沙漠地区近地表地震信号补偿技术研究
摘要
随着石油勘探技术的进步,地震勘探已从简单的构造研究发展到对复杂构造的研究以及岩性的检测,这些新的研究均依赖于地震勘探分辨率和信噪比的提高,没有足够的分辨率和信噪比,地震勘探技术就很难在储层研究和油藏描述方面有所作为。
地震数据分辨率的提高是一项系统工程,涉及采集、处理和解释三个大的环节。野外采集技术与施工质量尽管近几年已取得了很大进步,限于现有的地震理论和野外装备技术条件,很难再有较大幅度的提高。地震资料解释技术近几年出现的相干体、分频、属性融合、交汇等技术,已能够检测出地震资料中与砂体有关的弱小信号,问题的关键在于地震资料中是否保留了反映砂体所需要的信息,由此可见,矛盾的焦点和解决地质问题的希望集中在地震资料处理环节。
本文以提高地震数据分辨率为着眼点和最终落脚点,紧密集合科学前沿和生产实践,围绕微测井资料的应用及软件系统的丌发研究,在前人研究的基础上针对沙漠复杂地质条件下由于激发频率过高而引起的微测井数据不便应用于近地表叠后数据补偿的问题,提出并研究了截取部分频段微测井数据,求取滤波器进行叠后数据补偿的新方法,研究实践表明,部分频段滤波器的应用,大大提高了地震剖面的分辨率,具有很好的实用价值。
同时,针对由于微测井法补偿近地表低降速带引起的地震波吸收衰减,虽然在叠后数据中应用已经取得了一定的效果,但是仍然集中于单一吸收衰减补偿因子的应用,而事实上,沙漠区表层结构变化较大,表层介质对地震波的吸收衰减程度会随地点的不同而不同的问题,对空变滤波器的研究,并着重讨论了双井空变微测井补偿叠后地震数据的应用,取得了不错的效果,也为以后的研究打下了坚实的基础。
As the development of petroleum exploratation,seismic exploratation has been improved from the ordinary study of geological structure to the complex study of the structure and detection of lithology.All these new researches depend on the development of seismic exploratation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.If the development of seismic exploratation resolution and signal-to-noise ration is not enough,the seismic exploratation technology will not be able to use well on the study of reservoir and the description of petroleum reservoir.
The improvement of seismic exploratation resolution is a system subject,which include three points such as collection,processing and interpretation.Though the field collection and the quality of the field work have been improved greatly these years, under the limitation of the existing seismic theories and field work techonolgy,both of them can not be developed in a short time.In these years,as the appearance of some new technologies such as conherence cube,frequency diversion,identity fusion, and interection in the seismic interpretation,the small signal about sand bodies in the seismic signal can be detected,but the most important problem is if there is signal about sand bodies existing in the seismic signal.So the point of the problem and the hope of the resolution of geological problems are on the step of the seismic date processing.
The main point of this paper is to improve the seismic exploratation resolution,keep step with the newest science development.Based on the use of well log date,the exploitation of the new software,and the study of the fore people,putting out the theory of cutting part frequency of the well log date to compute the filter to compensate the seismic stacked date.Studies prove that the use of part-frequency filter greatly improve the seismic date resolution,and can be widly used. At the same time,the well log date using on compensating the stacked seismic date has been proved to be useful in dealing with the absorbing and attenuation problem inspired by the near surface of the desert area,but only one filter can be used.On the truth,the near surface structures of the desert area change greatly,and as the changing of the different site,the absorbing and attenuation to the seismic wave aroused by the near surface structure of the desert area change outstandingly.The study of space-changed filter,specially the two well space-changed filter,has been proved that it could be uesed very well and has a all-right future.
地震数据分辨率的提高是一项系统工程,涉及采集、处理和解释三个大的环节。野外采集技术与施工质量尽管近几年已取得了很大进步,限于现有的地震理论和野外装备技术条件,很难再有较大幅度的提高。地震资料解释技术近几年出现的相干体、分频、属性融合、交汇等技术,已能够检测出地震资料中与砂体有关的弱小信号,问题的关键在于地震资料中是否保留了反映砂体所需要的信息,由此可见,矛盾的焦点和解决地质问题的希望集中在地震资料处理环节。
本文以提高地震数据分辨率为着眼点和最终落脚点,紧密集合科学前沿和生产实践,围绕微测井资料的应用及软件系统的丌发研究,在前人研究的基础上针对沙漠复杂地质条件下由于激发频率过高而引起的微测井数据不便应用于近地表叠后数据补偿的问题,提出并研究了截取部分频段微测井数据,求取滤波器进行叠后数据补偿的新方法,研究实践表明,部分频段滤波器的应用,大大提高了地震剖面的分辨率,具有很好的实用价值。
同时,针对由于微测井法补偿近地表低降速带引起的地震波吸收衰减,虽然在叠后数据中应用已经取得了一定的效果,但是仍然集中于单一吸收衰减补偿因子的应用,而事实上,沙漠区表层结构变化较大,表层介质对地震波的吸收衰减程度会随地点的不同而不同的问题,对空变滤波器的研究,并着重讨论了双井空变微测井补偿叠后地震数据的应用,取得了不错的效果,也为以后的研究打下了坚实的基础。
As the development of petroleum exploratation,seismic exploratation has been improved from the ordinary study of geological structure to the complex study of the structure and detection of lithology.All these new researches depend on the development of seismic exploratation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.If the development of seismic exploratation resolution and signal-to-noise ration is not enough,the seismic exploratation technology will not be able to use well on the study of reservoir and the description of petroleum reservoir.
