基于Green-Ampt和稳渗不同入渗模型下的城市内涝影响数值模拟
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摘要
为分析Green-Ampt和稳渗两种入渗模型对城市内涝的影响,以陕西省西咸新区沣西新城核心区为研究区域,应用基于水文及水动力方法的城市雨洪过程数值模型模拟城市暴雨致涝过程。以Green-Ampt入渗模型计算产流,模拟研究区内涝积水过程,发现计算数据与实测数据吻合度高,内涝积水点均实现精确的模拟。计算了1a、2a、5a、10a、20a、50a6种不同重现期设计降雨在两种不同入渗模型下的内涝积水总量与总面积的变化,结果表明:城市内涝积水达到峰值时,不同降雨重现期下Green-Ampt入渗下相较于稳渗内涝积水总量分别减少28.41%、26.49%、26.39%、21.04%、17.28%、15.02%,Ⅲ级及以上内涝积水总面积分别减少31.5%、28.6%、28.3%、20.7%、16.3%、12.7%。本研究应用不同入渗模型揭示了内涝积水程度在不同降雨重现期下的变化规律,对更合理地开展数值模型模拟以及城市雨洪管理工作具有重要借鉴意义。
In order to analyze the influences of Green-Ampt and constant infiltration models on the numerical simulation results of urban inundation,Fengxi New City s taken as a case study to simulate the inundation processing by a urban stormwater numerical model based on hydrological and hydrodynamic methods.Using the Green-Ampt model to calculate the runoff process,the water accumulation in study area is simulated.It is found that the simulation result shows a good agreement with the measured one,and the inundation point can be accurately simulated.The changes of the total water quantity and inundation areaare calculated by using these two different infiltration model with the return period of 1 a,2 a,5 a,10 a,20 aand 50 a respectively.The results show that when the accumulated water reaches its peak value under the different rainfall return period,the water quantity under Green-Ampt model is reduced by 28.41%,26.49%,26.39%,21.04%,17.28%,and 15.02% respectively compared with the constant infiltration model.The total area of water in Class III and above decreased by 31.5%,28.6%,28.3%,20.7%,16.3%,and 12.7%respectively.This study reveals that the changing law of the inundation degree in different infiltration models under different rainfall return periods,and is of great significance for the more reasonable implementation of numerical model simulation and urban stormwater management.
In order to analyze the influences of Green-Ampt and constant infiltration models on the numerical simulation results of urban inundation,Fengxi New City s taken as a case study to simulate the inundation processing by a urban stormwater numerical model based on hydrological and hydrodynamic methods.Using the Green-Ampt model to calculate the runoff process,the water accumulation in study area is simulated.It is found that the simulation result shows a good agreement with the measured one,and the inundation point can be accurately simulated.The changes of the total water quantity and inundation areaare calculated by using these two different infiltration model with the return period of 1 a,2 a,5 a,10 a,20 aand 50 a respectively.The results show that when the accumulated water reaches its peak value under the different rainfall return period,the water quantity under Green-Ampt model is reduced by 28.41%,26.49%,26.39%,21.04%,17.28%,and 15.02% respectively compared with the constant infiltration model.The total area of water in Class III and above decreased by 31.5%,28.6%,28.3%,20.7%,16.3%,and 12.7%respectively.This study reveals that the changing law of the inundation degree in different infiltration models under different rainfall return periods,and is of great significance for the more reasonable implementation of numerical model simulation and urban stormwater management.
引文
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[20]范文涛，牛文全，张振华，等．降水头垂直入渗Green-Ampt模型显式近似解研究[J]．灌溉排水学报，2012,31(1):50-53.(FAN W T,NIU W Q,ZHANG Z H,et al.(Approximate explicit solution to precipitation head vertical infiltration of Green-Ampt Model[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2012,31(1):50-53.(in Chinese))
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[22]曹瑞雪，邵明安，贾小旭．层状土壤饱和导水率影响的试验研究[J]．水土保持学报，2015,29(3):18-21.(CAO R X,SHAO M A,JIA X X.Experimental study on effects of layered soils on saturated hydraulic conductivity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):18-21.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2015.03.004.
