渭河流域水体中外源性环境激素的污染调查及分析
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摘要
环境激素(EDCs)是目前危害最强的持久性污染物之一,它可以改变人类和野生动物的内分泌系统,导致生殖、发育和行为异常。本文以环境激素中的4种邻苯二甲酸酯物质PAEs(邻苯二甲酸二乙酯DEP、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBP、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯DCHP、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯DEHP)及3种多环芳烃物质PAHs(萘、菲、荧蒽)作为研究对象,研究了其在渭河流域及西安市某污水处理厂处理过程中的分布及迁移规律,主要结果如下:
(1)渭河流域PAEs污染状况。在渭河流域23个采样点中,邻苯二甲酸酯类物质检出率达到100%。渭河流域中下游水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质中DEP的质量浓度为0.057~1.434μg·L-1;DBP的质量浓度为0.365~1.550μg·L-1;DCHP的质量浓度为0.014~3.628μg·L-1;DEHP的质量浓度为0.673~31.496μg·L-1;邻苯二甲酸酯类物质总质量浓度为1.307~38.020μg·L-1。PAEs四类物质含量依次为:DEHP>DBP>DEP>DCHP。在支流中,PAEs总浓度排列依次为:石头河>漆水河>千河>金陵河>黑河>沋河>沣河>临河>浐河＞皂河＞灞河＞新河＞泾河＞北洛河＞涝河；在干流中PAEs总浓度排列依次为:林家村>常兴桥>耿镇桥>沙王渡>新丰桥>咸阳铁桥>潼关吊桥>天江人渡,其中DBP与DEHP含量超过中国地表水质标准;
(2)渭河流域PAHs污染状况。在渭河流域23个采样点中,多环芳烃类中萘的检出率为91%,菲和荧蒽的检出率为100%。萘的质量浓度为26.60~1054.45ng·L-1,其中涝河与泾河未检出;菲的质量浓度为126.27~1258.63ng·L-1;荧蒽的质量浓度为66.26~945.79ng·L;多环芳烃类物质总质量浓度为200.35~2339.11ng·L-1。PAHs三类物质含量依次为:菲>萘>荧蒽。在支流中,PAHs总浓度排列依次为:金陵河>皂河>漆水河>浐河＞临河＞北洛河＞石头河＞黑河＞千河＞灞河＞沣河＞新河＞沋河>泾河>涝河;在干流中,PAHs总浓度排列依次为:常兴桥>天江人渡>咸阳铁桥>新丰桥>林家村>耿镇桥>潼关吊桥>沙王渡,其中萘、菲、荧蒽都超过中国地表水质标准。
(3)对渭河支流皂河附近某污水处理厂EDCs污染状况进行研究。该污水处理厂邻苯二甲酸酯检测到DBP(0.024~0.406μg·L-1)、DEHP(1.944~34.385μg·L-1)两类物质,多环芳烃检测到萘(0.849~1.903ng·L-1)、菲(1.7~26.32 ng·L-1)两类物质,水质出水均符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996),排放达标100%。该污水处理厂对皂河中EDCs物质含量有影响。
Environment endocrine disruptors are a series of chemical compounds in environment. It may affect human and wildlifes on their normal endocrines, cause reproductive, developmental and behavioral disorder. In this paper, four phthalic acid esters (DEP, DBP, DCHP, DEHP) and three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene)have been studied, which are environmental hormone. On the Weihe River water and the water quality of a sewage treatment plant in Xi'an by solid phase extraction devices, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the determination, the main findings of the review and visual examinations were as follows:
(1) The PAEs pollution in Weihe River water was studied. In the Weihe River water 23 samples were collected, phthalate esters detection rate was 100%. In the downstream of Weihe River water, the concentration of the DEP were between 0.057 and 1.434μg·L-1; the concentration of the DBP were between 0.365 and 1.550μg·L-1; the concentration of the DCHP were between 0.014 and 3.628μg·L-1; the concentration of the DEHP were between 0.673 and 31.496μg·L-1. The total mass of phthalate esters concentration were between 1.307 and 38.020μg·L-1. The successive order of PAEs were DEHP, DBP, DEP and DCHP. In the tributaries, the order of PAEs’total concentration was as follows: Stone River>Qishui River>Qian River>Jinling River>Black River >You River>Fenghe Rive>Lin River>Chan River>Zao River>Ba River>Xin River>Jing River>North Luo River>Lao River;In the main stream ,the order of PAEs’total concentration was as follows: linjiacun>Chang-xing Bridge >gengzhen Bridge>Sha Wang Du>Xinfeng Bridge>Xianyang Iron Bridge >Tongguan Bridge>Tianjiangrendu.