The improvement of seismic exploratation resolution is a system subject,which include three points such as collection,processing and interpretation.Though the field collection and the quality of the field work have been improved greatly these years, under the limitation of the existing seismic theories and field work techonolgy,both of them can not be developed in a short time.In these years,as the appearance of some new technologies such as conherence cube,frequency diversion,identity fusion, and interection in the seismic interpretation,the small signal about sand bodies in the seismic signal can be detected,but the most important problem is if there is signal about sand bodies existing in the seismic signal.So the point of the problem and the hope of the resolution of geological problems are on the step of the seismic date processing.
The main point of this paper is to improve the seismic exploratation resolution,keep step with the newest science development.Based on the use of well log date,the exploitation of the new software,and the study of the fore people,putting out the theory of cutting part frequency of the well log date to compute the filter to compensate the seismic stacked date.Studies prove that the use of part-frequency filter greatly improve the seismic date resolution,and can be widly used. At the same time,the well log date using on compensating the stacked seismic date has been proved to be useful in dealing with the absorbing and attenuation problem inspired by the near surface of the desert area,but only one filter can be used.On the truth,the near surface structures of the desert area change greatly,and as the changing of the different site,the absorbing and attenuation to the seismic wave aroused by the near surface structure of the desert area change outstandingly.The study of space-changed filter,specially the two well space-changed filter,has been proved that it could be uesed very well and has a all-right future.
引文
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成锁、田钢等,多道面波分析技术在沙漠低降速带调查方面的应用,吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,1,113-117
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李天树,陈宝德等,双井微测井技术在表层结构调查中的应用,石油物探,2004,43(5),471-474,496
李文杰等,利用VSP提高地震资料处理质量的新途径,新疆石油地质,2005,26(1),96-98
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凌云,高军等,基于一维弹性阻尼波动理论的沙丘Q吸收补偿,石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6),795-804
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孙成禹,过渡层反射特征及脉冲波的振幅调谐现象,石油物探,2001,40(3),1-7
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张显文,基于VSP的高分辨率地震数据处理方法研究,硕士论文,2006
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陈传仁,周熙襄,小波谱白化方法提高地震资料的分辨率,石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6),703-709
陈耿毅,余钦范等,地震模拟技术新进展-第67届EAGE年会论文综述,勘探地球物理进展:2005,20(5),439-438
成锁、田钢等,多道面波分析技术在沙漠低降速带调查方面的应用,吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,1,113-117
何樵登,地震勘探原理和方法,地质出版社,1986,北京第一版
胡中平等,纵横波浅层折射和纵横波微测井方法联合应用研究,石油物探,1998,37(1),89-94
李刚等,微测井技术在地震资料静校正处理中的应用,大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(4),80-81
李国发等,零相位改进型最小熵反褶积方法,石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3),359-366
李宏兵,赵文智等,应用小波尺度域地震波衰减属性检测气层,石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4),411-416
李宏兵等,小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征,地球物理学报,2004,47(5),892-898
李庆忠著,走向精确勘探的道路--高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析,石油工业出版社,1994,北京第一版
李天树,陈宝德等,双井微测井技术在表层结构调查中的应用,石油物探,2004,43(5),471-474,496
李文杰等,利用VSP提高地震资料处理质量的新途径,新疆石油地质,2005,26(1),96-98
李学军,提高浅层反射记录分辨力的谱白化滤波,物探与化探,1991,15(1),77-80
李振春,王清振,地震波衰减机理及能理补偿研究综述,地球物理学进展,2007,22(4),1147-1152
凌云,高军等,基于一维弹性阻尼波动理论的沙丘Q吸收补偿,石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6),795-804
凌云,高军等.,时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿,石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2),17-182
凌云等,零相位同态反褶积,石油地球物理勘探,1995,30f3),299-308
齐中山,廖刀等,伊川盆地二维地震资料处理,河南石油,1997,11(4),13.16
芮建民,唐汇超等,沙漠区低降速带采集方法应用探讨,石油仪器,2005,19(4), 63-65
瑞克N H,粘弹性介质中的地震波,地质出版社,1981,北京
石战结,减少低降速带影响的高分辨率地震勘探,博士论文,2006
石战结,田钢,西部大沙漠区近地表地震波衰减及高频补偿技术研究,石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4),392-395
孙成禹,过渡层反射特征及脉冲波的振幅调谐现象,石油物探,2001,40(3),1-7
孙成禹,线性过渡层复合体的地震反射特征研究,石油物探,2005,44(4),320-324
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