重庆市黔江猕猴桃果园土壤养分状况分析
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摘要
为全面了解重庆市黔江区猕猴桃果园土壤养分状况,对黔江区具有代表性的果园土壤进行实地取样,系统分析了黔江猕猴桃果园土壤的p H、有机质、阳离子交换量、土壤中植物营养元素和重要生命元素全量及有效量。结果表明:黔江猕猴桃果园土壤整体呈中到酸性,有机质含量较丰富,平均值达到2.89%,但土壤阳离子交换量整体偏低,4级(中偏贫)和5级(贫缺)水平的样本累计占75%;果园土壤大量营养元素氮、磷和钾含量总体较好,但部分样点已经超过猕猴桃适宜生长的范围,中量营养元素钙整体缺乏,个别地区含量丰富,镁含量整体丰富,个别地区较缺乏,微量元素铁、锰和钼含量在不同采样点差异较大,研究区土壤总体富硒。综合以上分析,建议在今后的施肥过程中,可增施有机肥,以提高有机质含量和土壤阳离子交换量;维持或适量增加氮肥的施用量,控制磷肥和钾肥的施用量;对于土壤中微量元素的缺乏,是否需要施肥,还需进一步研究。
In order to fully understand the nutrient status of kiwifruit orchard soil in Qianjiang District of Chongqing City,the authors systematically analyzed soil p H,organic matter,cation exchange capacity,and total and effective content of plant nutrient and life elements in soil. The results show that the soil in Qianjiang kiwifruit orchards is moderate to acidic,rich in organic matter,with an average of 2.89%,but the cation exchange capacity of soil is relatively low,with 75% of the total samples in grade 4( middle-poor) and 5( poor) levels. The values of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the orchard soil are generally good,but some of the samples have exceeded the suitable growth range of kiwifruit. The content of medium element Ca is deficient,while the content of medium element Mg is abundant in many areas. The content of trace elements Fe,Mn and Mo varies greatly in different sampling points. The soil in the study area is rich in Se on the whole. Based on the above analysis,it is suggested that,in the future fertilization process,more organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the content of organic matter and soil cation exchange capacity,the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be maintained or appropriately increased and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be controlled. In addition,whether fertilization is necessary for tackling the deficiency of trace elements in soil needs further study.
In order to fully understand the nutrient status of kiwifruit orchard soil in Qianjiang District of Chongqing City,the authors systematically analyzed soil p H,organic matter,cation exchange capacity,and total and effective content of plant nutrient and life elements in soil. The results show that the soil in Qianjiang kiwifruit orchards is moderate to acidic,rich in organic matter,with an average of 2.89%,but the cation exchange capacity of soil is relatively low,with 75% of the total samples in grade 4( middle-poor) and 5( poor) levels. The values of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the orchard soil are generally good,but some of the samples have exceeded the suitable growth range of kiwifruit. The content of medium element Ca is deficient,while the content of medium element Mg is abundant in many areas. The content of trace elements Fe,Mn and Mo varies greatly in different sampling points. The soil in the study area is rich in Se on the whole. Based on the above analysis,it is suggested that,in the future fertilization process,more organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the content of organic matter and soil cation exchange capacity,the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be maintained or appropriately increased and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be controlled. In addition,whether fertilization is necessary for tackling the deficiency of trace elements in soil needs further study.
引文
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[4]田有国,刘子勇,杨太新.几种不同土壤类型对冰糖橙产量和品质的影响研究[J].土壤肥料,1999(3):30-32.Tian Y G,Liu Z Y,Yang T X. Effects of different soil types on yield and quality of ice-sugar orange[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,1999(3):30-32.
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[6]张强,魏钦平,刘旭东,等.北京昌平苹果园土壤养分、pH与果实矿质营养的多元分析[J].果树学报,2011,28(3):377-383.Zhang Q,Wei Q P,Liu X D,et al. Multivariate analysis of relationship between soil nutrients,pH and fruit mineral nutrition in Fuji apple orchards of Changping,Beijing[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(3):377-383.
[7]曹裕,居玛汗·卡斯木,范鹏,等.陕西洛川旱塬苹果园地深层土壤水分和养分特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):388-396.Cao Y,Jumahan K,Fan P,et al. Moisture and nutrient characteristics of deep layer soil in apple orchards on the Luochuan highland of Shaanxi,Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(2):388-396.
