镁合金熔体15kHz超声净化工艺及超声凝固的物理模拟
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摘要
镁及镁合金具有优良的机械性能,在现在工业领域得到了广泛的应用。但是镁及镁合金的化学性质活泼,熔炼时易发生氧化燃烧。目前镁及其合金熔体纯净度低,严重影响镁合金材料的性能。因此,研究高效去除镁合金中非金属夹杂物的方法具有重要的意义。
本文通过夹杂物相对面积分数分析和电导率检测的方法,研究了15kHz超声的处理工艺条件对AZ80和GW103K两种镁合金熔体中夹杂物凝聚沉降效果的影响,给出了两种合金超声净化的优化条件;同时采用超声处理对氯化铵饱和水溶液析出行为的影响物理模拟了15kHz超声凝固的行为。研究得出以下主要结论:
1.纯镁熔体中存在大量的氧化物夹杂,其夹杂物的形态主要为球状、块状、条带状、链状和以上各种形态组成的群落状;AZ80镁合金中的夹杂物主要为MgO和少量Mn、Zn和Y的氧化物;GW103K合金中的夹杂物主要是Y和Zr的氧化物和MgO组成;
2.15kHz超声处理AZ80和GW103K镁合金熔体可以实现氧化夹杂物的凝聚,加速沉降,提高净化效率;净化效果与超声功率、处理时间和熔体的静置时间和熔体温度密切相关。适当提高处理功率和延长处理后的静置时间可以增强净化效果,但处理时间过长不能提升净化效果;
3.对于650℃的AZ80镁合金熔体,200W超声处理30s并静置60s后可以达到较好的净化效果。此时,凝固组织中82%以上的夹杂物已经沉降到底层,而未经超声处理,静置240s的凝固组织只有65%左右的夹杂物沉降到底层;对于680℃的GW103K合金超声处理60s,熔体静置60s,200W时净化效果比较明显;此时,70%的夹杂物沉降到底层;710℃和730℃时,超声功率160W净化效果比较理想;沉降到底层的夹杂量分别为74%和65%;适当的超声处理时间(本实验30s)可以较好地净化熔体,延长超声处理时间对GW103K合金进一步净化的效果则表现不明显;
4.本实验中,电导率值在铸锭截面上的分布表征了超声处理熔体的净化程度。在AZ80和GW103K两种镁合金中,电导率值都随铸锭上夹杂物面积百分数值的增加而降低。本实验中电导率的变化幅度在AZ80合金中为10%IACS～14%IACS,GW103K合金中为6.0%IACS～8.4%IACS;
5.不同功率15kHz超声处理氯化铵溶液减慢了氯化铵溶液的降温速度;超声处理缩短了烧杯底部出现氯化铵颗粒的时间和溶液白浊化开始的时间,提高了烧杯底部出现氯化铵颗粒时的温度和白浊化开始的温度,并且改变了氯化铵晶体形态;
6.增大超声处理功率,氯化铵饱和溶液开始白浊化的时间和烧杯底部出现氯化铵颗粒的时间显著缩短,这表明,超声处理显著提高了结晶形核速度和晶粒长大行为;导致析出晶粒的形态明显圆整化,细化。
Magnesium and the magnesium alloys have many advanced mechanical properties. So it' s widely used in modern industry. But magnesium has active chemical properties, it is burning often when smelting magnesium or magnesium alloy. The low purification of magnesium and magnesium alloy effect the meterial properties greatly. So to study more effective methods to remove the oxide inclusion from the molten magnesium alloy has important meaning.
