持绿型小麦内源激素变化与持绿和抗旱关系研究
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摘要
试验于2008-2009年在西北农林科技大学生命科学学院防雨棚中进行,选用持绿型小麦品种豫麦66(YM66)、潍麦8号(WM8),普通品种小偃22(XY22)和早衰品种温麦6号(WM6)为试验材料,开花后进行不同程度干旱处理,研究花后干旱处理对持绿型小麦叶片衰老、气孔导度、内源激素变化及物质生产的影响,以探讨持绿小麦内源激素变化与持绿性、抗旱性的关系。主要结果如下:
1、在灌浆期,所有冬小麦品种绿叶面积、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量都呈现下降趋势,叶绿素酶活性和蛋白酶活性呈上升趋势。在不同的干旱条件下,中度胁迫处理的小麦都表现出明显的抗性。而且持绿型小麦的各项生理指标不论是上升还是下降幅度都比非持绿品种小,叶片衰老延迟,功能期延长,为储备营养物质奠定基础。
2、通过对不同干旱胁迫条件下各小麦品种激素的研究发现:所有小麦品种的IAA、ABA和MeJA含量呈上升趋势,CTK和GA含量呈下降趋势。其中重度干旱的非持绿小麦品种的IAA、ABA和MeJA含量上升幅度较大,相比之下,持绿型小麦IAA、ABA和MeJA含量较非持绿型小麦上升缓慢,而CTK和GA含量下降也缓慢。通过相关性分析表明,CTK和GA含量与绿叶面积呈极显著正相关,IAA和MeJA含量与绿叶面积呈显著负相关,说明持绿型小麦在灌浆后期保持较高的CTK和GA含量和较低的IAA和MeJA含量是其衰老延缓的主要原因。
3、四个小麦品种的旗叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率在整个生育期表现为缓慢增加,气孔导度在花后10天达到最大值,然后随着植株的衰老而减小;蒸腾速率在花后5天达到最大,然后逐渐减小。所有水分条件下的持绿型小麦气孔导度和蒸腾速率在整个生育期均高于非持绿小麦品种;四个小麦品种在重度干旱胁迫处理下,气孔导度和蒸腾速率明显低于正常水分处理品种。
5、不同冬小麦品种在严重干旱胁迫下穗重、穗粒数、千粒重、经济学产量和生物学产量都下降,中度干旱变化不明显。持绿型小麦在不同干旱处理下穗重、穗粒数、千粒重、经济学产量和生物学产量都相对较高,因此具有较高的增产能力。
4、正常供水条件下,各小麦品种的叶片,茎秆和颖壳的含水量最大。持绿型小麦叶片和茎秆在不同水分处理下均有相对较高的含水量,可能是由于持绿型小麦品种保水能力较强。不同冬小麦品种间,持绿型小麦花后营养器官的干物质转运量、营养器官对籽粒的贡献率都高于非持绿型小麦品种。
This experiment was carried out in pot whithin a rain-proof shelter in Northwest A&F Univesity during 2008 to 2009 using YM66 (stay-green type wheat)、WM8 (stay-green type wheat)、XY22 (normal type wheat) and WM6 (early-senescence type wheat). There were three water treatments after anthesis, that is control, moderate drought stress, severe drought stress , during grain filling stage. In order to study the relationship between endogenous hormones and stay-green、drought, we research the drought effect of leaf senescence、stomatal conductance、change of endogenous hormones and dry matter production. The results showed:
1. During the grain filling stage, the green leaf area、content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of all kinds of wheat reduced gradually. The active of chlorophyllase and proteinase went up.Under different drought conditions, middle stressed wheat showed obvious resistance. Compared with nonstay-green wheat the green leaf area、content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of stay-green wheat are all declined slowly at different levels, which maintained a long leaf functional period and laid the foundation of reserve nutritive material.
2. After researching the endogenous hormones content of all the wheat under different water treatment, we found that the content of IAA、ABA and MeJA present a increasing trend, and the content of CTK and GA present a descending trend. Especially, the content of IAA、ABA and MeJA of nonstay-green wheat under severe drought condition increased rapidly. By contrast, the content of IAA、ABA and MeJA of stay-green wheat went up slowly, and the content of CTK and GA went down slowly. After analysis of the correlation between content of endogenous hormones and senescence properties of wheat leaves, we found that the content of CTK and GA has an extremely positive relationship with green leaf area, and the content of IAA and MeJA has a negative relationship with green leaf area, which indicated that at the late stage of grain filling, high content of CTK and GA, low content of IAA and MeJA is the main reason to delay senescence for stay-green wheat.
3. During the growth and development period, the stomatal conductance increased from flowering stage and reached their maximal about 10 days after anthesis,and after that,declined gradually. The transpiration rate reached their maximal about 5 days after anthesis, then went down. Under different drought stress, compared with nonstay-green wheat the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of stay-green wheat are all higher during the grain filling stage. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of wheat under severe drought are obvious lower than contral watered wheat.
4. Under normal-watered condition, the leaves, stems and shells in different winter wheat present high water content. The leaves , stems and shells of stay-green wheat have a relatively high water content under different drought stress, delay senescence largely, this maybe results of maintaining water ability and high absorption ability of stay-green wheat. The dry matter transloction、dry matter transloction efficiency and the proportion of dry matter transloction in grain of leaves and stems of stay-green wheat are higher than nonstay-green wheat in different winter wheat.