(2) The PAHs pollution in Weihe River water was studied. Naphthalene detection rate was 91%, but phenanthrene and fluoranthene detection rate was 100%.The concentration of naphthalene were between 26.60 and 1054.45 ng·L-1, which Law River and Jing River were not detected; the concentration of phenanthrene were 126.27 and 1258.63 ng·L-1; the concentration of fluoranthene were between 66.26 and 945.79 ng·L-1; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the total mass concentration of substances were between 200.35 and 2339.11 ng·L-1. The successive order of PAHs was phenanthrene, naphthalene and fluoranthene. In the tributaries, the order of PAHs’total concentration was as follows: Jinling River>Zao River>Qishui River>Chan River>Lin River>Beiluo River>Stone River>Black River>Qian River>Ba River>Feng River>Xin River>You River>Jing River >Lao River; In the main stream, the order of PAHs’total concentration was as follows: Chang-xing bridge>Tianjiangrendu>Xianyang Iron Bridge >Xinfeng Bridge>linjiacun>Gengzhen Bridge>Tongguan Bridge>Shawang Du.
(3) The water quality in certain Sewage Treatment Plant was studied. The sewage treatment plants were detected in DBP (0.024 ~ 0.406μg·L-1), DEHP (1.944 ~ 34.385μg·L-1) ,naphthalene (0.849 ~ 1.903 ng·L-1) and phenanthrene (1.7 ~ 26.32 ng·L-1). Water quality are in line with《Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard》(GB8978-1996), emissions compliance were 100%. The EDCs in sewage treatment plants affected Zao River.
(1)渭河流域PAEs污染状况。在渭河流域23个采样点中,邻苯二甲酸酯类物质检出率达到100%。渭河流域中下游水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质中DEP的质量浓度为0.057~1.434μg·L-1;DBP的质量浓度为0.365~1.550μg·L-1;DCHP的质量浓度为0.014~3.628μg·L-1;DEHP的质量浓度为0.673~31.496μg·L-1;邻苯二甲酸酯类物质总质量浓度为1.307~38.020μg·L-1。PAEs四类物质含量依次为:DEHP>DBP>DEP>DCHP。在支流中,PAEs总浓度排列依次为:石头河>漆水河>千河>金陵河>黑河>沋河>沣河>临河>浐河＞皂河＞灞河＞新河＞泾河＞北洛河＞涝河；在干流中PAEs总浓度排列依次为:林家村>常兴桥>耿镇桥>沙王渡>新丰桥>咸阳铁桥>潼关吊桥>天江人渡,其中DBP与DEHP含量超过中国地表水质标准;
(2)渭河流域PAHs污染状况。在渭河流域23个采样点中,多环芳烃类中萘的检出率为91%,菲和荧蒽的检出率为100%。萘的质量浓度为26.60~1054.45ng·L-1,其中涝河与泾河未检出;菲的质量浓度为126.27~1258.63ng·L-1;荧蒽的质量浓度为66.26~945.79ng·L;多环芳烃类物质总质量浓度为200.35~2339.11ng·L-1。PAHs三类物质含量依次为:菲>萘>荧蒽。在支流中,PAHs总浓度排列依次为:金陵河>皂河>漆水河>浐河＞临河＞北洛河＞石头河＞黑河＞千河＞灞河＞沣河＞新河＞沋河>泾河>涝河;在干流中,PAHs总浓度排列依次为:常兴桥>天江人渡>咸阳铁桥>新丰桥>林家村>耿镇桥>潼关吊桥>沙王渡,其中萘、菲、荧蒽都超过中国地表水质标准。
(3)对渭河支流皂河附近某污水处理厂EDCs污染状况进行研究。该污水处理厂邻苯二甲酸酯检测到DBP(0.024~0.406μg·L-1)、DEHP(1.944~34.385μg·L-1)两类物质,多环芳烃检测到萘(0.849~1.903ng·L-1)、菲(1.7~26.32 ng·L-1)两类物质,水质出水均符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996),排放达标100%。该污水处理厂对皂河中EDCs物质含量有影响。
Environment endocrine disruptors are a series of chemical compounds in environment. It may affect human and wildlifes on their normal endocrines, cause reproductive, developmental and behavioral disorder. In this paper, four phthalic acid esters (DEP, DBP, DCHP, DEHP) and three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene)have been studied, which are environmental hormone. On the Weihe River water and the water quality of a sewage treatment plant in Xi'an by solid phase extraction devices, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the determination, the main findings of the review and visual examinations were as follows:
