镇域发展研究进展与展望
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摘要
镇是中国的基层行政区域单位,镇域是县域和城乡发展的重要尺度单元。文章首先对镇的相关概念与功能进行分析,然后重点梳理国内外关于镇域发展研究的主要成果。在经济发展方面,学界就镇域产业经济发展特征、机制及如何保持镇域经济活力等开展了系列研究,横向的产业、格局类研究成果较多,但纵向的全景变化及机制的研究相对薄弱;在空间重构方面,空间规划、农村居民点布局优化、中心村镇建设等得到持续关注,但缺乏对不同类型农户和社区重构过程及发展动态的深入研究;在社会管理方面,公共服务供给与公众参与机制逐渐受到重视,而对于公共服务供给能力、公共事务治理能力提升路径的研究仍较薄弱;在资源环境方面,开展了镇域土地利用、景观生态、土地整治及其效应等相关研究,但对于镇域发展规模、产业类型特征与资源环境效应的基本关系仍不明晰,对镇域系统的资源环境效率缺乏综合认知。在新时代的新型城镇化、乡村振兴和生态文明建设过程中,镇域对于区域和城乡可持续发展的作用将更加关键。应着力加强镇域人地系统演化过程与机制、镇域空间重构与乡村振兴、镇域社会管理制度与治理模式、镇域资源环境效应优化调控及镇域发展新情况与新问题研究,以更好地服务于上述国家重大战略。
As a bridge and link between urban and rural areas, town plays an important role in sharing urban functions and boosting rural development. Based on the systematic analysis of the existing literatures, this paper collated and analyzed the related concepts and functions of town, and then sorted out the main research results of the domestic and foreign academic community on the development of the township system. In terms of economic development, a series of studies has been carried out on the characteristics, mechanisms of the township's industrial economy and how to maintain the town economic vitality. In terms of spatial reconstruction and planning, optimization of rural settlements layout, and construction of central villages and towns have received increasing attention. In terms of social management, more and more attention has been paid to the study of public service provision and public participation mechanisms. In terms of resources and environment, much efforts have been made on land use, landscape ecology, land consolidation and their effects on the township system. This paper suggests more attention should be paid to strengthen the process and mechanism of the evolution of the human-environment system of township, the township spatial reconstruction and the rural revitalization, the social governance systems and models in the township, the optimization and control of the resources and environmental effects of township, and the new situation and new problems of township development, so as to better serve the major national strategies of new urbanization, rural revitalization and the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.
As a bridge and link between urban and rural areas, town plays an important role in sharing urban functions and boosting rural development. Based on the systematic analysis of the existing literatures, this paper collated and analyzed the related concepts and functions of town, and then sorted out the main research results of the domestic and foreign academic community on the development of the township system. In terms of economic development, a series of studies has been carried out on the characteristics, mechanisms of the township's industrial economy and how to maintain the town economic vitality. In terms of spatial reconstruction and planning, optimization of rural settlements layout, and construction of central villages and towns have received increasing attention. In terms of social management, more and more attention has been paid to the study of public service provision and public participation mechanisms. In terms of resources and environment, much efforts have been made on land use, landscape ecology, land consolidation and their effects on the township system. This paper suggests more attention should be paid to strengthen the process and mechanism of the evolution of the human-environment system of township, the township spatial reconstruction and the rural revitalization, the social governance systems and models in the township, the optimization and control of the resources and environmental effects of township, and the new situation and new problems of township development, so as to better serve the major national strategies of new urbanization, rural revitalization and the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.
引文
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[44]李海燕,李建伟,权东计.迁村并点实现区域空间整合——以长安子午镇规划为例[J].城市规划,2005,29(5):41-44.
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[2]赵晖,等.说清小城镇——全国121个小城镇详细调查[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017.
[3]赵新平,周一星.改革以来中国城市化道路及城市化理论研究述评[J].中国社会科学,2002(2):132-138.
[4]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.
[5]蒋惠英.集镇商业问题讨论会综述[J].中国农村经济,1985(10):62-64.
[6]崔彩贤,张忠潮,杨学军.城镇体系序列中集镇问题的新认识[J].西北大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2011,41(4):69-73.
[7]浦善新.中国建制镇的形成发展与展望(一)[J].小城镇建设,1997(3):42-45.
[8]费孝通.费孝通论小城镇建设[M].北京:群言出版社,2000.
[9] Vaishar A,ZapletalováJ. Small towns as centers of rural microregions[J]. European Countryside,2009,1(2):70-81.
[10] Van Leeuwen E S. Urban-rural Interactions:Towns as Focus Points in Rural Development[M]. London:Physica-Verlag,2010.
[11]刘彦随,陈聪,李玉恒.中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(6):1-6.
[12] Halseth G. Resource town employment:perceptions in small town British Columbia[J]. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie,1999,90(2):196-210.
