基于RUSLE模型的梅河口市土壤侵蚀动态分析
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摘要
[目的]定量分析区域土壤侵蚀强度动态变化及其影响因素,为区域水土保持工作提供科学依据。[方法]基于3S技术,采用RUSLE模型计算吉林省梅河口市2010年和2017年的土壤侵蚀模数,并从土地利用类型、坡度和水土保持措施3个方面分析土壤侵蚀变化特征。[结果](1)梅河口市2010年、2017年的平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为698.75,678.25t/(km~2·a),土壤侵蚀状况有所改善。(2)梅河口市的土壤侵蚀与坡度和土地利用有关,>95%的土壤侵蚀分布在坡度<15°坡地,土地利用以耕地和林地为主的区域。(3)2010—2017年,水保项目实施区域的平均土壤侵蚀模数下降了154.08t/(km~2·a),土壤侵蚀量减少了2.65×10~4 t。[结论]水保项目的实施在改善水土保持功能上取得较大的成效,但治理后的区域仍存在一定强度的侵蚀,且土地利用的不利转变加重了区域土壤侵蚀。因此,区域水土流失治理工作需考虑多部门协同,从源头上遏制发生水土流失的不利因素。
[Objective]To analyze the dynamic changes of regional soil erosion intensity and its driving factors,in order to provide scientific basis for regional soil and water conservation.[Methods]Based on 3 S technology,the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)was used to estimate soil erosion modulus of Meihekou City,Jilin Province in 2010 and 2017.The changes of soil erosion were analyzed according to land use,slope and soil and water conservation measures.[Results](1) The average soil erosion modulus in 2000 and 2017 were 698.75 and 678.25 t/(km~2·a),respectively,indicating the improvement of soil and water conservation in Meihekou City.(2) The soil erosion in Meihekou City was correlated with the slope and land use.More than 95% of the soil erosion area were distributed in areas with slope<15°,and the land use was mainly cultivated land and forest land.(3) From 2010 to 2017,the mean soil erosion modulus decreased by 154.08 t/(km~2·a),and the amount of soil erosion decreased by 2.65×10~4 t in the soil and water conservation project implementation area.[Conclusion]The implementation of soil and water conservation project have improved soil and water conservation functions dramatically,but soil erosion is still existing in the treated area,and the improper transformation of land use type has aggravated regional soil erosion.Therefore,the cooperation works among different department need to be done to control the soil and water loss from the sources.
[Objective]To analyze the dynamic changes of regional soil erosion intensity and its driving factors,in order to provide scientific basis for regional soil and water conservation.[Methods]Based on 3 S technology,the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)was used to estimate soil erosion modulus of Meihekou City,Jilin Province in 2010 and 2017.The changes of soil erosion were analyzed according to land use,slope and soil and water conservation measures.[Results](1) The average soil erosion modulus in 2000 and 2017 were 698.75 and 678.25 t/(km~2·a),respectively,indicating the improvement of soil and water conservation in Meihekou City.(2) The soil erosion in Meihekou City was correlated with the slope and land use.More than 95% of the soil erosion area were distributed in areas with slope<15°,and the land use was mainly cultivated land and forest land.(3) From 2010 to 2017,the mean soil erosion modulus decreased by 154.08 t/(km~2·a),and the amount of soil erosion decreased by 2.65×10~4 t in the soil and water conservation project implementation area.[Conclusion]The implementation of soil and water conservation project have improved soil and water conservation functions dramatically,but soil erosion is still existing in the treated area,and the improper transformation of land use type has aggravated regional soil erosion.Therefore,the cooperation works among different department need to be done to control the soil and water loss from the sources.
引文
[1]张晓平,梁爱珍,申艳,等.东北黑土水土流失特点[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):687-692.
[2]王文娟,邓荣鑫,郝丽君.东北黑土区农田防护林与沟谷侵蚀关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):44-51.
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[5]张喜旺,周月敏,李晓松,等.土壤侵蚀评价遥感研究进展[J].土壤通报,2010,41(4):1010-1017.
[6]Morgan R P C,Quinton J N,Smith R E,et al.The European Soil Erosion Model(EUROSEM):A dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and small catchments[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(6):527-544.
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[9]Renard K G,Foster G R,Lane L J,et al.Rusle-revised universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,46(1):30-33.
[10]Chen Sixu,Yang Xiaohuan,Xiao Linlin,et al.Study of soil erosion in the southern hillside area of China based on RUSLE model[J].Resources Science,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[11]Ganasri B P,Ramesh H.Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS:A case study of Nethravathi Basin[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2016,7(6):953-961.
