中国东北诺敏河火山岩石圈变形:来自剪切波分裂的证据
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摘要
中国东北新生代板内火山广泛发育,其中诺敏河火山由于上地幔结构研究的匮乏,火山成因尚不明确.利用布设在诺敏河火山周围的40个流动台站所记录到的远震剪切波数据,测量得到82对各向异性参数和219个无效分裂结果.结果表明,研究区快慢波延迟时间变化范围为0.4～1.4s,平均0.78±0.21s;各向异性快波方向范围为N77°W—N18°E,绝大多数快波方向集中在N6.9°W±9.87°,平行于中生代晚期岩石圈伸展变形方向,推测由残留在岩石圈中的化石各向异性所引起.同时,在火山中心及周边部分台站,只观测到无效分裂而没有观测到有效分裂结果,可能是由于残存在岩石圈内的古老形变被上涌的热地幔物质所侵蚀.
Cenozoic intraplate volcanoes are widely present in Northeast China,among which the Nuomin River volcano′s causative mechanism is poorly understood due to the lack of detailed constraints on the upper mantle structure beneath this region.A total of 82 pairs of shear wave splitting measurements and 219 null measurements are obtained at 40 temporary seismic stations.These data suggest that delay times vary from 0.4 sto 1.4 swith an average value of 0.78±0.21 s;while fast directions trending N77°W to N18°E with a mean value of N6.9°W±9.87°at most of stations.Fossil anisotropy within lithosphere is considered to be the main origin of anisotropy since the fast directions are in line with extensional orientation of the Late Mesozoic lithosphere in this area.Meanwhile,solely null measurements are measured at 19 stations,implying possible lithospheric thermal erosion by hot mantle upwelling.
Cenozoic intraplate volcanoes are widely present in Northeast China,among which the Nuomin River volcano′s causative mechanism is poorly understood due to the lack of detailed constraints on the upper mantle structure beneath this region.A total of 82 pairs of shear wave splitting measurements and 219 null measurements are obtained at 40 temporary seismic stations.These data suggest that delay times vary from 0.4 sto 1.4 swith an average value of 0.78±0.21 s;while fast directions trending N77°W to N18°E with a mean value of N6.9°W±9.87°at most of stations.Fossil anisotropy within lithosphere is considered to be the main origin of anisotropy since the fast directions are in line with extensional orientation of the Late Mesozoic lithosphere in this area.Meanwhile,solely null measurements are measured at 19 stations,implying possible lithospheric thermal erosion by hot mantle upwelling.
引文
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Fan Q C,Zhao Y W,Sui J L,et al.2012.Studies on Quaternary volcanism stages of Nuomin river area in the Great Xing′an Range:Evidence from petrology,K-Ar dating and volcanic geology features.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),28(4):1092-1098.
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Gao S S,Liu K H,Abdelsalam M G.2010.Seismic anisotropy beneath the Afar Depression and adjacent areas:Implications for mantle flow.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B2):B12330,doi:10.1029/2009JB007141.
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Huang Z C,Wang L S,Zhao D P,et al.2011.Seismic anisotropy and mantle dynamics beneath China.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,306(1-2):105-117,doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.03.038.
King S D,Ritsema J.2000.African hot spot volcanism:small-scale convection in the upper mantle beneath cratons.Science,290(5494):1137-1140,doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1137.
Koppers A A P,Staudigel H,Pringle M S,et al.2003.Short-lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific:Hot spots or extensional volcanism?.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,4(10):1089,doi:10.1029/2003GC000533.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2005.P-wave tomography and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia.Tectonophysics,397(3-4):281-295,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.12.009.
Li J,Niu F L.2010.Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow beneath northeast China inferred from regional seismic networks.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B12):B12327,doi:10.1029/2010JB007470.
Liu K H,Gao S S,Gao Y,et al.2008.Shear wave splitting and mantle flow associated with the deflected Pacific slab beneath northeast Asia.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,113(B1):B01305,doi:10.1029/2007JB005178.
Long M D,Benoit M H,Chapman M C,et al.2010.Upper mantle anisotropy and transition zone thickness beneath southeastern North America and implications for mantle dynamics.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,11(10):Q10012,doi:10.1029/2010GC003247.
Makeyeva L I,Vinnik L P,Roecker S W.1992.Shear-wave splitting and small-scale convection in the continental upper mantle.Nature,358(6382):144-147,doi:10.1038/358144a0.
Qiang Z Y,Wu Q J.2015 Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the north of northeast China and its dynamic significance.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(10):3540-3552,doi:10.6038/cjg20151010.
Qiang Z Y,Wu Q J,Li Y H,et al.2017.Complicated seismic anisotropy beneath south-central Mongolia and its geodynamic implications.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,465:126-133,doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.035.
Ren J Y,Tamaki K,Li S T,et al.2002.Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,344(3-4):175-205,doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00271-2.
Savage M K.1999.Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation:What have we learned from shear wave splitting?Reviews of Geophysics,37(1):65-106,doi:10.1029/98RG02075.
爦eng9r A M C,Natal′in B A,Burtman V S.1993.Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia.Nature,364(6435):299-307,doi:10.1038/364299a0.
Shao J A,Zhang W L,Zhang C.2008.Mantle enrichment of Wudalianchi volcanic rock belt.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),24(11):2485-2494.
Shao J A,Zhang W L,Zhou X H,et al.2009.Discovery of Xiaogulihe perpotassic basic and ultrabasic volcanic rock in the north-west Heilongjiang province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),25(10):2642-2650.
Silver P G,Chan W W.1988.Implications for continental structure and evolution from seismic anisotropy.Nature,335(6185):34-39,doi:10.1038/335034a0.
Silver P G,Chan W W.1991.Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,96(10):16429-16454,doi:10.1029/91JB00899.
Silver P G.1996.Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents:probing the depths of geology.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,24:385-432,doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.24.1.385.
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