组合锚泊系统的分析与研究
|
摘要
海洋蕴藏着巨大的油气资源,面对陆地资源的日渐匮乏,海洋资源的开发与利用正在受到越来越多的关注。随着海洋开发事业的进展,各种各样的海上结构物不但数量与规模与日俱增,而且作业范围也逐渐向深海域发展。它们要求在较长时间在海上作业,与普通船舶相比,它们的锚泊系能要求更高。目前半潜式钻进平台和浮式生产储油系统也已经成为海洋开发的主要工具。为了保证海洋平台等长期在海上作业的漂浮物在大多数海况下可以正常工作,海洋结构物的锚泊系统的设计尤其重要。
锚泊系统在深水中通常采用锚索或锚链等多种成分合成的锚泊线来减小锚泊系统的重量,但是多成分合成锚泊线带来设计参数较多给锚泊设计分析带来不便。针对这些问题,本论文基于准静定分析推导了一定水深下多成分锚泊线悬链线方程组,在考虑锚泊线组成成分的特征参数对锚泊系统回复力的影响下,编写了组合锚泊系统参数的计算程序,并且建立了一种深水多成分锚泊线的优化设计分析模型。本文在前人工作的启发下,充分利用悬链线方程,了解了水深、水平外力、悬链线张力等参数之间的变化关系,研究了目标函数模型的求解方法,分别采用MATLAB的优化工具箱和遗传算法工具箱选择出最佳模型参数,将之应用于设计实例,并对优化的结构进行分析,得出了相关结果,并且对锚泊线的各成分之间的组合优化问题有了初步的了解。结论发现只要设计的合理,在相同的位移条件下,组合锚泊系统的总回复力一般是大于全索或者全链锚泊系统的。
本论文的方法和结论对于多成分锚泊线的锚泊系统的初步设计和研究对实际工程有一定参考价值和指导意义,也为将来的更进一步的研究做出了有益的探索。
Sea contains giant oil and gas resources, facing the land resources is deficient day after day, the exploitation and usage of sea resources are receiving more and more attention. Marine structures become more and more, operated in deep water areas, as the development of ocean engineering proceeds. They should anchor in deep water often in long time, which are requested higher anchoring performance comparing with the ordinary ships. Currently, submerged oil drilling platform and the floating production and storage offloading system are already becomes the main tool of the ocean exploitation. In order to guarantee the platform and other floating things working under the majority sea condition, the design of the mooring system of sea structure is especially important.
Mooring system for floating platform usually takes multiple segments combination in deep water such as wire rope and chain combinations related to many parameters. Multi-component mooring lines compose mooring systems used in deep water, while versatile parameters bring difficulties to design work. This paper deduces catenaries equations of multi-component mooring lines according to the Quasi-Static method in a specific water depth. It also compiles calculative process of muti-component mooring system and builds a minimum model for choosing optimal parameters of multi-component the mooring lines, and illustrating the weight and technical factors. Inspired by the work of predecessors, make full use of the centenary's equation ,to know how the parameters change about water depth, horizontal force and stretching force of catenary.ect.In order to solve the optimization problem, optimization tool and Genetic Algorithm tool are employed. It has also been applied to practical design assignment, and this paper analyzes and compared with the two results and draws relevant conclusions. Through the analysis of the paper, the author have an initial understanding of the combinatorial optimization problems of the multi-components mooring lines. The conclusion shows, If the design is reasonable, restoring force of multi-component mooring lines system usually greater than that of all wire rope (or all chain) system.
The methods and the conclusions of this paper have some reference value and engineering practical directive significance to study and the preliminary design of the multi-component mooring lines in mooring system. The dissertation is endeavor to make this work further, and it is hopefully to applied for other similar kind of deep water mooring design in the future.
