不同配方叶面肥对苹果光合特性日变化规律的影响
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摘要
为了筛选能适用于新疆阿克苏地区苹果树喷施的叶面肥配方,从而为当地苹果树的合理施肥与科学管理提供参考依据,设计了4种配方叶面肥的喷施处理,以喷施清水作为对照(CK),就不同配方叶面肥处理对苹果树光合特性的影响情况进行了试验,并对各处理苹果树叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔限制值(L_s)等指标进行了测定与分析。测定结果表明:除了配方Ⅱ叶面肥处理外,其余各处理(含CK)的苹果树叶片的净光合速率(P_n)均呈"单峰"曲线的变化趋势;其蒸腾速率(T_r)亦均呈"单峰"曲线的变化趋势;而其胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)均呈不规则的"W"型曲线的变化趋势;其水分利用效率(WUE)则呈"U"型曲线的变化趋势,其最低值出现在15:00时左右。相关性分析结果表明:P_n与WUE、T_r与G_s之间均呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),而C_i与L_s间呈极显著负相关(P <0.01),P_n与T_r、G_s之间均呈显著正相关(P <0.05)。主成分分析结果表明:各光合参数特征向量值的绝对值由高到低依次为WUE、L_s、P_n、G_s、C_i和T_r;从此6个光合参数中提取出了特征根> 1的主成分2个,其累计贡献率达95.592%;根据综合评分可知,各配方叶面肥对苹果树光合特性的影响大小依次为:配方Ⅰ>配方Ⅳ>配方Ⅱ>配方Ⅲ> CK。
In order to select suitable foliar fertilizer formulas for apple in Aksu area of Xinjiang, and provide some scientific bases for reasonable fertilization and scitienfic management of local apple trees, spraying processing of four foliar fertilizer formulas were set, effects of different foliar fertilizer treatments on photosynthetic characteristics in apple trees were tested by using spraying water as CK. Some indexes were determined and analyzed including net photosynthetic rate(P_n), transpiration rate(T_r), intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i), stomatal conductance(G_s), water use efficiency(WUE), stomatal limit value(L_s) and so on. The results showed that: except the formula Ⅱ of foliar fertilizer treatment, photosynthetic rate(P_n) under the other treatments(including CK) was a single-peak curve. Transpiration rate(T_r) was a single-peak curve. Intercellular concentration(C_i) appeared a irregular W-type curve. Water use efficiency(WUE) showed a U-type curve, and the minimum values occured about at 15:00. The results of correlation analysis showed that, P_n was extremely significant positive correlated with WUE, T_r was extremely significant positive correlated with G_s(P < 0.01), C_i was extremely significant negative correlated with L_s(P < 0.01), and P_n was significantly positive correlated with T_r and G_s(P < 0.05). The results of principle component analysis showed that, the order of the indexes based on absolute values of eigenvector values from high to low was WUE, L_s, P_n, G_s, C_i, T_r. Two principal components with eigenvalue > 1 were extracted from six photosynthetic parameters, and their cumulative contribution rate reached95.592%. Based on comprehensive scores, effects of each foliar fertilization formula on photosynthetic characteristics in apple trees from strong to weak was formula Ⅰ> formula Ⅳ> formula Ⅱ> formula Ⅲ> CK.
In order to select suitable foliar fertilizer formulas for apple in Aksu area of Xinjiang, and provide some scientific bases for reasonable fertilization and scitienfic management of local apple trees, spraying processing of four foliar fertilizer formulas were set, effects of different foliar fertilizer treatments on photosynthetic characteristics in apple trees were tested by using spraying water as CK. Some indexes were determined and analyzed including net photosynthetic rate(P_n), transpiration rate(T_r), intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i), stomatal conductance(G_s), water use efficiency(WUE), stomatal limit value(L_s) and so on. The results showed that: except the formula Ⅱ of foliar fertilizer treatment, photosynthetic rate(P_n) under the other treatments(including CK) was a single-peak curve. Transpiration rate(T_r) was a single-peak curve. Intercellular concentration(C_i) appeared a irregular W-type curve. Water use efficiency(WUE) showed a U-type curve, and the minimum values occured about at 15:00. The results of correlation analysis showed that, P_n was extremely significant positive correlated with WUE, T_r was extremely significant positive correlated with G_s(P < 0.01), C_i was extremely significant negative correlated with L_s(P < 0.01), and P_n was significantly positive correlated with T_r and G_s(P < 0.05). The results of principle component analysis showed that, the order of the indexes based on absolute values of eigenvector values from high to low was WUE, L_s, P_n, G_s, C_i, T_r. Two principal components with eigenvalue > 1 were extracted from six photosynthetic parameters, and their cumulative contribution rate reached95.592%. Based on comprehensive scores, effects of each foliar fertilization formula on photosynthetic characteristics in apple trees from strong to weak was formula Ⅰ> formula Ⅳ> formula Ⅱ> formula Ⅲ> CK.
引文
[1]王娜,李建贵.干旱区套袋红富士苹果的品质特征研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(6):1022-1027.
[2]张付春,潘明启,麦麦提阿卜拉·麦麦提图尔荪,等.浮尘天气对墨玉河流域葡萄叶片光合及水势的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(7):990-998.
[3]李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,等.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):162-172.
[4]耿增超,张立新,张朝阳.渭北旱地叶面施钙对红富士苹果产量和品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(2):35-37.
[5]潘越,史彦江,陈淑英,等.喷施叶面肥对平欧杂种榛‘新榛1号’嫩枝扦插的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(5):920-926.
[6]刘春燕,周龙,贾舟楫,等.黄化对吐鲁番葡萄叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(2):115-120.
[7]EAMUS D.The interaction of rising CO2 and temperatures with water use efficiency[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1991,14:843-852.
