ZnO基纳米结构的制备及其在染料敏化电池的应用
摘要
本文中我们采用热蒸发法制备垂直可控的ZnO纳米线阵列,通过简单的旋涂钛酸四丁酯水解溶液并进行退火处理,成功在ZnO纳米线阵列上生长TiO2壳层结构。利用扫描电子显微镜,高分辨透射电镜,X射线衍射以及光致发光谱等各种测试手段详细分析了ZnO纳米结构的各种形貌、结构和性能。主要得到以下结论：
(1)通过对衬底进行各种预处理方式研究分析以及生长机理的探讨,我们得到了垂直性好的ZnO纳米线阵列。
(2)通过对籽晶层薄膜和生长工艺参数的调节,我们实现了对ZnO纳米线阵列的可控生长。我们发现,籽晶层薄膜的取向性和晶粒大小直接影响纳米线垂直取向和直径大小,分析了各工艺参数变化影响纳米线整列形貌的原因。解释了籽晶层在生长过程中所起的作用。
(3)我们首次实现了通过简单旋涂烧结法制备ZnO/TiO2的核壳结构,该方法简单方便,可复制性强,可以应用在其他材料的核壳结构生长。
(4)包覆TiO2后的纳米线阵列制成的太阳能染料敏化电池性能对比纯ZnO纳米线阵列,我们取得了良好的光电转化效率～3%,转化效率增长50%,主要原因可以解释为包覆TiO2后,在TiO2和ZnO之间由于一定的电子浓度差,从而形成了自建电势,在一定程度上优化了电池的光电转化效率。
Here we synthesized the well vertical-orientated ZnO nanowire arrays by thermal evaporation. Besides, we realized the preparation of the ZnO/TiO2 core-shell nanostructure, using simple spin-coating the hydrolyzate and anneal. The morphology, structure and property of these samples were characterized in details through Scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra. From the result of measurements, we have several conclusions as follows:
(1) With the help of analyzing different preprocessing methods and the growth method, we realized the preparation of the well vertical-orientated ZnO nanowire arrays
(2)We achieved the controllable growth of the ZnO nanowire array. If we changed the ZnO seed layer or the parameter of the growth, we can get different ZnO nanowire. We concluded that the seed layer played an important role on the diameter and the vertical-orientated direction of ZnO nanowire array, we also explained the mechanism.
(3) We first used the sample spin-coating and anneal to realize the ZnO core shell nanostructure. This method was highly reproducible and can be applied to grow other core-shell materials.
(4) TiO2 shell did an important role in improving the performance of the DSSCs. The overall conversion efficiency of the ZnO/TiO2 core shell cell can be attained to-3.0%, and it may be obviously increased by-50%compared with sample of only ZnO nanowire array sample. The most important reason may be attributed the potential field, which was formed by the different electron density in the two materials.
(1)通过对衬底进行各种预处理方式研究分析以及生长机理的探讨,我们得到了垂直性好的ZnO纳米线阵列。
(2)通过对籽晶层薄膜和生长工艺参数的调节,我们实现了对ZnO纳米线阵列的可控生长。我们发现,籽晶层薄膜的取向性和晶粒大小直接影响纳米线垂直取向和直径大小,分析了各工艺参数变化影响纳米线整列形貌的原因。解释了籽晶层在生长过程中所起的作用。
(3)我们首次实现了通过简单旋涂烧结法制备ZnO/TiO2的核壳结构,该方法简单方便,可复制性强,可以应用在其他材料的核壳结构生长。
(4)包覆TiO2后的纳米线阵列制成的太阳能染料敏化电池性能对比纯ZnO纳米线阵列,我们取得了良好的光电转化效率～3%,转化效率增长50%,主要原因可以解释为包覆TiO2后,在TiO2和ZnO之间由于一定的电子浓度差,从而形成了自建电势,在一定程度上优化了电池的光电转化效率。
Here we synthesized the well vertical-orientated ZnO nanowire arrays by thermal evaporation. Besides, we realized the preparation of the ZnO/TiO2 core-shell nanostructure, using simple spin-coating the hydrolyzate and anneal. The morphology, structure and property of these samples were characterized in details through Scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra. From the result of measurements, we have several conclusions as follows:
(1) With the help of analyzing different preprocessing methods and the growth method, we realized the preparation of the well vertical-orientated ZnO nanowire arrays
(2)We achieved the controllable growth of the ZnO nanowire array. If we changed the ZnO seed layer or the parameter of the growth, we can get different ZnO nanowire. We concluded that the seed layer played an important role on the diameter and the vertical-orientated direction of ZnO nanowire array, we also explained the mechanism.
(3) We first used the sample spin-coating and anneal to realize the ZnO core shell nanostructure. This method was highly reproducible and can be applied to grow other core-shell materials.
(4) TiO2 shell did an important role in improving the performance of the DSSCs. The overall conversion efficiency of the ZnO/TiO2 core shell cell can be attained to-3.0%, and it may be obviously increased by-50%compared with sample of only ZnO nanowire array sample. The most important reason may be attributed the potential field, which was formed by the different electron density in the two materials.
引文
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[23]Y H Huang, Y Zhang, Y S Gu. field emission of a single in doped ZnO nanowire. J Physics Chemical C,2007,111:9039-9043.
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[25]N Daneshvar, D Salari, A R Khataee. Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alter native catalyst to TiO2. Journal of Photochemistry and photo biology A: Chemistry,2004,162:317-322.
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