[23]李斌兵，郑粉莉．黄土坡面不同土地利用下的降雨入渗模拟与数值计算[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2008,26(5):118-123.(LI B B,ZHENG F L.Rainfall infiltration simulation and numerical computation at different landuse on the loessial hillslope[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008,26(5):118-123.(in Chinese))
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[25]高二鹏．不同植被边坡糙率研究[D]．北京：北京林业大学，2014.(GAO E P.Research on manning coefficient of different vegetated slope[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2014.(in Chinese))
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[2]王伟武，汪琴，林晖，等．中国城市内涝研究综述及展望[J]．城市问题，2015(10):24-28.(WANG W W,WANG Q,LIN H.et al.A summary and prospect of the research on urban infighting in China[J].Urban Problems Urban Probl,2015(10):24-28.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3239/j.sshkxy.Wt.004.
[3]严登华，王浩，张建云，等．生态海绵智慧流域建设———从状态改变到能力提升[J]．水科学进展，2017,28(2):302-310.(YAN D H,WANG H,ZHANG J Y.et al.Construction of an ecological sponge-smart river basins:from changing status to improving capability[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):302-310.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2017.02.016.
[4]徐宗学，程涛．城市水管理与海绵城市建设之理论基础———城市水文学研究进展[J]．水利学报，2019,50(1):53-61.(XU Z X,CHENG T.Basic theory for urban water management and sponge city-review on urban hydrology[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2019,50(1):53-61.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2018.1056.
[5]王文焰，汪志荣，王全九，等．黄土中Green-Ampt入渗模型的改进与验证[J]．水利学报，2003(5):30-34.(WANG W Y,WANG Z R,WANG Q J.et al.Improvement and evaluation of the Green-Ampt model in loess soil[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003(5):30-34.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2003.05.005.
[6]周秋文，朱红．基于Horton模型的涟江流域马尾松林冠截留模拟[J]．生态科学，2018,37(2):43-49.(ZHOU Q W,ZHU H.Simulation of canopy interception of Pinus massoniana forest in Lijiang River Basin based on Horton Model[J].Ecological Science Ecol Sci,2018,37(2):43-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2018.02.006.
[7]王全九，来剑斌，李毅．Green-Ampt模型与Philip入渗模型的对比分析[J]．农业工程学报，2002,18(2):13-16.(WANG Q J,LAI J B,LI Y.Comparison of Green-Ampt model with Philip infiltration model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(2):13-16(in Chinese))
[8] CHEN J,HILL A A,URBANO L D.A GIS-based model for urban flood inundation[J].Journal of Hydrology(Amsterdam),2009,373(1-2):184-192.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.021.
[9]甘永德，贾仰文，刘欢，等．膨胀性土壤降雨入渗产流模型[J]．水利学报，2017,48(10):1220-1228,1239.(GAN Y D,JIA Y W,LIU H.et al.Elastic foundation beam model of frost heave damage of trapezoidal canal considering interaction between frozen soil and lining stucture[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(10):1220-1228,1239(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20170054.
[10]侯精明，王润，李国栋，等．基于动力波法的高效高分辨率城市雨洪过程数值模型[J]．水力发电学报，2018,37(3):40-49.(HOU J M,WANG R,LI G D,et al.High-performance numerical model for high-resolution urban rainfall-runoff process based on dynamic wave method[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(3):40-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20180305.
[11]李允军，徐青，周元斌，等．二维水动力学模型在蓄滞洪区洪水演进模拟分析中的应用[J]．江苏水利，2018(12):68-72.(LI Y J,XU Q,ZHOU Y B,et al.Application of 2-D hydrodynamic model on flood routing simulation analysis in flood storage and detention area[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2018(12):68-72.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16310/j.cnki.jssl.2018.12.016.