[8]郑淑霞,上官周平.8种阔叶树种叶片气体交换特征和叶绿素荧光特性比较[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1080-1087.
[9]曾秀存,许耀照,孙万仓,等.白菜型冬油菜光合日变化特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2490-2496.
[10]李惠,梁曼曼,赵丹,等.不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):90-96.
[11]王文明,姜益娟,郑德明,等.磁化水滴灌对枣树光合作用与蒸腾作用的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(12):2421-2425.
[12]郭春燕,李晋川,岳建英,等.两种高质牧草不同生育期光合生理日变化及光响应特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1751-1761.
[13]冯会丽,吴正保,史彦江,等.基于主成分分析的灰枣优良无性系果实品质评价[J].食品科学,2016,37(9):1-6.
[14]童文杰,邓小鹏,谢贺,等.烤烟伸根期生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应及其抗旱性评价[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(6):28-40.
[15]陈延松,袁华玲,卫文渊,等.夏季遮阳对‘红阳’猕猴桃净光合速率的影响及其与生理生态因子的关系[J].果树学报,2017,34(9):1144-1151.
[16]吴林瑛,邓文剑,张应中,等.光皮树不同无性系果期光合日变化研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(9):32-37,56.
[17]王博,种培芳,李毅,等.2种晚实核桃光合特性及产量变化[J].果树学报,2017,34(7):851-860.
[18]FARQUHAR G D,SHAKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33:317-345.
[19]刁凯,李宏,程平,等.不同枣树品种光合特性日变化测定与分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(6):1296-1301.
[20]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3892.
[21]刘友良.植物水分逆境生理[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:128-138.
[22]罗青红,史彦江,宋锋惠,等.盐碱地杂交榛光合作用日变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].果树学报,2013,30(4):627-633.
[23]王玉涛,李吉跃.固体水、叶面肥在防沙治沙抗旱造林中对苗木成活及生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(3):76-80.
[24]单新春,宋锋惠,史彦江,等.叶面肥对平欧杂种榛光合和生长结实的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):8-12.
[25]李靖,王政,庞振亚,等.喷施磷酸二氢钾对桃叶片和果实性状的影响[J].果树学报,2007,24(4):533-536.
[26]平吉成,单守明,刘晶,等.秋季叶面喷施尿素对酿酒葡萄光合作用和果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(18):6-9.
[27]傅瑞树,孙晓冬,黄琦,等.南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究--Ⅲ[J].叶面肥与透光度对扦插苗生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):175-177.
[2]张付春,潘明启,麦麦提阿卜拉·麦麦提图尔荪,等.浮尘天气对墨玉河流域葡萄叶片光合及水势的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(7):990-998.
[3]李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,等.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):162-172.
[4]耿增超,张立新,张朝阳.渭北旱地叶面施钙对红富士苹果产量和品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(2):35-37.
[5]潘越,史彦江,陈淑英,等.喷施叶面肥对平欧杂种榛‘新榛1号’嫩枝扦插的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(5):920-926.
[6]刘春燕,周龙,贾舟楫,等.黄化对吐鲁番葡萄叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(2):115-120.
[7]EAMUS D.The interaction of rising CO2 and temperatures with water use efficiency[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1991,14:843-852.
[8]郑淑霞,上官周平.8种阔叶树种叶片气体交换特征和叶绿素荧光特性比较[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1080-1087.
[9]曾秀存,许耀照,孙万仓,等.白菜型冬油菜光合日变化特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2490-2496.
[10]李惠,梁曼曼,赵丹,等.不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):90-96.
[11]王文明,姜益娟,郑德明,等.磁化水滴灌对枣树光合作用与蒸腾作用的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(12):2421-2425.
[12]郭春燕,李晋川,岳建英,等.两种高质牧草不同生育期光合生理日变化及光响应特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1751-1761.
[13]冯会丽,吴正保,史彦江,等.基于主成分分析的灰枣优良无性系果实品质评价[J].食品科学,2016,37(9):1-6.
[14]童文杰,邓小鹏,谢贺,等.烤烟伸根期生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应及其抗旱性评价[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(6):28-40.
[15]陈延松,袁华玲,卫文渊,等.夏季遮阳对‘红阳’猕猴桃净光合速率的影响及其与生理生态因子的关系[J].果树学报,2017,34(9):1144-1151.
[16]吴林瑛,邓文剑,张应中,等.光皮树不同无性系果期光合日变化研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(9):32-37,56.
[17]王博,种培芳,李毅,等.2种晚实核桃光合特性及产量变化[J].果树学报,2017,34(7):851-860.
[18]FARQUHAR G D,SHAKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33:317-345.
[19]刁凯,李宏,程平,等.不同枣树品种光合特性日变化测定与分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(6):1296-1301.
[20]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3882-3892.
[21]刘友良.植物水分逆境生理[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:128-138.
[22]罗青红,史彦江,宋锋惠,等.盐碱地杂交榛光合作用日变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].果树学报,2013,30(4):627-633.
[23]王玉涛,李吉跃.固体水、叶面肥在防沙治沙抗旱造林中对苗木成活及生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(3):76-80.
[24]单新春,宋锋惠,史彦江,等.叶面肥对平欧杂种榛光合和生长结实的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):8-12.
[25]李靖,王政,庞振亚,等.喷施磷酸二氢钾对桃叶片和果实性状的影响[J].果树学报,2007,24(4):533-536.
[26]平吉成,单守明,刘晶,等.秋季叶面喷施尿素对酿酒葡萄光合作用和果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(18):6-9.
[27]傅瑞树,孙晓冬,黄琦,等.南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究--Ⅲ[J].叶面肥与透光度对扦插苗生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):175-177.