环境规制与中国省域绿色全要素生产率——兼论对《环境保护税法》实施的启示
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摘要
制定合理的环境规制政策,推动绿色技术创新是实现经济发展绿色转型的科学途径。文中基于中国排污费征收标准调整的准自然实验,采用双重差分法实证检验市场激励型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:环境规制能够显著促进绿色全要素生产率,政策实施后省域绿色全要素生产率年均提高了1. 06%,支持"波特假说";差别化的排污费征收标准对绿色经济增长的作用更为突出。采用差别化排污标准的地区在政策实施后省域绿色全要素生产率的平均增长率更高;政策的作用效果存在时滞效应,在政策实施后二至五年能够显著提高省域绿色全要素生产率。就中国的具体实践而言,政府需要不断从税率水平、覆盖范围以及计税标准等方面进一步完善环境保护税;此外,在绿色财税制度改革过程中,要不断强化对中小微企业的支持和引导。
Introducing a reasonable environmental regulation policy to promote green technological innovation is the scientific way to realize the green transformation of economic development. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the adjustment of pollution charges standard,the double difference method was used to analyze the impact of market-driven tools on green total factor productivity. The results show that strict pollution charges standards significantly raised the provincial green total factor productivity,and the green total factor productivity increased by 1. 05% annually,which supports the " Porter hypothesis". Differentiation standard had a significant regulatory effect,and the effect of policy implementation became more prominent after the adoption of differentiated charges standards. The effects of policies had a lag effect,and the effective period of policy was about 2-5 years. For China 's specific practice,government needs to further improve the environmental protection tax in terms of tax rates,coverage and tax standards. In addition,the government should continue to strengthen its support and guidance to small and medium-sized enterprises during the reform of the green finance and taxation system.
Introducing a reasonable environmental regulation policy to promote green technological innovation is the scientific way to realize the green transformation of economic development. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the adjustment of pollution charges standard,the double difference method was used to analyze the impact of market-driven tools on green total factor productivity. The results show that strict pollution charges standards significantly raised the provincial green total factor productivity,and the green total factor productivity increased by 1. 05% annually,which supports the " Porter hypothesis". Differentiation standard had a significant regulatory effect,and the effect of policy implementation became more prominent after the adoption of differentiated charges standards. The effects of policies had a lag effect,and the effective period of policy was about 2-5 years. For China 's specific practice,government needs to further improve the environmental protection tax in terms of tax rates,coverage and tax standards. In addition,the government should continue to strengthen its support and guidance to small and medium-sized enterprises during the reform of the green finance and taxation system.
引文
[1]李平.中国工业绿色转型研究[J].中国工业经济,2011(4):5-14.
[2]陈超凡.中国工业绿色全要素生产率及其影响因素-基于ML生产率指数及动态面板模型的实证研究[J].统计研究,2016,33(3):53-62.
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[6]Li H,Shi J F. Energy efficiency analysis on Chinese industrial sectors:an improved Super-SBM model with undesirable outputs[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,65(4):97-107.
[7]原毅军,谢荣. FDI、环境规制与中国工业绿色全要素生产率增长-基于Luenberger指数的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2015(8):84-93.
[8]李斌,彭星,欧阳铭珂.环境规制、绿色全要素生产率与中国工业发展方式转变-基于36个工业行业数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(4):56-68.
[9]Wang Y,Shen N. Environmental regulation and environmental productivity:The case of China[J]. Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,62:758-766.
[10]蔡乌赶,周小亮.中国环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的双重效应[J].经济学家,2017(9):27-35.
[11]申晨,贾妮莎,李炫榆.环境规制与工业绿色全要素生产率-基于命令-控制型与市场激励型规制工具的实证分析[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(2):144-154.
[12]Lanoie P,Patry M,Lajeunesse R. Environmental regulation and productivity:testing the porter hypothesis[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2008,30(2):121-128.
[13]Fare R,Grosskopf S,Jr C A P. Environmental production functions and environmental directional distance functions[J]. Energy,2007,32(7):1055-1066.
[14]Chung Y H,Fare R,Grosskopf S. Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach[J]. Microeconomics,1997,51(3):229-240.
[15]Oh D H. A global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2010,34(3):183-197.
[16]Bertrand M,Duflo E,Mullainathan S. How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates?[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,2004,119(1):249-275.
[17]涂正革.工业二氧化硫排放的影子价格:一个新的分析框架[J].经济学(季刊),2010,9(1):259-282.
[18]孙焱林,温湖炜,周凤秀.省域异质性视角下中国能源绩效的测算与分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(12):8-13.
[2]陈超凡.中国工业绿色全要素生产率及其影响因素-基于ML生产率指数及动态面板模型的实证研究[J].统计研究,2016,33(3):53-62.
[3]Gray W B,Shadbegian R J. Environmental regulation,investment timing,and technology choice[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics,1998,46(2):235-256.
[4]Porter M E,Van d L C. Green and competitive:Ending the stalemate[J]. Harvard Business Review,2011,28(6):128-129.
[5]徐彦坤,祁毓.环境规制对企业生产率影响再评估及机制检验[J].财贸经济,2017,38(6):147-161.
[6]Li H,Shi J F. Energy efficiency analysis on Chinese industrial sectors:an improved Super-SBM model with undesirable outputs[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,65(4):97-107.
[7]原毅军,谢荣. FDI、环境规制与中国工业绿色全要素生产率增长-基于Luenberger指数的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2015(8):84-93.
[8]李斌,彭星,欧阳铭珂.环境规制、绿色全要素生产率与中国工业发展方式转变-基于36个工业行业数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(4):56-68.
[9]Wang Y,Shen N. Environmental regulation and environmental productivity:The case of China[J]. Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,62:758-766.
[10]蔡乌赶,周小亮.中国环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的双重效应[J].经济学家,2017(9):27-35.
[11]申晨,贾妮莎,李炫榆.环境规制与工业绿色全要素生产率-基于命令-控制型与市场激励型规制工具的实证分析[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(2):144-154.
[12]Lanoie P,Patry M,Lajeunesse R. Environmental regulation and productivity:testing the porter hypothesis[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2008,30(2):121-128.
[13]Fare R,Grosskopf S,Jr C A P. Environmental production functions and environmental directional distance functions[J]. Energy,2007,32(7):1055-1066.
[14]Chung Y H,Fare R,Grosskopf S. Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach[J]. Microeconomics,1997,51(3):229-240.
[15]Oh D H. A global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2010,34(3):183-197.
[16]Bertrand M,Duflo E,Mullainathan S. How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates?[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,2004,119(1):249-275.
[17]涂正革.工业二氧化硫排放的影子价格:一个新的分析框架[J].经济学(季刊),2010,9(1):259-282.
[18]孙焱林,温湖炜,周凤秀.省域异质性视角下中国能源绩效的测算与分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(12):8-13.