现代生物技术在海洋功能性食品开发中的应用
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摘要
海洋功能性食品是以海洋生物资源为原料开发的具有多种生理活性的功能性食品,其开发已成为实现海洋生物资源高效利用的重要途径之一。近几年来,随着现代生物技术的快速发展和进步,对海洋资源的探究越来越深入,在海洋功能性食品的研发方面取得了较大的进展。本文主要介绍了现代生物技术如发酵工程、基因工程、酶工程、蛋白质工程、代谢工程等在海洋功能性食品如脂质功能食品、活性糖功能食品、多肽功能食品及角鲨烯、虾青素开发中的应用,为现代生物技术在海洋功能性食品领域的应用提供参考。同时指出了海洋功能性食品开发中存在的构效关系不明确、效率低下等问题,并提出为进一步加快海洋功能性食品的开发与应用,需要加强对海洋生物新型代谢途径的探索,加深对海洋生物活性成分机理的分析,开发更加快速高效的制备海洋功能性食品的方法。
Marine functional foods are developed from marine biological resources, which exhibited a variety of physiological activities. Development of marine functional foods has become one of the most important ways to realize marine biological resources efficient utilization. In recent years, with the development of ocean exploration, great progress has been made in the research and development of marine functional foods. In this article, the application of modern biotechnology(including fermentation engineering, genetic engineering, enzymatic engineering, protein engineering and metabolic engineering) in the development of marine functional food including lipid functional foods, active sugar functional foods, peptide functional foods, and squalene and astaxanthin was reviewed, which may provide reference for the application of modern biotechnology in the field of marine functional foods. In addition, the problems were pointed out in the development of marine functional foods, such as unclear structure-activity relationship and low efficiency. It was also proposed that in order to further accelerate the development and application of marine functional foods, it was necessary to strengthen the exploration of new metabolic pathways, deepen the analysis of the mechanism of active components of marine organisms, and explore a faster and more efficient method to prepare marine functional foods.
Marine functional foods are developed from marine biological resources, which exhibited a variety of physiological activities. Development of marine functional foods has become one of the most important ways to realize marine biological resources efficient utilization. In recent years, with the development of ocean exploration, great progress has been made in the research and development of marine functional foods. In this article, the application of modern biotechnology(including fermentation engineering, genetic engineering, enzymatic engineering, protein engineering and metabolic engineering) in the development of marine functional food including lipid functional foods, active sugar functional foods, peptide functional foods, and squalene and astaxanthin was reviewed, which may provide reference for the application of modern biotechnology in the field of marine functional foods. In addition, the problems were pointed out in the development of marine functional foods, such as unclear structure-activity relationship and low efficiency. It was also proposed that in order to further accelerate the development and application of marine functional foods, it was necessary to strengthen the exploration of new metabolic pathways, deepen the analysis of the mechanism of active components of marine organisms, and explore a faster and more efficient method to prepare marine functional foods.
引文
[1]董诗婷，陈弘培，赵慧，等.海洋生物功能性脂类的研究进展[J].农产品加工，2017,13:65-70.
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[3]张荣彬，唐旭.中国海洋食品开发利用及其产业发展现状与趋势[J].食品与机械，2017,33(1):2219-2222.
[4]周泽华，徐莹.利用海洋生物资源制作发酵食品的现状与设想[J].南通航运职业技术学院学报，2018,17(1):39-41.
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[6]刘国艳，张田田，王金星，等.酶法富集小黄鱼内脏鱼油中EPA和DHA甘油酯[J].食品科学，2014,35(24):91-95.
[7]朱东奇，李道明，王卫飞，等.重组米根霉脂肪酶的酶学性质及其催化水解鳀鱼油富集DHA的研究[J].粮油食品科技，2016,24(6):21-25.
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[9]GEMPERLEIN K,ZIPF G,BERNAUER H S,et al.Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of docosahexaenoic acid based on a my xobacter ial PU FA sy nt hase[J].Met abolic Engineering,2016,33:98-108.
[10]CHO C H,SHIN W S,WOO D W,et al.Growth medium sterilization using decomposition of peracetic acid for more cost-eff icient production of omega-3 fatty acids by Aurantiochytrium[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2018,41(6):803-809.
[11]刘红全，林小园，潘艺华.小球藻的甲基磺酸乙酯诱变及产EPA的条件研究[J].广西植物，2016,36(3):355-360.
[12]SHANG Q S,JIANG H,CAI C,et al.Gut microbiota fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology:an overview[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2018,179:173-185.
[13]郭燕茹，司慧，赵黎明.神奇的甲壳素[J].食品与生活，2017(10):6-11.
[14]MELO G,CASETT E,STUGINSKI-BARBOSA J,et al.Effects of glucosamine supplements on painful temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis:a systematic review[J].Journal of Oral Rehabilitation,2018,45(5):414-422.