[12]怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析:以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):365-372.
[13]李铖,李俊祥,朱飞鸽,等.基于RUSLE的环杭州湾地区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及关键敏感因子识别[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1577-1585.
[14]蒋春丽,张丽娟,张宏文,等.基于RUSLE模型的黑龙江省2000-2010年土壤保持量评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(5):642-649.
[15]孟凡影,付伟涛,杨欢,等.基于GIS技术的古城小流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):9-13.
[16]王志杰,简金世,焦菊英,等.基于RUSLE的松花江流域不同侵蚀类型区泥沙输移比估算[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):50-56.
[17]赵永军,李长保,常丹东.国家农发水保项目东北黑土区水土流失综合治理初探[J].中国水利,2012(16):60-63.
[18]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[19]国务院第一次全国水利普查领导小组办公室.水土保持情况普查[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[20]Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the Asae,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[21]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[22]李玉环,王静,张继贤.基于RUSLE水蚀模数演算与人工神经网络评价[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(6):1019-1026.
[23]宋现锋,段峥,牛海山,等.土壤侵蚀模型中植被管理因子的遥感估算[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(3):58-63.
[24]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-9,18.
[25]张雪花,侯文志,王宁.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀模型中植被因子C值的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(3):797-801.
[26]陈正发.基于RUSLE模型的重庆市土壤流失方程研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[27]水利部松辽水利委员会.SL 446-2009黑土区水土流失综合防治技术标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[2]王文娟,邓荣鑫,郝丽君.东北黑土区农田防护林与沟谷侵蚀关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):44-51.
[3]范昊明,蔡强国,王红闪.中国东北黑土区土壤侵蚀环境[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(2):66-70.
[4]李天宏,郑丽娜.基于RUSLE模型的延河流域2001-2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(7):1164-1175.
[5]张喜旺,周月敏,李晓松,等.土壤侵蚀评价遥感研究进展[J].土壤通报,2010,41(4):1010-1017.
[6]Morgan R P C,Quinton J N,Smith R E,et al.The European Soil Erosion Model(EUROSEM):A dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and small catchments[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(6):527-544.
[7]Srivastava A,Wu J Q,Elliot W J,et al.Modeling streamflow in a snow-dominated forest watershed using the water erosion prediction project(WEPP)model[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2017,60(4):1171-1187.
[8]Jetten V,Govers G,Hessel R.Erosion models:Quality of spatial predictions[J].Hydrological Processes,2003,17(5):887-900.
[9]Renard K G,Foster G R,Lane L J,et al.Rusle-revised universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,46(1):30-33.
[10]Chen Sixu,Yang Xiaohuan,Xiao Linlin,et al.Study of soil erosion in the southern hillside area of China based on RUSLE model[J].Resources Science,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[11]Ganasri B P,Ramesh H.Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS:A case study of Nethravathi Basin[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2016,7(6):953-961.
[12]怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析:以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):365-372.
[13]李铖,李俊祥,朱飞鸽,等.基于RUSLE的环杭州湾地区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及关键敏感因子识别[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1577-1585.
[14]蒋春丽,张丽娟,张宏文,等.基于RUSLE模型的黑龙江省2000-2010年土壤保持量评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(5):642-649.
[15]孟凡影,付伟涛,杨欢,等.基于GIS技术的古城小流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):9-13.
[16]王志杰,简金世,焦菊英,等.基于RUSLE的松花江流域不同侵蚀类型区泥沙输移比估算[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):50-56.
[17]赵永军,李长保,常丹东.国家农发水保项目东北黑土区水土流失综合治理初探[J].中国水利,2012(16):60-63.
[18]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[19]国务院第一次全国水利普查领导小组办公室.水土保持情况普查[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[20]Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the Asae,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[21]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[22]李玉环,王静,张继贤.基于RUSLE水蚀模数演算与人工神经网络评价[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(6):1019-1026.
[23]宋现锋,段峥,牛海山,等.土壤侵蚀模型中植被管理因子的遥感估算[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(3):58-63.
[24]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀琴,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-9,18.
[25]张雪花,侯文志,王宁.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀模型中植被因子C值的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(3):797-801.
[26]陈正发.基于RUSLE模型的重庆市土壤流失方程研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[27]水利部松辽水利委员会.SL 446-2009黑土区水土流失综合防治技术标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
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