In this paper, the relative area fraction of inclusion and the electric conductivity is used to character the best factors in 15kHz ultrasonic purification processing of AZ80 and Mg-10Gd-5Y-0.6Zr Magnesium Alloy Melts. The separation of NH_4Cl saturated solution after ultrasonic treatment physical analogue the solidity precessing. The following results were summarized:
1. There are a large number of oxidation inclusions in magnesium which distribute with the spot-type, massive, line-type, stripline-type and combination of several patterns; The inclusions in magneisum alloys AZ80 are MgO and oxidation of Mn, Zn, Y; The oxidations of Y and Zr, MgO are the main inclusions in GW103K alloys;
2. 15kHz ultrasonic processing on AZ80 and GW103K alloys can get the oxide inclusion gathering, accelerate them deposition, improve the purification efficiency and it is closely related with the treating time、holding time and metal temperature.Fairly increase power and the holding time can improve the purification degree. If the holding time is too long, an adverse result can be got;
3. Meltal temperature 650℃, treating time30s, holding time60s, the ultrasonic power 200W can greadly improve the purification degree of AZ80 alloy and above 82% of inclusions deposited in the bottom layer. Hoever, 65% of inclusions deposited in the bottom laye just by holding time 240s. Melt temperature 680℃, treating time 60s, holding time60s, ultrasonic power 200W; The best purification condition is that 70% of inclutions deposite in bottom layer. Matal temperature 710℃and 730℃, The best purification conditions are that 74% and 65% of inclutions deposited in bottom layer individuals.Treating time 30s can bring a better purification condition, extending treating time can not improve the purification degree;
4. The electric conductivities of metal ingots can character the purification conditions in this paper. The electric conducties are all reducing with the increasing of area fraction of inclusion in AZ80 and GW103k alloy. The electric conducties is between 10%IACS~14%IACS in AZ80 alloy and between 6.0%IACS～8.4IACS in GW103K alloy;
5. The cooling rate of NH_4Cl saturated solution is reduced by 15kHz ultrasonic treatment; The opacification start time and the NH_4Cl grain present time on the beaker base be cut down The NH_4Cl grain present temperature and the opacification start temperature rised. and the crystal morphology of NH_4Cl be alternated;
6. The opacification start time and the NH_4Cl grain present time can be shorted down notablely, when the ultrasonic is improving Power. It indicates that 15kHz ultrasonic treatment.can notablely increase the nucleate rate and the growing behavior of crystal grain; so it lead to that the shape of particle become rounded and grain size became smaller.
本文通过夹杂物相对面积分数分析和电导率检测的方法,研究了15kHz超声的处理工艺条件对AZ80和GW103K两种镁合金熔体中夹杂物凝聚沉降效果的影响,给出了两种合金超声净化的优化条件;同时采用超声处理对氯化铵饱和水溶液析出行为的影响物理模拟了15kHz超声凝固的行为。研究得出以下主要结论:
1.纯镁熔体中存在大量的氧化物夹杂,其夹杂物的形态主要为球状、块状、条带状、链状和以上各种形态组成的群落状;AZ80镁合金中的夹杂物主要为MgO和少量Mn、Zn和Y的氧化物;GW103K合金中的夹杂物主要是Y和Zr的氧化物和MgO组成;
2.15kHz超声处理AZ80和GW103K镁合金熔体可以实现氧化夹杂物的凝聚,加速沉降,提高净化效率;净化效果与超声功率、处理时间和熔体的静置时间和熔体温度密切相关。适当提高处理功率和延长处理后的静置时间可以增强净化效果,但处理时间过长不能提升净化效果;
3.对于650℃的AZ80镁合金熔体,200W超声处理30s并静置60s后可以达到较好的净化效果。此时,凝固组织中82%以上的夹杂物已经沉降到底层,而未经超声处理,静置240s的凝固组织只有65%左右的夹杂物沉降到底层;对于680℃的GW103K合金超声处理60s,熔体静置60s,200W时净化效果比较明显;此时,70%的夹杂物沉降到底层;710℃和730℃时,超声功率160W净化效果比较理想;沉降到底层的夹杂量分别为74%和65%;适当的超声处理时间(本实验30s)可以较好地净化熔体,延长超声处理时间对GW103K合金进一步净化的效果则表现不明显;
4.本实验中,电导率值在铸锭截面上的分布表征了超声处理熔体的净化程度。在AZ80和GW103K两种镁合金中,电导率值都随铸锭上夹杂物面积百分数值的增加而降低。本实验中电导率的变化幅度在AZ80合金中为10%IACS～14%IACS,GW103K合金中为6.0%IACS～8.4%IACS;
