生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染控制现状与问题思考
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摘要
从恶臭气体产生特征、主要致臭污染物组成、收集系统设计、除臭工艺方法、监测、排放及评价标准的角度,综述了生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染控制现状,梳理了目前存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。生活垃圾转运站的臭气组成受垃圾成分和操作环境条件影响,其主要致臭污染物是含硫化合物。臭气收集系统设计应注意设施的密闭性,以主要致臭污染物的物化性质和浓度等为依据,采用气流组织数值模拟方法实现合理、有效收集臭气,降低除臭系统的能耗、运行费用和设备占地。除臭工艺设计需考虑安全性、环保性,尤其是潜在的二次污染;针对主要致臭污染物的物化性质和浓度特点,综合经济性,合理设计除臭工艺的类型、级数、工艺参数。恶臭污染监管的控制标准和评价指标宜更加全面合理,并注重针对性。
The current status of odour control in transfer station of municipal solid waste was overviewed from the perspective of odour generation characteristics,main odour pollutants,odour collection system design,deodorization process,and standards of odour monitoring,emission and evaluation. The existing problems were sorted out,and some suggestions were made accordingly. The composition of odour in transfer station of municipal solid waste is influenced by the composition of solid waste and the operational environment conditions. And the main odour pollutants are sulfur-containing compounds. Odour collection system design should pay attention to the airtight property of facilities. On the basis of physical-chemical properties and concentrations of main odour pollutants,numerical simulation of airflow could be applied to collect the odour reasonably and effectively and reduce the energy consumption,operating costs and equipment occupying space of the odour control system. Safety and environment protection,especially the potential secondary pollution,should be considered during deodorization process design.The types,stages,and parameters of deodorization process should be designed reasonably and economically according to the physical-chemical properties and concentrations of the main odour pollutants. The control standards and evaluation indexes for odour regulation need to be more comprehensive,reasonable and targeted.
The current status of odour control in transfer station of municipal solid waste was overviewed from the perspective of odour generation characteristics,main odour pollutants,odour collection system design,deodorization process,and standards of odour monitoring,emission and evaluation. The existing problems were sorted out,and some suggestions were made accordingly. The composition of odour in transfer station of municipal solid waste is influenced by the composition of solid waste and the operational environment conditions. And the main odour pollutants are sulfur-containing compounds. Odour collection system design should pay attention to the airtight property of facilities. On the basis of physical-chemical properties and concentrations of main odour pollutants,numerical simulation of airflow could be applied to collect the odour reasonably and effectively and reduce the energy consumption,operating costs and equipment occupying space of the odour control system. Safety and environment protection,especially the potential secondary pollution,should be considered during deodorization process design.The types,stages,and parameters of deodorization process should be designed reasonably and economically according to the physical-chemical properties and concentrations of the main odour pollutants. The control standards and evaluation indexes for odour regulation need to be more comprehensive,reasonable and targeted.
引文
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[2]包景岭.恶臭污染源解析及预警应急系统[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[3]吕永,叶晓玫,王新明.垃圾转运站臭气污染物的区域分布研究[J].环境卫生工程,2008(5):27-29.
[4]郑曼英,罗海醌.垃圾转运站空气中挥发性有机化合物分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004(4):13-14.
[5]闫凤越,李伟芳,王亘,等.两种垃圾处理设施挥发性恶臭气体的指纹谱[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(5):353-357.
[6]郭晓琪,吕永,覃卫星.广州市垃圾转运站恶臭物质氨和硫化氢的含量测定[J].环境卫生工程,2009,17(S1):81-83,86.
[7]袁松,黄丹丹,段怡彤.生活垃圾转运站臭气属性特征及不同除臭工艺效果分析[J].环境卫生工程,2018,26(3):56-58.
[8]俞士洵.大、中型生活垃圾转运站通风除臭系统设计[J].资源信息与工程,2018,33(3):173-175.
[9]卢兆奎.北京市某垃圾分选转运站除臭控制的研究[J].环境卫生工程,2015,23(4):8-11.
[10]吴冰思.环境卫生设施臭气治理技术[J].环境卫生工程,2003(1):20-24.
[11]熊鸿斌,程潇君.超大型垃圾中转站恶臭预测及工艺分析[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,37(3):353-358.
[12]黄廷夫.大型垃圾中转站除臭设备与工艺[J].科技经济市场,2014(4):5-6.
[13]姚永利.环卫工程中除臭技术浅析[J].科学技术创新,2018(23):191-192.
[14]汤建化,李文,赵欣,等.武汉市环保型垃圾压缩转运站除尘除臭设计[J].环境卫生工程,2011,19(4):55-57,60.
[15]郭凌志,王宏凯,王海凤.预压式大中型垃圾转运站优化设计[J].环境卫生工程,2014,22(5):10-12.
[16]黄长缨,陆峰,李贤英,等.植物提取液对城市生活垃圾中转站VOCs的去除效果研究[J].环境工程,2018,36(2):98-103.
[17]恶臭污染物排放标准:GB 14554—1993[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[18]生态环境部办公厅.恶臭污染物排放标准(征求意见稿)[Z].2018-12-03.
[19]恶臭污染环境监测技术规范:HJ 905—2017[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2018.
[20]生活垃圾转运站运行维护技术规程:CJJ 109—2006[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[21]生活垃圾转运站评价标准:CJJ/T 156—2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[22]生活垃圾收集站技术规程:CJJ 179—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[23]生活垃圾转运站技术规范:CJJ/T 47—2016[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[24]陈俊,彭淑婧,马华敏,等.南京某生活垃圾转运站臭气治理[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(20):101-103.
[25]生活垃圾转运站工程项目建设标准:建标117—2009[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[26]工业建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范:GB 50019—2015[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015.
[27]化工采暖通风与空气调节设计规范:HG/T 20698—2009[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.
[28]周立,李桥龙,陈晓华,等.北京槐房地埋式污水厂除臭通风一体化系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(16):55-60.
[29]龚文瑾,尹兴蕾,高伟,等.污水污泥处理中臭气收集系统设计总结[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(18):45-48.
[30]李成海,胡建民,高用贵,等.垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液处理站除臭系统探讨[J].环境卫生工程,2014,22(4):73-75.
[31]张磊,张国娟,于水.不同气流组织下对室内甲醛浓度影响模拟分析[J].建筑节能,2017,45(8):13-16.
[32]阳琴,江泽标,廖志恒. CFD在某实验动物房气流组织研究中的应用[J].贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,37(2):63-66.
[33]林培真,宋旭,祝雅杰,等.地下污水处理厂除臭工程设计问题探讨[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(16):50-54.
[34]林金煌,陈姣,何振健.分布式送风气流组织节能特性研究[J].制冷技术,2017,37(6):67-71.
[35]丁伟翔,刘春林,刘红梅.基于正交设计的不同送风参数对室内气流组织和舒适性影响的模拟研究[J].建筑节能,2018,46(11):51-56.
[36]丁伟翔,刘秀会,金羽佳.基于Fluent的某超市空调工况下室内气流组织模拟[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(9):60-63,59.
[37]李艳蓉,展晓东,陈辰.中小学小型体育场馆气流组织模拟分析[J].建筑节能,2018,46(9):12-16.
[38]潘冬梅,徐象国,王怡琳,等.高大空间气流组织模拟:文献综述[J].暖通空调,2018,48(1):131-138.
[39]章晓来.大空间室内气流组织的数值模拟与设计运用[J].住宅与房地产,2018(11):236.
[40]Schlegelmilch M,Streese J,Stegmann R. Odour management and treatment technologies:An overview[J]. Waste Manage,2005,25(9):928-939.
[41]Alfonsín C,Lebrero R,Estrada J M,et al. Selection of odour removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants:A guideline based on life cycle assessment[J]. J Environ Manage,2015,149:77-84.
[42]污水排入城镇下水道水质标准:GB/T 31962—2015[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[43]Gabriel D,Deshusses M A. Technical and economical analysis of the conversion of a full-scale scrubber to a biotrickling filter for odor control[J]. Water Sci Technol,2004,50(4):309-318.
[44]Schlegelmilch M,Herold T,Streese J,et al. The potential to reduce emissions of airborne microorganisms by means of biological waste gas treatment systems[J]. Waste Manage,2005,25(9):955-964.
[45]Ottengraf S P P,Konings J H G. Emission of microorganisms from biofilters[J]. Bioproc Eng,1991,7(1):89-96.
[46]Wang C,Xi J Y,Hu H Y. Reduction of toxic products and bioaerosol emission of a combined ultraviolet-biofilter process for chlorobenzene treatment[J]. J Air Waste Manage,2009,59(4):405-410.
[47]Sultana S,Vandenbroucke A M,Leys C,et al. Abatement of VOCs with alternate adsorption and plasma-assisted regeneration:A review[J]. Catalysts,2015,5(2):718-746.
[48]Koh I O,Thiemann W. Study of photochemical oxidation of standard chlorinated paraffins and identification of degradation products[J]. J Photochem Photobiol A:Chem,2001,139(2/3):205-215.
[49]Cantavenera M J,Catanzaro I,Loddo V,et al. Photocatalytic degradation of paraquat and genotoxicity of its intermediate products[J]. J Photochem Photobiol A:Chem,2007,185(2/3):277-282.
[50]Moussavi G,Mohseni M. Using UV pretreatment to enhance biofiltration of mixtures of aromatic VOCs[J]. J Hazard Mater,2007,144(1/2):59-66.
[51]环境空气质量标准:GB 3095—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[52]Nath K,Bhakhar M S. Microbial regeneration of spent activated carbon dispersed with organic contaminants:Mechanism,efficiency,and kinetic models[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res,2011,18(4):534-546.
[53]Kittrell J R,Quinlan C W,Eldridge J W. Direct catalytic oxidation of halogenated hydrocarbons[J]. J Air Waste Manage,1991,41(8):1129-1133.
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