中国东北地区产业集群的空间格局分析——基于两次全国经济普查企业微观数据
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摘要
如何培育产业集群是振兴我国东北地区的关键议题。运用空间自相关分析、标准差椭圆、核密度估计等GIS分析方法,利用第一次和第二次全国经济普查企业微观数据对东北地区产业集群分布的空间格局特征进行研究。研究发现:以就业人数为测算指标的东北地区各产业集群就业分布呈现出明显的多中心空间结构,就业中心集中于大连哈尔滨连线上,并向西北方向移动。东北地区整体就业空间集聚特征进一步增强,密集性指数增大。东北地区原有占据主导集聚优势地位的产业集群优势依然显著,但多数产业集群区位熵相对变小,集聚性有所减弱。
Based on the micro-data of the first and second national economic census enterprises,this paper uses spatial autocorrelation analysis,standard deviation ellipse,kernel density estimation and other GIS analysis methods to study the spatial pattern characteristics of industrial cluster distribution in Northeast China. Research results show that the employment distribution in the northeast region,which is measured by the number of employed people,presents an obvious multi-center spatial structure. The employment center is concentrated in Dalian-Harbin and moves northwest. The employment space agglomeration characteristics in the Northeast region are further enhanced,and the intensive index increased. The industrial clusters in the northeast region which occupy the dominant position of agglomeration are still occupying a significant advantage. However,the location entropy of most industrial clusters is getting smaller,showing a tendency to agglomerate.
Based on the micro-data of the first and second national economic census enterprises,this paper uses spatial autocorrelation analysis,standard deviation ellipse,kernel density estimation and other GIS analysis methods to study the spatial pattern characteristics of industrial cluster distribution in Northeast China. Research results show that the employment distribution in the northeast region,which is measured by the number of employed people,presents an obvious multi-center spatial structure. The employment center is concentrated in Dalian-Harbin and moves northwest. The employment space agglomeration characteristics in the Northeast region are further enhanced,and the intensive index increased. The industrial clusters in the northeast region which occupy the dominant position of agglomeration are still occupying a significant advantage. However,the location entropy of most industrial clusters is getting smaller,showing a tendency to agglomerate.
引文
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[23] SILVERMAN B W. Spline Smoothing:The Equivalent Variable Kernel Method[J]. Annals of Statistics,1984,12(3):898-916.
[2]韦伯.工业区位论[M].李刚剑,译.北京:商务印书馆,2011.
[3]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].章洞易,译.北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[4]勒施.经济空间秩序[M].王守礼,译.北京:商务印书馆,2011.
[5] KRUGMAN P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1991,99(3):483-499.
[6] PORTER M E. Competitive Advantage:Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance[M]. New York:Simon and Schuster,2008.
[7] PORTER M E. Location,Competition,and Economic Development:Local Clusters in A Global Economy[J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2016,14(1):15-34.
[8] PORTER M E. On Competition[M]. Boston:Harvard Business Press,2008.
[9] PORTER M E. The Economic Performance of Regions[J].Regional Studies,2003,37(6/7):549-578.
[10]卢时雨,鞠晓伟.产业集群对振兴“东北老工业基地”的作用机理及对策研究[J].现代情报,2007,27(3):174-177.
[11]高斌,丁四保.东北地区产业集群发展问题及战略研究[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(2):74-78.
[12]钱平凡.振兴东北老工业基地要实施产业集群发展战略[J].经济纵横,2004(1):31-34.
[13] DELGADO M,PORTER M E,STERN S. Defining Clusters of Related Industries[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2015,16(1):1-38.
[14]沙勇,郭洁.京津冀地区就业增长的空间集散趋势分析[J].人口与发展,2014,20(5):2-9.
[15]古恒宇,周麟,沈体雁,等.基于空间句法的长江中游城市群公路交通网络研究[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(5):24-29.
[16]古恒宇,肖凡,沈体雁,等.中国城市流动人口居留意愿的地区差异与影响因素——基于2015年流动人口动态监测数据[J].经济地理,2018,38(11):22-29.
[17]赵作权.空间格局统计与空间经济分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[18]赵璐,赵作权.基于特征椭圆的中国经济空间分异研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):979-986.
[19] GONG J. Clarifying the Standard Deviational Ellipse[J].Geographical Analysis,2002,34(2):155-167.
[20]王彦博,古恒宇,周麟,等. 2007—2016年我国工业用地出让的空间格局及其演变[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(3):148-154.
[21] PARZEN E. On Estimation of A Probability Density Function and Mode[J]. Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1962,33(3):1065-1076.
[22] ROSENBLATT M. Remarks on Some Nonparametric Estimates of A Density Function[J]. Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1956,27(3):832-837.
[23] SILVERMAN B W. Spline Smoothing:The Equivalent Variable Kernel Method[J]. Annals of Statistics,1984,12(3):898-916.
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