锚泊系统在深水中通常采用锚索或锚链等多种成分合成的锚泊线来减小锚泊系统的重量,但是多成分合成锚泊线带来设计参数较多给锚泊设计分析带来不便。针对这些问题,本论文基于准静定分析推导了一定水深下多成分锚泊线悬链线方程组,在考虑锚泊线组成成分的特征参数对锚泊系统回复力的影响下,编写了组合锚泊系统参数的计算程序,并且建立了一种深水多成分锚泊线的优化设计分析模型。本文在前人工作的启发下,充分利用悬链线方程,了解了水深、水平外力、悬链线张力等参数之间的变化关系,研究了目标函数模型的求解方法,分别采用MATLAB的优化工具箱和遗传算法工具箱选择出最佳模型参数,将之应用于设计实例,并对优化的结构进行分析,得出了相关结果,并且对锚泊线的各成分之间的组合优化问题有了初步的了解。结论发现只要设计的合理,在相同的位移条件下,组合锚泊系统的总回复力一般是大于全索或者全链锚泊系统的。
本论文的方法和结论对于多成分锚泊线的锚泊系统的初步设计和研究对实际工程有一定参考价值和指导意义,也为将来的更进一步的研究做出了有益的探索。
Sea contains giant oil and gas resources, facing the land resources is deficient day after day, the exploitation and usage of sea resources are receiving more and more attention. Marine structures become more and more, operated in deep water areas, as the development of ocean engineering proceeds. They should anchor in deep water often in long time, which are requested higher anchoring performance comparing with the ordinary ships. Currently, submerged oil drilling platform and the floating production and storage offloading system are already becomes the main tool of the ocean exploitation. In order to guarantee the platform and other floating things working under the majority sea condition, the design of the mooring system of sea structure is especially important.
Mooring system for floating platform usually takes multiple segments combination in deep water such as wire rope and chain combinations related to many parameters. Multi-component mooring lines compose mooring systems used in deep water, while versatile parameters bring difficulties to design work. This paper deduces catenaries equations of multi-component mooring lines according to the Quasi-Static method in a specific water depth. It also compiles calculative process of muti-component mooring system and builds a minimum model for choosing optimal parameters of multi-component the mooring lines, and illustrating the weight and technical factors. Inspired by the work of predecessors, make full use of the centenary's equation ,to know how the parameters change about water depth, horizontal force and stretching force of catenary.ect.In order to solve the optimization problem, optimization tool and Genetic Algorithm tool are employed. It has also been applied to practical design assignment, and this paper analyzes and compared with the two results and draws relevant conclusions. Through the analysis of the paper, the author have an initial understanding of the combinatorial optimization problems of the multi-components mooring lines. The conclusion shows, If the design is reasonable, restoring force of multi-component mooring lines system usually greater than that of all wire rope (or all chain) system.
The methods and the conclusions of this paper have some reference value and engineering practical directive significance to study and the preliminary design of the multi-component mooring lines in mooring system. The dissertation is endeavor to make this work further, and it is hopefully to applied for other similar kind of deep water mooring design in the future.
引文
[1]陈万佳.《港口水工建筑物》交通出版社,1989：313-319.
[2]陈徐均,汤雪峰等.系泊浮体布链方式优劣的理论分析[J].河海大学学报.Vol.29,No.5,2001：84-87.
[3]马鉴恩,李凤来.锚泊列阵的设计研究[J].海洋工程.Vol.14,1996：55-62页.
[4]T.M.Smith, M.C.Chen et al., Systematic Data for the Preliminary Design of Mooring Systems[C],Proceedings of the fourth International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium[C],1985,403—407.
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准,重要用途钢丝绳.国家技术监督局,2006.
[6]夏国忠主编.船舶结构与设备.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1998.
[7]中国船级社.材料与焊接规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[8]马志良,罗德涛.近海移动式平台[M],海洋出版社,1993.
[9]鲛岛直人.荒天锚泊法に关する实验研究(第一报).日本航海学会论文集.第22号,1960.3.
[10]米田谨次郎.荒天锚泊法に关する实验研究.日本航海学会论文集.第22号,1960.12.
[11]Shan Huang. Dynamic analysis of three-dimensional marine cables. Ocean Engineering. Vol.21, No.6, pp.587—605,1994.
[12]Per. I. Johansson. A Finite Element Model for Dynamic Analysis of Mooring Cables. Doctor Thesis of MIT.1976.
[13]A. P. Shashikala, R. Sundaravadivelu and C. Ganapathy. Dynamic of a moored barge under regular and random waves. Ocean Engineering. Vol.24, No.5, pp.401—430,1997.
[14]Jason I. Gobat, Mark A. Grosenbaugh. A simple model for heave-induced dynamic tension in catenaries moorings. Applied Ocean Researeh.23 (2001) 159—174.
[15]SMITH TM, CHEN M C, RADWAN A M. Systematic data for the preliminary design of mooring systems [A]. Proceedings of the 4th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium[C],1985,403—407.
[16]SMITH R J, MACFARLANE C J. Statics of a three component mooring line [J].Ocean Engineering,2001,28:899—914.
[17]刘建成,李润培,顾永宁,张剑波.一种简单单点系泊系统的可行性研究.上海交通大学学报.2000年1月,第34卷,第1期.