(1) The PAEs pollution in Weihe River water was studied. In the Weihe River water 23 samples were collected, phthalate esters detection rate was 100%. In the downstream of Weihe River water, the concentration of the DEP were between 0.057 and 1.434μg·L-1; the concentration of the DBP were between 0.365 and 1.550μg·L-1; the concentration of the DCHP were between 0.014 and 3.628μg·L-1; the concentration of the DEHP were between 0.673 and 31.496μg·L-1. The total mass of phthalate esters concentration were between 1.307 and 38.020μg·L-1. The successive order of PAEs were DEHP, DBP, DEP and DCHP. In the tributaries, the order of PAEs’total concentration was as follows: Stone River>Qishui River>Qian River>Jinling River>Black River >You River>Fenghe Rive>Lin River>Chan River>Zao River>Ba River>Xin River>Jing River>North Luo River>Lao River;In the main stream ,the order of PAEs’total concentration was as follows: linjiacun>Chang-xing Bridge >gengzhen Bridge>Sha Wang Du>Xinfeng Bridge>Xianyang Iron Bridge >Tongguan Bridge>Tianjiangrendu.
(2) The PAHs pollution in Weihe River water was studied. Naphthalene detection rate was 91%, but phenanthrene and fluoranthene detection rate was 100%.The concentration of naphthalene were between 26.60 and 1054.45 ng·L-1, which Law River and Jing River were not detected; the concentration of phenanthrene were 126.27 and 1258.63 ng·L-1; the concentration of fluoranthene were between 66.26 and 945.79 ng·L-1; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the total mass concentration of substances were between 200.35 and 2339.11 ng·L-1. The successive order of PAHs was phenanthrene, naphthalene and fluoranthene. In the tributaries, the order of PAHs’total concentration was as follows: Jinling River>Zao River>Qishui River>Chan River>Lin River>Beiluo River>Stone River>Black River>Qian River>Ba River>Feng River>Xin River>You River>Jing River >Lao River; In the main stream, the order of PAHs’total concentration was as follows: Chang-xing bridge>Tianjiangrendu>Xianyang Iron Bridge >Xinfeng Bridge>linjiacun>Gengzhen Bridge>Tongguan Bridge>Shawang Du.
(3) The water quality in certain Sewage Treatment Plant was studied. The sewage treatment plants were detected in DBP (0.024 ~ 0.406μg·L-1), DEHP (1.944 ~ 34.385μg·L-1) ,naphthalene (0.849 ~ 1.903 ng·L-1) and phenanthrene (1.7 ~ 26.32 ng·L-1). Water quality are in line with《Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard》(GB8978-1996), emissions compliance were 100%. The EDCs in sewage treatment plants affected Zao River.
引文
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