[8] Fallahi E,Fallahi B,Neilsen G H,et al. Effects of Mineral nutrition on fruit quality and nutritional disorders in apples[J]. Acta Horticulturae,2010,868:49-60.
[9]兰子汉,姚智,陈瑞州,等.陵水芒果园土壤养分、pH与果实矿质营养的状况分析[J].热带作物学报,2018,39(3):426-432.Lan Z H,Yao Z,Chen R Z,et al. Analysis of soil nutrient,pH and fruit mineral nutrition in mango orchard in Lingshui[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2018,39(3):426-432.
[10]陈秀德,吴明波,姚伦俊.猕猴桃园绿肥还田对土壤肥力及猕猴桃产质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46(8):73-76.Chen X D,Wu M B,Yao L J. Effects of returning green manure to the field on soil fertility and kiwifruit yield and quality[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(8):73-76.
[11]王依,陈成,雷玉山,等.果园生草对土壤环境及果实品质相关因素研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017(19):174-179.Wang Y,Chen C,Lei Y S,et al. Research progress of interplanting grass in orchard on relevant factors of soil environment and fruit quality[J]. Northern Horticulture,2017(19):174-179.
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[13]杨妙贤,周玲艳,刘胜洪,等.猕猴桃果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(3):56-59.Yang M X,Zhou L Y,Liu S H,et al. Influences of orchard soil nutrients on kiwifruit fruit qualities in Heping county of Guangdong province[J]. China Forestry Science and Technology,2014,28(3):56-59.
[14]郁俊谊,刘占德,屈学农,等.高产稳产型红阳猕猴桃树体结构及土壤养分状况分析[J].北方园艺,2011,22:20-22.Yu J Y,Liu Z D,Qu X L,et al. Analysis of the tree structure and soil nutrients state to high yield kiwifruit orchard[J]. Northern Horticulture,2011,22:20-22.
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[16]黄伟,万明长,乔荣,等.贵州主要红阳猕猴桃园土壤养分状况分析[J].北方园艺,2013,7:191-193.Huang W,Wan M C,Qiao R,et al. Soil nutrient states of the main “Hongyang” kiwifruit orchards in Guizhou province[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,7:191-193.
[17]雷宝佳,杨联安,张林森,等.猕猴桃果园土壤养分空间变异性分析———以陕西周至县为例[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,45(2):323-326.Lei B J,Yang L A,Zhang L S,et al. Analysis on spatial variability of soil nutrition of kiwifruit orchards:taking Zhouzhi county of Shaanxi province as a case[J]. Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2015,45(2):323-326.
[18]康婷婷.秦岭北麓猕猴桃园营养状况及肥料效应研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2014.Kang T T. Nutrients in orchard and response of kiwifruit to fertilizer on the northern slope of Qinling[D]. Xi'an:Northwest A&F University,2014.
[19]郁俊谊,刘占德,赵菊琴.陕西猕猴桃主产区眉县果园土壤养分分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(4):117-126.Yu J Y,Liu Z D,Zhao J Q. Investigation of orchard nutrients in the major kiwi production region of Meixian of Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Nat. Sci. Ed.,2011,39(4):117-126.
[20]吴迪,彭熙,李安定,等.水城县主要猕猴桃果园土壤养分分析及酸碱度改良方法探讨[J].贵州科学,2014,32(4):94-96.Wu D,Peng X,Li A D,et al. Analysis on soil nutrients and discussion on improved methods of soil pH in kiwifruit orchards of Shuicheng county[J]. Guizhou Science,2014,32(4):94-96.
[21]中国地质调查局.DD2005—03地质调查技术标准区域生态地球化学评价技术要求[S].2005.China geological survey. DD2005—03 Technical standard for geological survey,technical requirements for regional biogeochemical evaluation[S]. 2005.
[22]四川省农牧厅.四川省第二次土壤普查数据资料汇编[R].成都:四川省土壤普查办公室,1992.Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.Data compilation of the second soil survey in Sichuan province[R].Chengdu:Sichuan soil census office,1992.
[23]中国地质调查局基础调查部.全国多目标区域地球化学调查进展与成果[R].2010.China Geological Survey. Progress and Results of Multi-target Regional Geochemical Survey in China[R].2010.
[24]李家熙,张光第,葛晓云,等.人体硒缺乏与过剩的地球化学环境特征及其预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.Li J X,Zhang G D,Ge X Y,et al. Prediction and geochemical environmental character of human selenium imbalances[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2000.
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