5. The ear weight、kernels、grain weight、seed yield、total biomass of different wheat are all descend under severe drought stress, but its not so evident under midding drought stress. The stay-green wheat have larger ear weight、kernels、grain weight、seed yield、total biomass, so it has a better increase production ability.
1、在灌浆期,所有冬小麦品种绿叶面积、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量都呈现下降趋势,叶绿素酶活性和蛋白酶活性呈上升趋势。在不同的干旱条件下,中度胁迫处理的小麦都表现出明显的抗性。而且持绿型小麦的各项生理指标不论是上升还是下降幅度都比非持绿品种小,叶片衰老延迟,功能期延长,为储备营养物质奠定基础。
2、通过对不同干旱胁迫条件下各小麦品种激素的研究发现:所有小麦品种的IAA、ABA和MeJA含量呈上升趋势,CTK和GA含量呈下降趋势。其中重度干旱的非持绿小麦品种的IAA、ABA和MeJA含量上升幅度较大,相比之下,持绿型小麦IAA、ABA和MeJA含量较非持绿型小麦上升缓慢,而CTK和GA含量下降也缓慢。通过相关性分析表明,CTK和GA含量与绿叶面积呈极显著正相关,IAA和MeJA含量与绿叶面积呈显著负相关,说明持绿型小麦在灌浆后期保持较高的CTK和GA含量和较低的IAA和MeJA含量是其衰老延缓的主要原因。
3、四个小麦品种的旗叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率在整个生育期表现为缓慢增加,气孔导度在花后10天达到最大值,然后随着植株的衰老而减小;蒸腾速率在花后5天达到最大,然后逐渐减小。所有水分条件下的持绿型小麦气孔导度和蒸腾速率在整个生育期均高于非持绿小麦品种;四个小麦品种在重度干旱胁迫处理下,气孔导度和蒸腾速率明显低于正常水分处理品种。
5、不同冬小麦品种在严重干旱胁迫下穗重、穗粒数、千粒重、经济学产量和生物学产量都下降,中度干旱变化不明显。持绿型小麦在不同干旱处理下穗重、穗粒数、千粒重、经济学产量和生物学产量都相对较高,因此具有较高的增产能力。
4、正常供水条件下,各小麦品种的叶片,茎秆和颖壳的含水量最大。持绿型小麦叶片和茎秆在不同水分处理下均有相对较高的含水量,可能是由于持绿型小麦品种保水能力较强。不同冬小麦品种间,持绿型小麦花后营养器官的干物质转运量、营养器官对籽粒的贡献率都高于非持绿型小麦品种。
This experiment was carried out in pot whithin a rain-proof shelter in Northwest A&F Univesity during 2008 to 2009 using YM66 (stay-green type wheat)、WM8 (stay-green type wheat)、XY22 (normal type wheat) and WM6 (early-senescence type wheat). There were three water treatments after anthesis, that is control, moderate drought stress, severe drought stress , during grain filling stage. In order to study the relationship between endogenous hormones and stay-green、drought, we research the drought effect of leaf senescence、stomatal conductance、change of endogenous hormones and dry matter production. The results showed:
1. During the grain filling stage, the green leaf area、content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of all kinds of wheat reduced gradually. The active of chlorophyllase and proteinase went up.Under different drought conditions, middle stressed wheat showed obvious resistance. Compared with nonstay-green wheat the green leaf area、content of chlorophyll and carotenoid of stay-green wheat are all declined slowly at different levels, which maintained a long leaf functional period and laid the foundation of reserve nutritive material.
2. After researching the endogenous hormones content of all the wheat under different water treatment, we found that the content of IAA、ABA and MeJA present a increasing trend, and the content of CTK and GA present a descending trend. Especially, the content of IAA、ABA and MeJA of nonstay-green wheat under severe drought condition increased rapidly. By contrast, the content of IAA、ABA and MeJA of stay-green wheat went up slowly, and the content of CTK and GA went down slowly. After analysis of the correlation between content of endogenous hormones and senescence properties of wheat leaves, we found that the content of CTK and GA has an extremely positive relationship with green leaf area, and the content of IAA and MeJA has a negative relationship with green leaf area, which indicated that at the late stage of grain filling, high content of CTK and GA, low content of IAA and MeJA is the main reason to delay senescence for stay-green wheat.
3. During the growth and development period, the stomatal conductance increased from flowering stage and reached their maximal about 10 days after anthesis,and after that,declined gradually. The transpiration rate reached their maximal about 5 days after anthesis, then went down. Under different drought stress, compared with nonstay-green wheat the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of stay-green wheat are all higher during the grain filling stage. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of wheat under severe drought are obvious lower than contral watered wheat.
4. Under normal-watered condition, the leaves, stems and shells in different winter wheat present high water content. The leaves , stems and shells of stay-green wheat have a relatively high water content under different drought stress, delay senescence largely, this maybe results of maintaining water ability and high absorption ability of stay-green wheat. The dry matter transloction、dry matter transloction efficiency and the proportion of dry matter transloction in grain of leaves and stems of stay-green wheat are higher than nonstay-green wheat in different winter wheat.
5. The ear weight、kernels、grain weight、seed yield、total biomass of different wheat are all descend under severe drought stress, but its not so evident under midding drought stress. The stay-green wheat have larger ear weight、kernels、grain weight、seed yield、total biomass, so it has a better increase production ability.
引文
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