pH对不同大小泥蚶清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响
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摘要
本文以泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)为实验对象,研究不同大小个体在不同pH(6.5～9.5)静水水体中的清滤率、滤食率和吸收率。泥蚶共3组,分别为小规格、中规格和大规格,其壳长分别为9.12 mm、22.38 mm、32.35 mm。结果表明,在pH为8.5时,泥蚶清滤率由高到低依次为大规格、中规格、小规格;滤食率由高到低为中规格、大规格、小规格;吸收率由高到低为中规格、小规格、大规格。虽然大规格泥蚶有最高的清滤率,但结合吸收率和滤食率,中规格泥蚶具有更高的摄食和吸收能力。双因素方差分析显示,在清滤率、滤食率和吸收率的实验中,泥蚶受pH快速变化的影响程度均与其规格有关(P <0.05)。随pH变化,清滤率受影响程度由小到大为小规格(P <0.05)、中规格(参照)、大规格(P> 0.05);滤食率受影响程度由小到大为大规格(P> 0.05)、小规格(参照)、中规格(P <0.05);吸收率受影响程度由小到大为小规格(P> 0.05)、中规格(参照)、大规格(P <0.05)。中规格泥蚶的滤食水平受pH变化的影响较大,大规格泥蚶的吸收率受pH变化的影响较大。
The effect of ocean acidification on shellfish was a long–term process, however, the water pH can be changed rapidly in aquaculture. Therefore, the study of physiological responses of shellfish in different sizes under different pH stress would be with significatively value in the aquaculture. In this study, we used the blood clam(Tegillarca granosa) with different sizes(9.12 mm, 22.38 mm and 32.35 mm) as a model to explore the effects of feeding physiology under different pH(6.5﹣9.5) stress(Table 1). Clearance rate,ingestion rate and absorption efficiency were determined in static bioassay tests, which were used to represent the feeding physiology of the mud clam. At pH = 8.5, the clearance rates from high to low were as follows: large > medium > small(Fig. 1); the ingestion rates from high to low were as follows: medium, large, small(Fig. 2); and the absorption efficiencies from high to low as follows: medium > small > large(Fig. 3). Although the large blood clam had the highest Clearance rate, the medium blood clam had higher ingestion and absorption capacity. The clearance rate, ingestion rate and absorption efficiency of blood clam were related to pH and its size(P < 0.05) by two–way ANOVA. The influence of pH on the clearance rates were as follows: small(P < 0.05) < medium(reference) < large(P > 0.05)(Fig. 1); the influence of ingestion rates were as follows: large(P > 0.05) < small(reference) < medium(P < 0.05)(Fig. 2); and the influence of absorption rates were as follows: small(P > 0.05) < medium(reference) < large(P < 0.05)(Fig. 3). The Ingestion rate of medium blood clam was greatly affected by the environmental pH, and the absorption efficiency of large blood clam was greatly affected by the environmental pH.
The effect of ocean acidification on shellfish was a long–term process, however, the water pH can be changed rapidly in aquaculture. Therefore, the study of physiological responses of shellfish in different sizes under different pH stress would be with significatively value in the aquaculture. In this study, we used the blood clam(Tegillarca granosa) with different sizes(9.12 mm, 22.38 mm and 32.35 mm) as a model to explore the effects of feeding physiology under different pH(6.5﹣9.5) stress(Table 1). Clearance rate,ingestion rate and absorption efficiency were determined in static bioassay tests, which were used to represent the feeding physiology of the mud clam. At pH = 8.5, the clearance rates from high to low were as follows: large > medium > small(Fig. 1); the ingestion rates from high to low were as follows: medium, large, small(Fig. 2); and the absorption efficiencies from high to low as follows: medium > small > large(Fig. 3). Although the large blood clam had the highest Clearance rate, the medium blood clam had higher ingestion and absorption capacity. The clearance rate, ingestion rate and absorption efficiency of blood clam were related to pH and its size(P < 0.05) by two–way ANOVA. The influence of pH on the clearance rates were as follows: small(P < 0.05) < medium(reference) < large(P > 0.05)(Fig. 1); the influence of ingestion rates were as follows: large(P > 0.05) < small(reference) < medium(P < 0.05)(Fig. 2); and the influence of absorption rates were as follows: small(P > 0.05) < medium(reference) < large(P < 0.05)(Fig. 3). The Ingestion rate of medium blood clam was greatly affected by the environmental pH, and the absorption efficiency of large blood clam was greatly affected by the environmental pH.
引文
Bamber R N.1990.The effects of acidic seawater on three species of lamellibranch mollusk.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,143(3):181-192.
Bayne B L,Newell R C.1983.Physiological energetics of marine mollusks∥Saleuddin A S M,Wilbur K M.The Mollusca Physiology.Vo1.4.New York:Academic Press,407-515.
Conover R J.1966.Assimilation of organic matter by Zooplankton.Limnology&Oceanography,11(3):338-345.
Coughlan J.1969.The estimation of filtering rate from the clearance of suspensions.Marine Biology,2(4):356-358.
J?rgensen C C B.2010.On the water transport through the gills of bivalves.Acta Physiologica,5(4):297-304.
Michaelidis B,Ouzounis C,Paleras A,et al.2005.Effects of long-term moderate hypercapnia on acid base balance and growth rate in marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis.Marine Ecology Progress,293(1):109-118.
Ringwood A H,Keppler C J.2002.Water quality variation and clam growth:Is pH really a non-issue in estuaries?Estuaries,25(5):901-907.
Shi W,Zhao X,Han Y,et al.2017.Effects of reduced pH and elevated pCO2 on sperm motility and fertilisation success in blood clam,Tegillarca granosa.New Zealand Journal of Marine&Freshwater Research,51(4):543-554.
Wittmann A C,P?rtner H O.2013.Sensitivities of extant animal taxa to ocean acidification.Nature Climate Change,3(11):995-1001.
包永波,尤仲杰.2006.海洋滤食性贝类摄食率影响因子研究现状.渔业科学进展,27(1):76-80.
蔡娟.2016.pH对青蛤胚胎发育、幼虫生长及相关酶活性的影响.上海:上海海洋大学硕士学位论文,22-32.
蔡娟,周凯,盛文权,等.2018.pH对青蛤的钙化率和两种酶活性的影响.海洋渔业,40(1):57-64.
蔡星媛,张秀梅,田璐,等.2015.盐度胁迫对魁蚶稚贝血淋巴渗透压及鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响.南方水产科学,11(2):12-19.
陈剑锋,赖延和,童万平.2006.南美白对虾工厂化养殖水体pH值的变化特征.水产科学,25(9):456-458.
郭春雨,管越强,刘波兰.2007.温度、pH和盐度对克氏原螯虾鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活性的影响.动物学杂志,42(6):96-102.
何苗,周凯,么宗利,等.2017.饵料浓度、温度对缢蛏能量代谢的影响.海洋学报,39(8):129-135.
何义进,周群兰,刘勃,等.2009.不同增氧方式对中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘水质的影响.渔业现代化,36(4):23-26.
黄洋,黄海立,邓乐平,等.2014.盐度、pH和规格对尖紫蛤滤水率、摄食率、吸收率的影响.广东海洋大学学报,34(1):42-47.
匡世焕,方建光,孙慧玲,等.1996.桑沟湾栉孔扇贝不同季节滤水率和同化率的比较.海洋与湖沼,27(2):194-199.
栗志民,刘志刚,邓海东.2011.温度和盐度对企鹅珍珠贝清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响.水产学报,35(1):96-103.
林志华,董迎辉,陈彩芳,等.2015.泥蚶养殖生物学.北京:科学出版社,19-24.
刘建业,喻达辉,李金碧.2011.盐度和pH对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.海洋与湖沼,42(4):603-607.
卢健民,卢玲.2001.低pH对鲤鳃组织Na+-K+-ATPase酶活性的影响.水生生物学报,25(1):102-104.
潘鲁青,范德朋,马甡,等.2002.环境因子对缢蛏滤水率的影响.水产学报,26(3):226-230.
彭建华,陈文祥,栾建国,等.2004.温度、pH对二种淡水贝类滤水率的影响.动物学杂志,39(6):2-6.
孙建明,刘亚杰,周遵春.1995.不同生长时期中国对虾蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性变化的研究.水产科学,14(2):11-13.
陶易凡,强俊,王辉,等.2016.高p H胁迫对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性和鳃、肝胰腺中酶活性及组织结构的影响.水产学报,40(11):1694-1704.
王方国.1995.对虾养殖水质与饵料的关系研究.海洋学研究,13(2):9-15.
王有基,李丽莎,李琼珍,等.2014.海洋酸化和全球变暖对贝类生理生态的影响研究进展.生态学报,34(13):3499-3508.
吴洪喜,柴雪良.2004.浙江乐清湾泥蚶的繁殖习性和生长特性.动物学杂志,39(3):47-50.
夏来根,宋学宏,张磊磊,等.2012.4种微生态制剂对虾池水质及青虾生长性能的影响.水生态学杂志,33(3):101-106.
徐立红,张甬元,陈宜瑜.1995.分子生态毒理学研究进展及其在水环境保护中的意义.水生生物学报,19(2):171-185.
徐在宽.1998.三角帆蚌鳃瓣活力的研究.水产养殖,12(3):17-19.
张永普,孙建礼,周化斌.2003.不同年龄泥蚶几种消化酶活性的季节变化.动物学杂志,38(4):28-31.
郑家声,王梅林,王志勇,等.1995.泥蚶的性腺发育和生殖周期.青岛海洋大学学报,25(4):503-510.
朱雨瑞,徐继林,严小军.2010.5种微藻对4种滩涂贝类稚贝生长的影响.海洋学研究,28(3):60-66.
Bayne B L,Newell R C.1983.Physiological energetics of marine mollusks∥Saleuddin A S M,Wilbur K M.The Mollusca Physiology.Vo1.4.New York:Academic Press,407-515.
Conover R J.1966.Assimilation of organic matter by Zooplankton.Limnology&Oceanography,11(3):338-345.
Coughlan J.1969.The estimation of filtering rate from the clearance of suspensions.Marine Biology,2(4):356-358.
J?rgensen C C B.2010.On the water transport through the gills of bivalves.Acta Physiologica,5(4):297-304.
Michaelidis B,Ouzounis C,Paleras A,et al.2005.Effects of long-term moderate hypercapnia on acid base balance and growth rate in marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis.Marine Ecology Progress,293(1):109-118.
Ringwood A H,Keppler C J.2002.Water quality variation and clam growth:Is pH really a non-issue in estuaries?Estuaries,25(5):901-907.
Shi W,Zhao X,Han Y,et al.2017.Effects of reduced pH and elevated pCO2 on sperm motility and fertilisation success in blood clam,Tegillarca granosa.New Zealand Journal of Marine&Freshwater Research,51(4):543-554.
Wittmann A C,P?rtner H O.2013.Sensitivities of extant animal taxa to ocean acidification.Nature Climate Change,3(11):995-1001.
包永波,尤仲杰.2006.海洋滤食性贝类摄食率影响因子研究现状.渔业科学进展,27(1):76-80.
蔡娟.2016.pH对青蛤胚胎发育、幼虫生长及相关酶活性的影响.上海:上海海洋大学硕士学位论文,22-32.
蔡娟,周凯,盛文权,等.2018.pH对青蛤的钙化率和两种酶活性的影响.海洋渔业,40(1):57-64.
蔡星媛,张秀梅,田璐,等.2015.盐度胁迫对魁蚶稚贝血淋巴渗透压及鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响.南方水产科学,11(2):12-19.
陈剑锋,赖延和,童万平.2006.南美白对虾工厂化养殖水体pH值的变化特征.水产科学,25(9):456-458.
郭春雨,管越强,刘波兰.2007.温度、pH和盐度对克氏原螯虾鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活性的影响.动物学杂志,42(6):96-102.
何苗,周凯,么宗利,等.2017.饵料浓度、温度对缢蛏能量代谢的影响.海洋学报,39(8):129-135.
何义进,周群兰,刘勃,等.2009.不同增氧方式对中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘水质的影响.渔业现代化,36(4):23-26.
黄洋,黄海立,邓乐平,等.2014.盐度、pH和规格对尖紫蛤滤水率、摄食率、吸收率的影响.广东海洋大学学报,34(1):42-47.
匡世焕,方建光,孙慧玲,等.1996.桑沟湾栉孔扇贝不同季节滤水率和同化率的比较.海洋与湖沼,27(2):194-199.
栗志民,刘志刚,邓海东.2011.温度和盐度对企鹅珍珠贝清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响.水产学报,35(1):96-103.
林志华,董迎辉,陈彩芳,等.2015.泥蚶养殖生物学.北京:科学出版社,19-24.
刘建业,喻达辉,李金碧.2011.盐度和pH对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.海洋与湖沼,42(4):603-607.
卢健民,卢玲.2001.低pH对鲤鳃组织Na+-K+-ATPase酶活性的影响.水生生物学报,25(1):102-104.
潘鲁青,范德朋,马甡,等.2002.环境因子对缢蛏滤水率的影响.水产学报,26(3):226-230.
彭建华,陈文祥,栾建国,等.2004.温度、pH对二种淡水贝类滤水率的影响.动物学杂志,39(6):2-6.
孙建明,刘亚杰,周遵春.1995.不同生长时期中国对虾蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性变化的研究.水产科学,14(2):11-13.
陶易凡,强俊,王辉,等.2016.高p H胁迫对克氏原螯虾的急性毒性和鳃、肝胰腺中酶活性及组织结构的影响.水产学报,40(11):1694-1704.
王方国.1995.对虾养殖水质与饵料的关系研究.海洋学研究,13(2):9-15.
王有基,李丽莎,李琼珍,等.2014.海洋酸化和全球变暖对贝类生理生态的影响研究进展.生态学报,34(13):3499-3508.
吴洪喜,柴雪良.2004.浙江乐清湾泥蚶的繁殖习性和生长特性.动物学杂志,39(3):47-50.
夏来根,宋学宏,张磊磊,等.2012.4种微生态制剂对虾池水质及青虾生长性能的影响.水生态学杂志,33(3):101-106.
徐立红,张甬元,陈宜瑜.1995.分子生态毒理学研究进展及其在水环境保护中的意义.水生生物学报,19(2):171-185.
徐在宽.1998.三角帆蚌鳃瓣活力的研究.水产养殖,12(3):17-19.
张永普,孙建礼,周化斌.2003.不同年龄泥蚶几种消化酶活性的季节变化.动物学杂志,38(4):28-31.
郑家声,王梅林,王志勇,等.1995.泥蚶的性腺发育和生殖周期.青岛海洋大学学报,25(4):503-510.
朱雨瑞,徐继林,严小军.2010.5种微藻对4种滩涂贝类稚贝生长的影响.海洋学研究,28(3):60-66.
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