5.不同功率15kHz超声处理氯化铵溶液减慢了氯化铵溶液的降温速度;超声处理缩短了烧杯底部出现氯化铵颗粒的时间和溶液白浊化开始的时间,提高了烧杯底部出现氯化铵颗粒时的温度和白浊化开始的温度,并且改变了氯化铵晶体形态;
6.增大超声处理功率,氯化铵饱和溶液开始白浊化的时间和烧杯底部出现氯化铵颗粒的时间显著缩短,这表明,超声处理显著提高了结晶形核速度和晶粒长大行为;导致析出晶粒的形态明显圆整化,细化。
Magnesium and the magnesium alloys have many advanced mechanical properties. So it' s widely used in modern industry. But magnesium has active chemical properties, it is burning often when smelting magnesium or magnesium alloy. The low purification of magnesium and magnesium alloy effect the meterial properties greatly. So to study more effective methods to remove the oxide inclusion from the molten magnesium alloy has important meaning.
In this paper, the relative area fraction of inclusion and the electric conductivity is used to character the best factors in 15kHz ultrasonic purification processing of AZ80 and Mg-10Gd-5Y-0.6Zr Magnesium Alloy Melts. The separation of NH_4Cl saturated solution after ultrasonic treatment physical analogue the solidity precessing. The following results were summarized:
1. There are a large number of oxidation inclusions in magnesium which distribute with the spot-type, massive, line-type, stripline-type and combination of several patterns; The inclusions in magneisum alloys AZ80 are MgO and oxidation of Mn, Zn, Y; The oxidations of Y and Zr, MgO are the main inclusions in GW103K alloys;
2. 15kHz ultrasonic processing on AZ80 and GW103K alloys can get the oxide inclusion gathering, accelerate them deposition, improve the purification efficiency and it is closely related with the treating time、holding time and metal temperature.Fairly increase power and the holding time can improve the purification degree. If the holding time is too long, an adverse result can be got;
3. Meltal temperature 650℃, treating time30s, holding time60s, the ultrasonic power 200W can greadly improve the purification degree of AZ80 alloy and above 82% of inclusions deposited in the bottom layer. Hoever, 65% of inclusions deposited in the bottom laye just by holding time 240s. Melt temperature 680℃, treating time 60s, holding time60s, ultrasonic power 200W; The best purification condition is that 70% of inclutions deposite in bottom layer. Matal temperature 710℃and 730℃, The best purification conditions are that 74% and 65% of inclutions deposited in bottom layer individuals.Treating time 30s can bring a better purification condition, extending treating time can not improve the purification degree;
4. The electric conductivities of metal ingots can character the purification conditions in this paper. The electric conducties are all reducing with the increasing of area fraction of inclusion in AZ80 and GW103k alloy. The electric conducties is between 10%IACS~14%IACS in AZ80 alloy and between 6.0%IACS～8.4IACS in GW103K alloy;
5. The cooling rate of NH_4Cl saturated solution is reduced by 15kHz ultrasonic treatment; The opacification start time and the NH_4Cl grain present time on the beaker base be cut down The NH_4Cl grain present temperature and the opacification start temperature rised. and the crystal morphology of NH_4Cl be alternated;
6. The opacification start time and the NH_4Cl grain present time can be shorted down notablely, when the ultrasonic is improving Power. It indicates that 15kHz ultrasonic treatment.can notablely increase the nucleate rate and the growing behavior of crystal grain; so it lead to that the shape of particle become rounded and grain size became smaller.
引文
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