秸秆和生物炭对砒砂岩与沙“复配土”稳定性的影响
|
摘要
本研究将不同有机物料添加到砒砂岩与沙体积比为1∶2的复配土中,试验设置4个处理,对照(不添加有机物料,CK)、单施秸秆(秸秆5%,T1)、单施生物炭(生物炭5%,T2)、配施生物炭和秸秆(生物炭5%+秸秆5%,T3),分别培养30 d后采集土壤样品,分析各处理的土壤需水量、团聚体粒径分布、水稳性团聚体稳定效率、平均重量直径、平均几何直径和分形维数等。研究结果表明:培养周期,四种处理的平均需水量以对照最高,且处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。各处理的团聚体百分含量(>0.25 mm)以CK最低,T3最高,趋势呈现为CK 分形维数的范围为2.79～2.89,表现趋势为T3 分形维数(y)与WR_(>0.25)(x)之间存在良好的线性方程关系,即为y=-0.002 8x-2.989 2,且R~2=0.93。研究综合分析,通过增加有机物料的施入可有效增加复配土稳定性,并且可改善结构,而且有机物料的混施后的改善效果更好。
In order to improve the quality of Mu Us sandy land, different organic materials were added into the soft rock and sand compound soil with volume ratio of 1:2. The experiments set 4 treatments, blank(no add, CK); straw(5%, T1); biochar(5%, T2); biochar + straw(5%, T3), soil samples were collected after 30 days. Soil water requirement, aggregate particle size distribution, stable efficiency of water-stable aggregate, average weight diameter, average geometric diameter and fractal dimension under the test setting were analyzed. The results showed that: The average water requirement of the four treatments was the highest in CK, and the difference between treatments were significant(P<0.05). The trend of agglomerates(>0.25 mm) percentage was CK < T1< T2< T3, and the stability index of the compound soil after adding organic materials was higher than the control, and the mixed materials improved stability index better than a single material. Dry sieve method and wet sieve method were used, the fractal dimension of different agglomerates was 2.79～2.89, and the performance trend was T3 < T2 < T1 < CK; there was a good linearity between fractal dimension(y) and WR>0.25(x). The equation relationship was y=-0.002 8x-2.989 2, R~2=0.93. The comprehensive research shows the application of organic materials can effectively increase the stability of the compound soil and improve the soil structure, and the mixed use of organic materials can improve the soil better.
In order to improve the quality of Mu Us sandy land, different organic materials were added into the soft rock and sand compound soil with volume ratio of 1:2. The experiments set 4 treatments, blank(no add, CK); straw(5%, T1); biochar(5%, T2); biochar + straw(5%, T3), soil samples were collected after 30 days. Soil water requirement, aggregate particle size distribution, stable efficiency of water-stable aggregate, average weight diameter, average geometric diameter and fractal dimension under the test setting were analyzed. The results showed that: The average water requirement of the four treatments was the highest in CK, and the difference between treatments were significant(P<0.05). The trend of agglomerates(>0.25 mm) percentage was CK < T1< T2< T3, and the stability index of the compound soil after adding organic materials was higher than the control, and the mixed materials improved stability index better than a single material. Dry sieve method and wet sieve method were used, the fractal dimension of different agglomerates was 2.79～2.89, and the performance trend was T3 < T2 < T1 < CK; there was a good linearity between fractal dimension(y) and WR>0.25(x). The equation relationship was y=-0.002 8x-2.989 2, R~2=0.93. The comprehensive research shows the application of organic materials can effectively increase the stability of the compound soil and improve the soil structure, and the mixed use of organic materials can improve the soil better.
引文
[1] 吴丹丹,蔡运龙.中国生态修复效果评价研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(4):622-628.
[2] 蒋一军,于海英,王晓霞.土地整理中生态环境影响评价的理论探讨[J].中国软科学,2004(10):131-134.
[3] 陈秀兰,何勇,张丹丹,等.中国森林生态修复与重建生态效益评价研究进展[J].林业经济问题,2008,28(3):192-196.
[4] 王博,丁国栋,顾小华,等.毛乌素沙地腹地植被修复效果初步研究一以内蒙古乌审旗为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):237-239.
[5] 卢剑波.农业生态系统的持续性及其评价指标[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):56-58.
[6] 陈云明,刘国彬.我国沙棘水土保持功能研究进展与展望[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(2):88-92
[7] 李娟,韩霁昌,李晓明.砒砂岩与沙复配成土对小麦光合生理和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,34(02):11-16.
[8] 张露,韩霁昌,马增辉,等.砒砂岩与沙复配“土壤”的质地性状[J].西北农业学报,2014(4):166-172.
[9] 刘艳,马茂华,吴胜军,等.干湿交替下土壤团聚体稳定性研究进展与展望[J].土壤,2018,50(05):4-16.
[10] 乔丹丹,吴名宇,张倩,等.秸秆还田与生物炭施用对黄褐土团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):92-99.
[11] 王欢元,韩霁昌,杜宜春,等.砒砂岩与沙复配成土技术简介及研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2015(12):160-161.
[12] 刘文利,吴景贵,傅民杰,等.种植年限对果园土壤团聚体分布与稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,28(1):129-135.
