):99-102.
[24] Malhi S S,Brandt S A,Ulrich D,et al.Accumulation and distribution of nitrate-nitrogen and extractable phosphorus in the soil profile under various alternative cropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2002,25(11):2499-2520.
[25]刘学军，巨晓棠，张福锁．减量施氮对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中氮利用与平衡的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2004,15(3):458-462.
[26]张树兰，同延安，梁冬丽，等．氮肥用量及施用时间对土体中硝态氮移动的影响[J]．土壤学报，2004,41(2):270-277.
[27]段文学，于振文，张永丽，等．施氮量对旱地小麦氮素吸收转运和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2012,45(15):3040-3048.
[28]李强，黄明，李友军，等．不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]．广东农业科学，2013,(13):68-71.
[29]黄明，段有强，李友军，等．不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦氮素几类和利用的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2013,27(6):290-304.
[2] Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327:1008-1010.
[3]武良，张卫峰，陈新平，等．中国农田氮肥投入和生产效率[J]．中国土壤与肥料，2016,(4):76-82.
[4]谢建华，吴勇，杜森．推广节水农业技术，加快转变发展方式[J]．中国农技推广，2015,12(31):3-5.
[5]李传哲，许仙菊，马洪波，等．水肥一体化技术提供水肥利用率研究进展[J]．江苏农业学报，2017,33(2):469-475.
[6]冯元琦．关于我国推广液氨和氮溶液肥料之管窥[J]．化肥设计，2012,50(5):1-5.
[7]伍宏业，冯元琦，李志坚．我国生产和使用液体氮肥的时机已到[J]．化学工业，2012,30(4):5-7,16.
[8]王寅，徐卓，李博凝，等．尿素硝铵溶液对黑土区春玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2018,51(4):718-727.
[9]徐传银，刘巧，陆其通，等．水稻不同生育期喷施尿素硝铵溶液对产量和经济性状的影响[J]．现代农业科技，2015,18:17-18,21.
[10]牛长英，石荣媛，朱拥军，等．尿素硝铵溶液在棉花上的田间肥效示范[J]．新疆农垦科技，2017,(2):69-71.
[11] Hartmann T E,Yue S C,Schulz R,et al.Yield and N use efficiency of a maize-wheat cropping system as affected by different fertilizer management strategies in a farmer’s field of the North China Plain[J].Field Crops Research,2015,174:30-39.
[12]张琳，孙卓玲，马理，等．不同水氮条件下双氰胺（DCD）对温室黄瓜土壤氮素损失的影响[J]．植物营养与肥料学报，2015,21(1):128-137.
[13]鲍士旦．土壤农化分析[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2000.
[14]邹娟，鲁剑巍，陈防，等．冬油菜施氮的增产和养分吸收效应及氮肥利用率研究[J]．中国农业科学，2011,44(4):745-752.
[15]巨晓棠，刘学军，张福锁．冬小麦与夏玉米轮作体系中氮肥效应及氮素平衡研究[J]．中国农业科学，2002,34(11):1361-1368.
[16]巨晓棠，刘学军，邹国元，等．冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系中氮素的损失途径分析[J]．中国农业科学，2002,35(12):1493-1499.
[17]崔振岭，石立委，徐久飞，等．氮肥施用对冬小麦产量、品质和氮素表观损失的影响研究[J]．应用生态学报，2005,16(11):2071-2075.
[18] Sexton B T,Moncrief J F,Rosen C J,et al.Optimizing nitrogen and irrigation inputs for corn based on nitrate leaching and yield on a coarse-textured soil[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,27(5):982-992.
[19]刘欢，陈苗苗，孙志梅，等．氮肥调控对小麦/玉米产量、氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J]．华北农学报，2016,31(1):232-238.
[20]张运红，姚健，和爱玲，等．尿素硝铵溶液减量增效施用对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]．河南农业科学，2017,46(11):6-12.
[21]孙世友，刘孟朝，王凌，等．不同施氮措施对冬小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮积累的影响[J]．华北农学报，2010,25（增刊）：191-195.
[22]邢星，马旭．硝铵尿素液肥在酱用番茄上的田间肥效试验[J]．新疆农垦科技，2015,(2):40-41.
[23]陈健，宋春梅，刘云慧．黄淮海平原旱田氮素损失特征及其环境影响研究[J]．中国生态农业学报，2006,14(2):99-102.
[24] Malhi S S,Brandt S A,Ulrich D,et al.Accumulation and distribution of nitrate-nitrogen and extractable phosphorus in the soil profile under various alternative cropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2002,25(11):2499-2520.
[25]刘学军，巨晓棠，张福锁．减量施氮对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中氮利用与平衡的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2004,15(3):458-462.
[26]张树兰，同延安，梁冬丽，等．氮肥用量及施用时间对土体中硝态氮移动的影响[J]．土壤学报，2004,41(2):270-277.
[27]段文学，于振文，张永丽，等．施氮量对旱地小麦氮素吸收转运和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2012,45(15):3040-3048.
[28]李强，黄明，李友军，等．不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]．广东农业科学，2013,(13):68-71.
[29]黄明，段有强，李友军，等．不同氮素形态配比对冬小麦氮素几类和利用的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2013,27(6):290-304.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |