冬季中国东北地区天气尺度位涡下侵及其对地面气温的影响（英文）
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摘要
本文将每天一定区域内有平流层位涡向下侵入到对流层现象的格点总数定义为天气尺度区域位涡下侵(RPVI)指数,由此建立了1979至2016年冬季中国东北地区RPVI指数的年际变化序列。合成分析表明,在高(低)RPVI指数年,平流层位涡正(负)异常于90°–110°E区域向下侵入至对流层300 hPa附近,因而在对流层低层强迫出异常气旋(反气旋)。近地层异常气旋(反气旋)西侧的北(南)风导致东北地区地面气温异常至少低于(高于)-0.9°C(0.9°C)。
A regional potential vorticity(PV) intrusion(PVI)(RPVI) index, defined as the sum of the numbers of grids containing PVI within a certain area for each day, is used to reflect the day-to-day PVI variability over northeastern China during winter from 1979 to 2016. The synoptic-scale PVI variations and resultant surface air temperature(SAT) anomalies are identified by comparing the high and low RPVI index cases. In high(low) RPVI cases, significantly strong positive(negative) PV anomalies are found in the stratospheric midlatitudes, which intrude downward mostly within 90°–110°E into the upper troposphere to reach around 300 hPa and extend eastward to the east of 120°E, forcing an anomalous cyclonic(anticyclonic) circulation in the middle and lower troposphere over East Asia,with the anomalous northerlies(southerlies) of the forced lower-tropospheric cyclone(anticyclone)leading to significant negative(positive) SAT anomalies of less(greater) than-0.9°C(0.9°C), especially over northeastern China. In the stratosphere, the positive(negative) midlatitude PV anomalies over northern China are actually associated with a weakening(strengthening) of the polar vortex over the Eurasian continent for the high(low) RPVI cases, resulting mostly from positive(negative) barotropic vorticity anomalies associated with static stability due to the meridional shear of anomalous zonal winds on the southern side of the anomalous Eurasian anticyclone(cyclone).
A regional potential vorticity(PV) intrusion(PVI)(RPVI) index, defined as the sum of the numbers of grids containing PVI within a certain area for each day, is used to reflect the day-to-day PVI variability over northeastern China during winter from 1979 to 2016. The synoptic-scale PVI variations and resultant surface air temperature(SAT) anomalies are identified by comparing the high and low RPVI index cases. In high(low) RPVI cases, significantly strong positive(negative) PV anomalies are found in the stratospheric midlatitudes, which intrude downward mostly within 90°–110°E into the upper troposphere to reach around 300 hPa and extend eastward to the east of 120°E, forcing an anomalous cyclonic(anticyclonic) circulation in the middle and lower troposphere over East Asia,with the anomalous northerlies(southerlies) of the forced lower-tropospheric cyclone(anticyclone)leading to significant negative(positive) SAT anomalies of less(greater) than-0.9°C(0.9°C), especially over northeastern China. In the stratosphere, the positive(negative) midlatitude PV anomalies over northern China are actually associated with a weakening(strengthening) of the polar vortex over the Eurasian continent for the high(low) RPVI cases, resulting mostly from positive(negative) barotropic vorticity anomalies associated with static stability due to the meridional shear of anomalous zonal winds on the southern side of the anomalous Eurasian anticyclone(cyclone).
引文
Baldwin,M.P.,X.Cheng,and T.J.Dunkerton.1994.“Observed Correlation between Winter-Mean Tropospheric and Stratospheric Circulation Anomalies.”Geophysical Research Letters 21(12):1141-1144.doi:10.1029/94GL01010.
Baldwin,M.P.,and T.J.Dunkerton.2001.“Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes.”Science 294(5542):581-584.doi:10.1126/science.1063315.
Blackmon,M.L.,J.M.Wallace,N.C.Lau,and S.L.Mullen.1977“An Observational Study of the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Circulation.”Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 34:1040-1053.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1040:AOSOTN>2.0.CO;2.
Cai,M.2003.“Potential Vorticity Intrusion Index and Climate Variability of Surface Temperature.”Geophysical Research Letters 30(3):11-19.doi:10.1029/2002GL015926.
Charney,J.G.,and P.G.Drazin.1961.“Propagation of Planetary-Scale Disturbances from the Lower into the Upper Atmosphere.”Journal of Geophysical Research 66(1):83-109.doi:10.1029/JZ066i001p00083.
Chen,W.,X.Q.Lan,L.,.Wang,and Y.Ma.2013.“The Combined Effects of the ENSO and the Arctic Oscillation on the Winter Climate Anomalies in East Asia.”Chinese Science Bulletin 58(12):1355-1362.doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5654-5.
Ding,Y.H.1990.“Buildup,Air Mass Transformation and Propagation of Siberian High and Its Relations to Cold Surge in East Asia.”Meteorology&Atmospheric Physics 44(1990):281-292.doi:10.1007/BF01026822.
Guo,Q.Y.1994.“Relationship between the Variations of East Asian Winter Monsoon and Temperature Anomalies in China(In Chinese).”Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlolgy 5:218-225.
Hoskins,B.J.,M.E.McIntyre,and A.W.Robertson.1985.“On the Use and Significance of Isentropic Potential Vorticity Maps.”Quarterly Journal of the Royal.Meteorological.Society111(470):877-946.doi:10.1002/qj.49711147002.
Jeong,J.H.,B.M.Kim,C.H.Ho,D.Chen,and G.H.Lim.2006“Stratospheric Origin of Cold Surge Occurrence in East Asia.”Geophysical Research Letters 33(14):L14710doi:10.1029/2006GL026607.
Kanamitsu,M.,Ebisuzaki,W.,Woollen,J.,Yang,S.K.Hnilo,J.J.,Fiorino,M.,and G.L.Potter.2002.“NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis(R-2).”Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 83(11):1631-1643.doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
Kim,B.M.,J.H.Jeong,and S.J.Kim.2009.“Investigation of Stratospheric Precursor for the East Asian Cold Surge Using the Potential Vorticity Inversion Technique.”AsiaPacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 45(4):513-522.
Kushner,P.J.,and L.M.Polvani.2004.“Stratosphere Troposphere Coupling in a Relatively Simple AGCM:The Role of Eddies.”Journal of Climate 17(3):629-639doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0629:SCIARS>2.0.CO;2.
Leung,Y.T.,and W.Zhou.2015.“Variation of Circulation and East Asian Climate Associated with Anomalous Strength and Displacement of the East Asian Trough.”Climate Dynamics45(9-10):2713-2732.doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2504-6.
Mao,R.,D.Y.Gong,and Q.M.Fang.2007.“Influences of the East Asian Jet Stream on Winter Climate in China(In Chinese).”Journal of Applied Meteorological Science 18137-146.
Morgan,M.C.,and J.W.Nielsengammon.1998.“Using Tropopause Maps to Diagnose Midlatitude Weather Systems.”Monthly Weather Review 126(10):2555-2579doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2555:UTMTDM>2.0.CO;2.
?kerlak,B.,M.Sprenger,S.Pfahl,E.Tyrlis,and H.Wernli.2015“Tropopause Folds in ERA-Interim:Global Climatology and Relation to Extreme Weather Events.”Journal of Geophysica Research Atmospheres 120(10):4860-4877.doi:10.1002/2014JD022787.
Song,Y.,and W.A.Robinson.2004.“Dynamical Mechanisms for Stratospheric Influences on the Troposphere.”Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61:1711-1725.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1711:DMFSI-O>2.0.CO;2.
Thompson,D.W.J.,M.P.Baldwin,and J.M.Wallace.2002“Stratospheric Connection to Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Weather:Implications for Prediction.”Journal of Climate 15:1421-1428.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1421:SCTNHW>2.0.CO;2.
Wang,D.X.,C.Z.Wang,X.Y.Yang,and J.Lu.2005.“Winter Northern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature Variability Associated with the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation.”Geophysical Research Letters 32(16)101-120.doi:10.1029/2005GL022952.
Wang,L.,W.Chen,W.Zhou,and R.H.Huang.2007“Interannual Variations of East Asian Trough Axis at 500Hpa and Its Association with the East Asian Winter Monsoon Pathway.”Journal of Climate 22(3):600-614doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2973.1.
Wu,J.,and X.J.Gao.2013.“A Gridded Daily Observation Dataset over China Region and Comparison with the Other Datasets.”Chinese Journal of Geophysics 56(4):1102-1111.(in Chinese).doi:10.6038/cjg20130406.
Baldwin,M.P.,and T.J.Dunkerton.2001.“Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes.”Science 294(5542):581-584.doi:10.1126/science.1063315.
Blackmon,M.L.,J.M.Wallace,N.C.Lau,and S.L.Mullen.1977“An Observational Study of the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Circulation.”Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 34:1040-1053.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1040:AOSOTN>2.0.CO;2.
Cai,M.2003.“Potential Vorticity Intrusion Index and Climate Variability of Surface Temperature.”Geophysical Research Letters 30(3):11-19.doi:10.1029/2002GL015926.
Charney,J.G.,and P.G.Drazin.1961.“Propagation of Planetary-Scale Disturbances from the Lower into the Upper Atmosphere.”Journal of Geophysical Research 66(1):83-109.doi:10.1029/JZ066i001p00083.
Chen,W.,X.Q.Lan,L.,.Wang,and Y.Ma.2013.“The Combined Effects of the ENSO and the Arctic Oscillation on the Winter Climate Anomalies in East Asia.”Chinese Science Bulletin 58(12):1355-1362.doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5654-5.
Ding,Y.H.1990.“Buildup,Air Mass Transformation and Propagation of Siberian High and Its Relations to Cold Surge in East Asia.”Meteorology&Atmospheric Physics 44(1990):281-292.doi:10.1007/BF01026822.
Guo,Q.Y.1994.“Relationship between the Variations of East Asian Winter Monsoon and Temperature Anomalies in China(In Chinese).”Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlolgy 5:218-225.
Hoskins,B.J.,M.E.McIntyre,and A.W.Robertson.1985.“On the Use and Significance of Isentropic Potential Vorticity Maps.”Quarterly Journal of the Royal.Meteorological.Society111(470):877-946.doi:10.1002/qj.49711147002.
Jeong,J.H.,B.M.Kim,C.H.Ho,D.Chen,and G.H.Lim.2006“Stratospheric Origin of Cold Surge Occurrence in East Asia.”Geophysical Research Letters 33(14):L14710doi:10.1029/2006GL026607.
Kanamitsu,M.,Ebisuzaki,W.,Woollen,J.,Yang,S.K.Hnilo,J.J.,Fiorino,M.,and G.L.Potter.2002.“NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis(R-2).”Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 83(11):1631-1643.doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
Kim,B.M.,J.H.Jeong,and S.J.Kim.2009.“Investigation of Stratospheric Precursor for the East Asian Cold Surge Using the Potential Vorticity Inversion Technique.”AsiaPacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 45(4):513-522.
Kushner,P.J.,and L.M.Polvani.2004.“Stratosphere Troposphere Coupling in a Relatively Simple AGCM:The Role of Eddies.”Journal of Climate 17(3):629-639doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0629:SCIARS>2.0.CO;2.
Leung,Y.T.,and W.Zhou.2015.“Variation of Circulation and East Asian Climate Associated with Anomalous Strength and Displacement of the East Asian Trough.”Climate Dynamics45(9-10):2713-2732.doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2504-6.
Mao,R.,D.Y.Gong,and Q.M.Fang.2007.“Influences of the East Asian Jet Stream on Winter Climate in China(In Chinese).”Journal of Applied Meteorological Science 18137-146.
Morgan,M.C.,and J.W.Nielsengammon.1998.“Using Tropopause Maps to Diagnose Midlatitude Weather Systems.”Monthly Weather Review 126(10):2555-2579doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2555:UTMTDM>2.0.CO;2.
?kerlak,B.,M.Sprenger,S.Pfahl,E.Tyrlis,and H.Wernli.2015“Tropopause Folds in ERA-Interim:Global Climatology and Relation to Extreme Weather Events.”Journal of Geophysica Research Atmospheres 120(10):4860-4877.doi:10.1002/2014JD022787.
Song,Y.,and W.A.Robinson.2004.“Dynamical Mechanisms for Stratospheric Influences on the Troposphere.”Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61:1711-1725.doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1711:DMFSI-O>2.0.CO;2.
Thompson,D.W.J.,M.P.Baldwin,and J.M.Wallace.2002“Stratospheric Connection to Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Weather:Implications for Prediction.”Journal of Climate 15:1421-1428.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1421:SCTNHW>2.0.CO;2.
Wang,D.X.,C.Z.Wang,X.Y.Yang,and J.Lu.2005.“Winter Northern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature Variability Associated with the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation.”Geophysical Research Letters 32(16)101-120.doi:10.1029/2005GL022952.
Wang,L.,W.Chen,W.Zhou,and R.H.Huang.2007“Interannual Variations of East Asian Trough Axis at 500Hpa and Its Association with the East Asian Winter Monsoon Pathway.”Journal of Climate 22(3):600-614doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2973.1.
Wu,J.,and X.J.Gao.2013.“A Gridded Daily Observation Dataset over China Region and Comparison with the Other Datasets.”Chinese Journal of Geophysics 56(4):1102-1111.(in Chinese).doi:10.6038/cjg20130406.
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