[13] Binns T,Nel E. The Village in a Game Park:Local response to the demise of coal mining in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa[J].Economic Geography,2003,79(1),41-66.
[14] Pritchard B,Argent N,Baum S,et al. Local-if possible:how the spatial networking of economic relations amongst farm enterprises aids small town survival in rural Australia[J]. Regional Studies,2012,46(4):539-557.
[15] Tonts M,Plummer P,Lawrie M. Socio-economic wellbeing in Australian mining towns:A comparative analysis[J]. Journal of Rural Studies,2012,28(3):288-301.
[16]祝艳.加快镇域经济发展的几点思考[J].理论学习,2006(10):37.
[17]魏后凯.我国镇域经济科学发展研究[J].江海学刊,2010(2):80-86,238-239.
[18]赵鹏军,刘迪.中国小城镇基础设施与社会经济发展的关联分析[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(9):1 245-1 256.
[19]丁志伟,张改素,王发曾.郑州都市区镇域经济差异的空间分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(7):29-35.
[20]蒋海兵,徐建刚,商硕.江苏沿海乡镇经济差异的空间分析[J].经济地理,2010,30(6):998-1 004.
[21]乔家君,赵德华.河南省百强镇时空演化特征及其影响环境[J].经济地理,2008,28(2):255-260,282.
[22]李国平,宋昌耀,孙瑀.中国县域小城镇就业岗位对人口集聚的影响研究——基于分位数回归的实证检验[J].地理科学,2017,37(12):1 785-1 794.
[23]薛德升,许学强,陈浩光.珠江三角洲镇域乡镇工业发展及其地方经济影响研究——以顺德市北窑镇为例[J].人文地理,1998(4):39-43.
[24] Shen L Y,Chen Y,Li H et al. Development orientations for attracting investments:A perspective of less-developed townships in China[J]. Cities,2018,76:84-95.
[25]杜宁,赵民.发达地区乡镇产业集群与小城镇互动发展研究[J].国际城市规划,2011,26(1):28-36.
[26] Yang C,Liao H. Industrial agglomeration of Hong Kong and Taiwanese manufacturing investment in China:a town-level analysis in Dongguan[J]. The Annals of Regional Science,2010,45(3):487-517.
[27] Qian J X,Feng D,Zhu H. Tourism-driven urbanization in China’s small town development:A case study of Zhapo Town,1986-2003[J]. Habitat International,2012,36(1):152-160.
[28] Zhao X B,Wong K K. The sustainability dilemma of China’s township and village enterprises:an analysis from spatial and functional perspectives[J]. Journal of Rural Studies,2012,18(3):257-273.
[29]周扬,朱喜钢,郭紫雨,等.从“三集中”到“有机集中”:对苏南小城镇工业用地集聚集约发展的再思考——以常州市礼嘉镇为例[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(4):18-26.
[30]李强.特色小镇是浙江创新发展的战略选择[J].今日浙江,2015(24):16-19.
[31]张立,白郁欣. 403个国家(培育)特色小城镇的特征分析及若干讨论[J].小城镇建设,2018,36(9):20-30.
[32] Zou Y H,Zhao W X. Searching for a new dynamic of industrialization and urbanization:anatomy of China’s characteristic town program[J]. Urban Geography. 2018,39(7),1 060-1 069.
[33] Clout H D. Rural Geography:An Introductory Survey[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1972.
[34] Cloke P. Key Settlements in Rural Areas[M]. London:Methuen,1979.
[35] Antrop M. Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,67(1):9-26.
[36] Knight J. Town-making in rural Japan:an example from Wakayama[J]. Journal of Rural Studies,1994,10(3):249-261.
[37] Daniels T L,Lapping M B. Small town triage:a rural settlement policy for the American Midwest[J]. Journal of Rural Studies,1987,3(3):273-280.
[38]王万茂.定性定量定位定序——关于乡(镇)土地利用规划思路的新思考[J].中国土地,2002(6):22-24.
[39]王茂林.新加坡新镇规划及其启示[J].城市规划,2009,33(8):43-51,58,101.
[40]刘德云.参与型旅游小镇规划模式研究——以金门金湖镇为例[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(9):73-79.
[41]徐克帅,赵永宏,李裕瑞.县域生活圈中心村镇选择与发展——以河南省郸城县为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(10):132-137.
[42]谢炳庚,曾晓妹,李晓青,等.乡镇土地利用规划中农村居民点用地空间布局优化研究——以衡南县廖田镇为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(10):1 700-1 705.
[43]刘耀林,范建彬,李楚琪,等.基于改进引力模型的镇域村镇等级体系定量化研究[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(1):158-165.
[44]李海燕,李建伟,权东计.迁村并点实现区域空间整合——以长安子午镇规划为例[J].城市规划,2005,29(5):41-44.
[45]龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1 019-1 028.
[46] Besser T L. Changes in small town social capital and civic engagement[J]. Journal of Rural Studies,2009,25(2):185-193.
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