[15]李丽，刘峰，朱亚珠，等.蟹肉罐头加工下脚料甲壳素生产新工艺研究[J].食品工业，2018(7):97-102.
[16]LUO L,WU M Y,XU L,et al.Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides from three sea cucumbers[J].Marine Drugs,2013,11(12):399-417.
[17]杨晓雪，董学前，张永刚，等.复合酶法高效提取海带中褐藻糖胶[J].食品工业科技，2017(6):142-146.
[18]REGEL E K,WEIKERT T,NIEHUES A,et al.Protein-engineering of chitosanase from Bacillus sp.MN to alter its substrate specificity[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2018,115(4):863-873.
[19]许旻，乔琨，路海霞，等.海洋多肽功能活性与氨基酸组成的研究进展[J].渔业研究，2017,39(6):502-508.
[20]万婧倞，王青华，唐旭，等.中性蛋白酶酶解海洋鱼鳞蛋白的工艺条件[J].湖南饲料，2018(1):29-32.
[21]刘建伟，梁文文，熊善柏，等.响应面法优化鲢鱼皮抗氧化肽的混合酶解工艺[J].食品工业，2018(3):157-161.
[22]陈应运，于佳，胡迎芬，等.发酵法制备蛤蜊ACE抑制肽的菌种筛选[J].核农学报，2017,31(10):1986-1992.
[23]高洁，高翔，于佳，等.纳豆菌发酵扇贝裙边制备ACE抑制肽的工艺优化[J].现代食品科技，2018,34(11):165-175.
[24]王宝琴，任丽丽.角鲨烯的来源及其制备方法研究进展[J].食品研究与开发，2015,36(21):193-197.
[25]王晓龙，谭延振，候路宽，等.利用响应面法优化海洋微生物发酵产角鲨烯的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版），2016,46(4):89-95.
[26]GARAIOVA M,ZAMBOJOVA V,SIMOVA Z,et al.Squalene epoxidase as a target for manipulation of squalene levels in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].FEMS Yeast Research,2014,14(2):310-323.
[27]ENGLUND E,PATTANAIK B,UBHAYASEKERA S J K,et al.Production of squalene in Synechocystis sp.PCC6803[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):E90270.
[28]XU W,CHAI C B,SHAO L Q,et al.Metabolic engineering of Rhodopseudomonas palustris for squalene production[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2016,43(5):719-725.
[29]KATABAMI A,LI L,IWASAKI M,et al.Production of squalene by squalene synthases and their truncated mutants in Escherichia coli[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioenqineering,2015,119(2):165-171.
[30]MAO X Z,LIU Z,SUN J N,et al.Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of mar ine bioactive compou nds[J].Biotechnology Advances,2017,35(8):1004-1021.
[31]杜春影，乔乐克，李先玉，等.生物酶法制备游离虾青素的工艺研究[J].食品工业，2018,39(4):184-188.
[32]冯兴标，李光伟，陈丹阳，等.小球藻表达β胡萝卜素酮化酶基因提高虾青素的量[J].合肥工业大学学报，2019,42(2):267-272.
[33]ALBERS S C.Metabolic engineering of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystissp.PCC6803 for the production of astaxanthin[D].Fort Collins:Colorado State University.
[34]HENKE N A,HEIDER S A E,PETERS-WENDISCH P,et al.Production of the marine carotenoid astaxanthin by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum[J].Marine Drugs,2016,14(7):124.DOI:10.3390/md14070124.
[35]YE J R,LIU M M,HE M X,et al.Illustrating and enhancing the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in Aurantiochytrium sp.SK4[J].Marine Drugs,2019,17(1):45.
[2]朱蓓薇．聚焦营养与健康，创新发展海洋食品产业[J]．轻工学报，2016,32(1):1-6．
[3]张荣彬，唐旭.中国海洋食品开发利用及其产业发展现状与趋势[J].食品与机械，2017,33(1):2219-2222.
[4]周泽华，徐莹.利用海洋生物资源制作发酵食品的现状与设想[J].南通航运职业技术学院学报，2018,17(1):39-41.
[5]GONG Y M,WAN X,JIANG M L,et al.Metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce omega-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2014,56:19-35.
[6]刘国艳，张田田，王金星，等.酶法富集小黄鱼内脏鱼油中EPA和DHA甘油酯[J].食品科学，2014,35(24):91-95.
[7]朱东奇，李道明，王卫飞，等.重组米根霉脂肪酶的酶学性质及其催化水解鳀鱼油富集DHA的研究[J].粮油食品科技，2016,24(6):21-25.
[8]AMIRI-JAMI M,ABDELHAMID A G,HAZAA M,et al.Recombinant production of omega-3 fatty acids by probiotic E.coli Nissle 1917[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2015,362(20).DOI:10.1093/femsle/fnv166.