[12]夏军，张印，梁昌梅，等．城市雨洪模型研究综述[J]．武汉大学学报（工学版），2018,51(2):95-105.(XIA J,ZHANG Y,LIANG C M,et al.Review on urban storm water models[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2018,51(2):95-105.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8844.2018-02-001.
[13] HOU J,LIANG Q,ZHANG H,et al.An efficient unstructured MUSCL scheme for solving the 2D shallow water equations[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2015,66:131-152.DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.12.007.
[14] HOU J,SIMONS F,MAHGOUB M,et al.A robust well-balanced model on unstructured grids for shallow water flows with wetting and drying over complex topography[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2013,257:126-149.DOI:10.1016/j.cma.2013.01.015.
[15] HOU J,ZGEN I.A model for overland flow and associated processes within the hydroinformatics modelling system[J].Journal of Hydroinformatics,2014,16(2):375-391.DOI:10.2166/hydro.2013.173.
[16] HSU S Y,HILPERT M.Incorporation of dynamic capillary pressure into the Green-Ampt model for infiltration[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2011,10(3):1116.
[17]李毅，王全九，邵明安，等．Green-Ampt入渗模型及其应用[J]．西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版），2007,35(2):225-230.(LI Y,WANG Q J,SHAO M A,et al.Green-Ampt model and its application[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2007,35(2):225-230.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.2007.02.045.
[18] ROSSMAN L.Storm water management model(SWMM)user’smanual version 5.0[R].Cincinnati:USEPA,010.
[19]王全九，邵明安，汪志荣，等．Green-Ampt公式在层状土入渗模拟计算中的应用[J]．土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报，1999,5(4):66-70.(WANG Q J,SHAO M A,WANG Z R,et al.Application of Green-Ampt equation during infiltration in layered soil[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1999,5(4):66-70.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.1999.04.013.
[20]范文涛，牛文全，张振华，等．降水头垂直入渗Green-Ampt模型显式近似解研究[J]．灌溉排水学报，2012,31(1):50-53.(FAN W T,NIU W Q,ZHANG Z H,et al.(Approximate explicit solution to precipitation head vertical infiltration of Green-Ampt Model[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2012,31(1):50-53.(in Chinese))
[21]唐岳灏，路立新．Green-Ampt入渗模型的一种显式近似解[J]．水电能源科学，2017,35(6):19-22.(TANG Y H,LU L X.An Explicit approximate solution of Green-Ampt Model[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(6):19-22.(in Chinese))
[22]曹瑞雪，邵明安，贾小旭．层状土壤饱和导水率影响的试验研究[J]．水土保持学报，2015,29(3):18-21.(CAO R X,SHAO M A,JIA X X.Experimental study on effects of layered soils on saturated hydraulic conductivity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):18-21.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2015.03.004.
[23]李斌兵，郑粉莉．黄土坡面不同土地利用下的降雨入渗模拟与数值计算[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2008,26(5):118-123.(LI B B,ZHENG F L.Rainfall infiltration simulation and numerical computation at different landuse on the loessial hillslope[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008,26(5):118-123.(in Chinese))
[24]刘哲，陈田庆，张雷．基于海绵城市目标渭东新城土壤性状调查及研究分析[J]．西部大开发（土地开发工程研究），2018,3(7):20-25.(LIU Z,CHEN T Q,ZHANG L.Investigation and analysis of soil properties of Weidong New City based on sponge city[J].Land Development and Engineering Research,2018,3(7):20-25.(in Chinese))
[25]高二鹏．不同植被边坡糙率研究[D]．北京：北京林业大学，2014.(GAO E P.Research on manning coefficient of different vegetated slope[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2014.(in Chinese))
[26]郭雨华，赵廷宁，孙保平，等．草地坡面水动力学特性及其阻延地表径流机制研究[J]．水土保持研究，2006,13(4):264-267.(GUO Y H,ZHAO T N,SUN B P,et al.Study on the dynamic characteristics of overland flow and resistance to overland flow of grass slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation2006,13(4):264-267.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3409.2006.04.083.
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