含准轮烷滤膜的抗污染及吸附性能研究
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摘要
水处理技术中的膜分离技术普遍存在膜的成本相对较高,易发生污染等问题,这直接影响膜分离过程的效率和经济性。本文针对以上两点问题,开发了低成本,抗污染功能复合膜。在价格低廉的工业滤布支撑基体上经浸渍,涂敷处理制备了耐污染复合膜,并对其结构与性能进行了研究。实验证明,该复合膜是一种亲水性强,抗污染性能优越而且成本较低的新型复合膜。同时,该复合膜在吸附去除水体中有机微污染物方面也具有较好的应用前景。
(1)采用浸渍涂敷法制备了含环糊精聚合物—准轮烷(Ployrotaxane,PR)/准轮烷、二氧化钛(TiO_2)的聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)复合膜。过滤人工模拟微污染水体的实验结果表明:铸膜液能与涤纶基膜很好的结合形成具有稳定结构的复合膜,且复合膜在过滤实验中表现出较大的水通量,较好的截留性能和抗污染性能。PR(2%)-PVA(5%)和PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2配比的复合膜与其它同类型复合膜相比,具有较好的截留效果以及最低的不可逆膜污染阻力,过滤性质最好。
(2)在有机微污染物吸附实验中,PR(2%)-PVA(5%)和PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2的复合膜都表现出了最佳的吸附效果。当PR含量为2%,PVA含量为5%时,2 h内直径6 cm复合膜对200 mL低浓度(11 mg/L)甲苯溶液的吸附去除量可达1.4 mg,而增加了TiO_2的复合膜的甲苯吸附量达1.3 mg。这表明该复合膜具有理想的吸附去除污染物的能力,这对利用复合膜净化有机微污染水源及对污染物的后续处理具有重要的意义。
(3)在PR-PVA-TiO_2膜的吸附再生实验中,饱和后的复合膜在经过紫外光照射后仍具有吸附水中微量甲苯的能力。其中PR(1%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2的再生膜可在2 h内吸附0.9 mg的甲苯,去除率近70%,且吸附效果较再生前有大幅提高,去除率增加35%。
研究发现PR对改善膜的过滤性具有积极的作用,而PR的特殊结构也使得它在吸附有机小分子方面突出于其它改性材料,TiO_2的加入为膜的再生和重复使用提供了理论上的平台。在此研究基础上可以认为,所制复合膜的应用前景较为广泛。
The problems existed widely in membrane separation are the high cost of membrane and membrane fouling, which directly affect the efficiency and economics of membrane separation. For solving these problems, anti-fouling membranes with lower cost were prepared. The composite membranes were prepared by coating a layer of casting solution on the cheap industrial fabric. The structures and characteristics of membranes were studied. The results proved that the membrane was hydrophilic, antifouling and low-cost and they processed a high property of adsorption.
(1) The composite membranes were prepared by dip-coating method using casting solution consisted of Polyrotaxane (PR)/Polyrotaxane, TiO_2 and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). After filtrating simulated wastewater, the results showed that the membranes had a good compatibility, reasonable flux, good rejection and better antifouling. Compared PR(2%)-PVA(5%) or PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2 membrane with other membranes, it had the lowest fouling resistance and better rejection ability.
(2) During the toluene adsorption experiment, PR(2%)-PVA(5%) and PR(2%)-PVA(10%) -TiO_2 membranes showed a potentially high capacity of adsorption towards micro-pollutants such as toluene. And the best result indicated that the membranes of 6 cm diameter could adsorb 1.4 mg (PR(2%)-PVA(5%)) and 1.3 mg (PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2) toluene(11mg/L) after 2 h immersion in 200 mL solution. This is of significance to the purification of micro-polluted water and disposal of adsorptive production.
(3) The experiments of PR-PVA-TiO_2 membranes regenerating showed that the membranes could be reused after ultraviolet radiating. PR(1%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2 regenerated membrane could adsorb 0.9 mg toluene, nearly 70% removal efficiency and the removal efficiency highly improved about 35% after regenerating.