[9]GEMPERLEIN K,ZIPF G,BERNAUER H S,et al.Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of docosahexaenoic acid based on a my xobacter ial PU FA sy nt hase[J].Met abolic Engineering,2016,33:98-108.
[10]CHO C H,SHIN W S,WOO D W,et al.Growth medium sterilization using decomposition of peracetic acid for more cost-eff icient production of omega-3 fatty acids by Aurantiochytrium[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2018,41(6):803-809.
[11]刘红全，林小园，潘艺华.小球藻的甲基磺酸乙酯诱变及产EPA的条件研究[J].广西植物，2016,36(3):355-360.
[12]SHANG Q S,JIANG H,CAI C,et al.Gut microbiota fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology:an overview[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2018,179:173-185.
[13]郭燕茹，司慧，赵黎明.神奇的甲壳素[J].食品与生活，2017(10):6-11.
[14]MELO G,CASETT E,STUGINSKI-BARBOSA J,et al.Effects of glucosamine supplements on painful temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis:a systematic review[J].Journal of Oral Rehabilitation,2018,45(5):414-422.
[15]李丽，刘峰，朱亚珠，等.蟹肉罐头加工下脚料甲壳素生产新工艺研究[J].食品工业，2018(7):97-102.
[16]LUO L,WU M Y,XU L,et al.Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides from three sea cucumbers[J].Marine Drugs,2013,11(12):399-417.
[17]杨晓雪，董学前，张永刚，等.复合酶法高效提取海带中褐藻糖胶[J].食品工业科技，2017(6):142-146.
[18]REGEL E K,WEIKERT T,NIEHUES A,et al.Protein-engineering of chitosanase from Bacillus sp.MN to alter its substrate specificity[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2018,115(4):863-873.
[19]许旻，乔琨，路海霞，等.海洋多肽功能活性与氨基酸组成的研究进展[J].渔业研究，2017,39(6):502-508.
[20]万婧倞，王青华，唐旭，等.中性蛋白酶酶解海洋鱼鳞蛋白的工艺条件[J].湖南饲料，2018(1):29-32.
[21]刘建伟，梁文文，熊善柏，等.响应面法优化鲢鱼皮抗氧化肽的混合酶解工艺[J].食品工业，2018(3):157-161.
[22]陈应运，于佳，胡迎芬，等.发酵法制备蛤蜊ACE抑制肽的菌种筛选[J].核农学报，2017,31(10):1986-1992.
[23]高洁，高翔，于佳，等.纳豆菌发酵扇贝裙边制备ACE抑制肽的工艺优化[J].现代食品科技，2018,34(11):165-175.
[24]王宝琴，任丽丽.角鲨烯的来源及其制备方法研究进展[J].食品研究与开发，2015,36(21):193-197.
[25]王晓龙，谭延振，候路宽，等.利用响应面法优化海洋微生物发酵产角鲨烯的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版），2016,46(4):89-95.
[26]GARAIOVA M,ZAMBOJOVA V,SIMOVA Z,et al.Squalene epoxidase as a target for manipulation of squalene levels in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].FEMS Yeast Research,2014,14(2):310-323.
[27]ENGLUND E,PATTANAIK B,UBHAYASEKERA S J K,et al.Production of squalene in Synechocystis sp.PCC6803[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):E90270.
[28]XU W,CHAI C B,SHAO L Q,et al.Metabolic engineering of Rhodopseudomonas palustris for squalene production[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2016,43(5):719-725.
[29]KATABAMI A,LI L,IWASAKI M,et al.Production of squalene by squalene synthases and their truncated mutants in Escherichia coli[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioenqineering,2015,119(2):165-171.
[30]MAO X Z,LIU Z,SUN J N,et al.Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of mar ine bioactive compou nds[J].Biotechnology Advances,2017,35(8):1004-1021.
[31]杜春影，乔乐克，李先玉，等.生物酶法制备游离虾青素的工艺研究[J].食品工业，2018,39(4):184-188.
[32]冯兴标，李光伟，陈丹阳，等.小球藻表达β胡萝卜素酮化酶基因提高虾青素的量[J].合肥工业大学学报，2019,42(2):267-272.
[33]ALBERS S C.Metabolic engineering of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystissp.PCC6803 for the production of astaxanthin[D].Fort Collins:Colorado State University.
[34]HENKE N A,HEIDER S A E,PETERS-WENDISCH P,et al.Production of the marine carotenoid astaxanthin by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum[J].Marine Drugs,2016,14(7):124.DOI:10.3390/md14070124.
[35]YE J R,LIU M M,HE M X,et al.Illustrating and enhancing the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid in Aurantiochytrium sp.SK4[J].Marine Drugs,2019,17(1):45.