[13] 杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993(20):1896-1899.
[14] Lenka N K,Lal R.Soil aggregation and greenhouse gas flux after 15 years of wheat straw and fertilizer management in a no-till system[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2013,126(none):78-89.
[15] LIU Z,CHEN X,JING Y,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on rapeseed and sweet potato yields and water stable aggregate in upland red soil[J].Catena,2014,123:45-51.
[16] 王道涵,邢聪慧,梅傲雪,等.生物炭改良风沙土对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2018,37(5):816-823.
[17] TISDALL J M,OADES J M.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,1982,33(2):141-163.
[18] ZORNOZA R,ACOSTA J A,FAZ A,et al.Microbial growth and community structure in acid mine soils after addition of different amendments for soil reclamation[J].Geoderma,2016(272):64-72.
[19] Hansen V,Müller-Stever,Dorette,et al.The effect of straw and wood gasification biochar on carbon sequestration,selected soil fertility indicators and functional groups in soil:An incubation study[J].Geoderma,2016(269):99-107.
[20] ZHANG M,CHENG G,FENG H,et al.Effects of straw and bio-char amendments on aggregate stability,soil organic carbon,and enzyme activities in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2017,24 (11):1-13.
[21] 何玉亭,王昌全,沈杰,等.两种生物质炭对红壤团聚体结构稳定性和微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2333-2342.
[22] 黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用.土壤学报,2002,39(4):490-496.
[23] Anderson A N,Mcbratney A B.Soil aggregates as mass fractals.Australian Journal of Soil Research,1995(33):757-772.
[24] Guber A K,Pachepsky Y A,Levkovsky E V.Fractal mass-size scaling of wetting soil aggregates.Ecological Modelling,2005(182):317-322.
[25] 张鹏,贾志宽,王维,等.秸秆还田对宁南半干旱地区土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(8):1513-1520.
[2] 蒋一军,于海英,王晓霞.土地整理中生态环境影响评价的理论探讨[J].中国软科学,2004(10):131-134.
[3] 陈秀兰,何勇,张丹丹,等.中国森林生态修复与重建生态效益评价研究进展[J].林业经济问题,2008,28(3):192-196.
[4] 王博,丁国栋,顾小华,等.毛乌素沙地腹地植被修复效果初步研究一以内蒙古乌审旗为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):237-239.
[5] 卢剑波.农业生态系统的持续性及其评价指标[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):56-58.
[6] 陈云明,刘国彬.我国沙棘水土保持功能研究进展与展望[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(2):88-92
[7] 李娟,韩霁昌,李晓明.砒砂岩与沙复配成土对小麦光合生理和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,34(02):11-16.
[8] 张露,韩霁昌,马增辉,等.砒砂岩与沙复配“土壤”的质地性状[J].西北农业学报,2014(4):166-172.
[9] 刘艳,马茂华,吴胜军,等.干湿交替下土壤团聚体稳定性研究进展与展望[J].土壤,2018,50(05):4-16.
[10] 乔丹丹,吴名宇,张倩,等.秸秆还田与生物炭施用对黄褐土团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):92-99.
[11] 王欢元,韩霁昌,杜宜春,等.砒砂岩与沙复配成土技术简介及研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2015(12):160-161.
[12] 刘文利,吴景贵,傅民杰,等.种植年限对果园土壤团聚体分布与稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,28(1):129-135.
[13] 杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993(20):1896-1899.
[14] Lenka N K,Lal R.Soil aggregation and greenhouse gas flux after 15 years of wheat straw and fertilizer management in a no-till system[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2013,126(none):78-89.
[15] LIU Z,CHEN X,JING Y,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on rapeseed and sweet potato yields and water stable aggregate in upland red soil[J].Catena,2014,123:45-51.
[16] 王道涵,邢聪慧,梅傲雪,等.生物炭改良风沙土对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2018,37(5):816-823.
[17] TISDALL J M,OADES J M.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,1982,33(2):141-163.
[18] ZORNOZA R,ACOSTA J A,FAZ A,et al.Microbial growth and community structure in acid mine soils after addition of different amendments for soil reclamation[J].Geoderma,2016(272):64-72.
[19] Hansen V,Müller-Stever,Dorette,et al.The effect of straw and wood gasification biochar on carbon sequestration,selected soil fertility indicators and functional groups in soil:An incubation study[J].Geoderma,2016(269):99-107.
[20] ZHANG M,CHENG G,FENG H,et al.Effects of straw and bio-char amendments on aggregate stability,soil organic carbon,and enzyme activities in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2017,24 (11):1-13.
[21] 何玉亭,王昌全,沈杰,等.两种生物质炭对红壤团聚体结构稳定性和微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2333-2342.
[22] 黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用.土壤学报,2002,39(4):490-496.
[23] Anderson A N,Mcbratney A B.Soil aggregates as mass fractals.Australian Journal of Soil Research,1995(33):757-772.
[24] Guber A K,Pachepsky Y A,Levkovsky E V.Fractal mass-size scaling of wetting soil aggregates.Ecological Modelling,2005(182):317-322.
[25] 张鹏,贾志宽,王维,等.秸秆还田对宁南半干旱地区土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(8):1513-1520.