It was found that PR could significantly improve the hydrophilicity and special adsorptive ability of the membranes because of its moleculer structure. And it was possible to use TiO_2 for membrane regenerating. Based on these results, the application of the composite membranes is wide.
(1)采用浸渍涂敷法制备了含环糊精聚合物—准轮烷(Ployrotaxane,PR)/准轮烷、二氧化钛(TiO_2)的聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)复合膜。过滤人工模拟微污染水体的实验结果表明:铸膜液能与涤纶基膜很好的结合形成具有稳定结构的复合膜,且复合膜在过滤实验中表现出较大的水通量,较好的截留性能和抗污染性能。PR(2%)-PVA(5%)和PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2配比的复合膜与其它同类型复合膜相比,具有较好的截留效果以及最低的不可逆膜污染阻力,过滤性质最好。
(2)在有机微污染物吸附实验中,PR(2%)-PVA(5%)和PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2的复合膜都表现出了最佳的吸附效果。当PR含量为2%,PVA含量为5%时,2 h内直径6 cm复合膜对200 mL低浓度(11 mg/L)甲苯溶液的吸附去除量可达1.4 mg,而增加了TiO_2的复合膜的甲苯吸附量达1.3 mg。这表明该复合膜具有理想的吸附去除污染物的能力,这对利用复合膜净化有机微污染水源及对污染物的后续处理具有重要的意义。
(3)在PR-PVA-TiO_2膜的吸附再生实验中,饱和后的复合膜在经过紫外光照射后仍具有吸附水中微量甲苯的能力。其中PR(1%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2的再生膜可在2 h内吸附0.9 mg的甲苯,去除率近70%,且吸附效果较再生前有大幅提高,去除率增加35%。
研究发现PR对改善膜的过滤性具有积极的作用,而PR的特殊结构也使得它在吸附有机小分子方面突出于其它改性材料,TiO_2的加入为膜的再生和重复使用提供了理论上的平台。在此研究基础上可以认为,所制复合膜的应用前景较为广泛。
The problems existed widely in membrane separation are the high cost of membrane and membrane fouling, which directly affect the efficiency and economics of membrane separation. For solving these problems, anti-fouling membranes with lower cost were prepared. The composite membranes were prepared by coating a layer of casting solution on the cheap industrial fabric. The structures and characteristics of membranes were studied. The results proved that the membrane was hydrophilic, antifouling and low-cost and they processed a high property of adsorption.
(1) The composite membranes were prepared by dip-coating method using casting solution consisted of Polyrotaxane (PR)/Polyrotaxane, TiO_2 and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). After filtrating simulated wastewater, the results showed that the membranes had a good compatibility, reasonable flux, good rejection and better antifouling. Compared PR(2%)-PVA(5%) or PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2 membrane with other membranes, it had the lowest fouling resistance and better rejection ability.
(2) During the toluene adsorption experiment, PR(2%)-PVA(5%) and PR(2%)-PVA(10%) -TiO_2 membranes showed a potentially high capacity of adsorption towards micro-pollutants such as toluene. And the best result indicated that the membranes of 6 cm diameter could adsorb 1.4 mg (PR(2%)-PVA(5%)) and 1.3 mg (PR(2%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2) toluene(11mg/L) after 2 h immersion in 200 mL solution. This is of significance to the purification of micro-polluted water and disposal of adsorptive production.
(3) The experiments of PR-PVA-TiO_2 membranes regenerating showed that the membranes could be reused after ultraviolet radiating. PR(1%)-PVA(10%)-TiO_2 regenerated membrane could adsorb 0.9 mg toluene, nearly 70% removal efficiency and the removal efficiency highly improved about 35% after regenerating.
It was found that PR could significantly improve the hydrophilicity and special adsorptive ability of the membranes because of its moleculer structure. And it was possible to use TiO_2 for membrane regenerating. Based on these results, the application of the composite membranes is wide.
引文
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