[18]范菊,黄祥鹿.锚泊线的动力分析中国造船.第1期,1999年2月.
[19]朱克强,李道根,李维扬.海洋缆体系统的统一凝集参数时域分析法.海洋工程.2002年5月,第20卷,第2期.
[20]刘应中,廖国平,李谊乐,刘滋源,刘和东.系泊系统动力分析的时域方法.上海交通大学学报.2000年1月,第34卷,第1期.
[21]余龙,谭家华.基于准静定方法的多成分锚泊线优化.海洋工程,2005,.23(1).
[22]余龙,谭家华.深水多成分悬链线锚泊系统优化设计及应用研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,18(5).
[23]API.API Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of Station keeping Systems for Floating Structures [M], AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSITITUTE, May 1994.
[24]邢至庄.海上系留式结构物.大连工学院文书科技档案室.
[25]席少霖.非线性最优化方法[MI,高等教育出版社,1992
[26]API. API Recommended Practice for the Analysis of Spread Mooring Systems for Floating Drilling Units [C], AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSITITUTE, May 1994.
[27]郑瑞杰.锚泊系统受力分析.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[28]王艳妮.海洋工程锚泊系统的分析研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]王正林,龚纯,何倩.精通MATLAB科学计算.电子工业出版社,2008.
[30]龚纯,王正林.精通MATLAB最优化计算.电子工业出版社,2008.
[3l]余龙,谭家华.锚泊线与海底接触的有限元建模及非线形分析.中国海洋平台,2004.
[32]王丹.工程船舶锚泊系统分析与应用[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[33]候建军,东日方,石爱国,尹建川.锚泊状态下锚链作用力的计算方法.大连海事大学学报,2005(4).
[34]杨玉祥,赵志帮.介绍悬链计算新方法及港口单锚泊稳定分析.水运工程,2005(372)
[35]王言英,肖越.深水锚泊的新概念与新技术[J].船舶工程,2004,26(2).
[36]余龙,谭家华.深水中悬链线锚泊系统设计研究进展[J].中国海洋平台,2004,19(3).
[37]肖越,王言英.浮体锚泊系统计算分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(5).
[38]孙宁松.海上移动式平台锚泊定位系统锚索链受力分析[J].中国海洋平台,2008,23(2).
[39]王冬姣.索-链-浮子/沉子组合锚泊线的静力分析[J].中国海洋平台,2007.
[40]邱崚,唐军.三十万吨浮船坞的锚泊系统设计.船舶设计通讯.2005(1)
[4l]韩璇.深水锚索锚泊性能研究[D].大连海事大学,2008.
[42]刘超.海洋工程锚泊系统计算与分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[43]何静.FPSO悬式锚腿系泊系统的锚系设计研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007.
[44]陈徐均,崔维成,沈庆.对称式布置锚链系统的线性化处理[J].海洋工程,2002,20(1)：75-79
[45]杨秦建,王春红Visual Basic大学基础教程[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
[46]卢镇波,李青.Visual Basic编程实例入门与提高[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[47]中华人民共和国国家标准.电焊锚链[S].国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2008.
[48]杨玉祥,赵志帮.介绍悬链计算新方法及港口单锚泊稳定分析[J].水运工程,2005,(372).
[49]Jason I. Gobat, Mark A. Grosenbaugh Dynamics in the Touchdown Region of Centenary Moorings[A].Proceedings of the Eleventh International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C].Stavanger,2001,Norway,June 17-22.
[50]Chaplin CR. Torsional failure of a wire rope mooring line during installationin deep water. Engineering Failure Analysis,1998,(6):67-82.
[51]李润培,王志龙.海洋平台强度分析.上海交通大学出版社,1992.
[52]Brown DT, Mavrakos S.Comparative study on mooring line dynamic loading [J].Marine Structures,1999, (12):131-151.
[2]陈徐均,汤雪峰等.系泊浮体布链方式优劣的理论分析[J].河海大学学报.Vol.29,No.5,2001：84-87.
[3]马鉴恩,李凤来.锚泊列阵的设计研究[J].海洋工程.Vol.14,1996：55-62页.
[4]T.M.Smith, M.C.Chen et al., Systematic Data for the Preliminary Design of Mooring Systems[C],Proceedings of the fourth International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium[C],1985,403—407.
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准,重要用途钢丝绳.国家技术监督局,2006.
[6]夏国忠主编.船舶结构与设备.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1998.
[7]中国船级社.材料与焊接规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[8]马志良,罗德涛.近海移动式平台[M],海洋出版社,1993.
[9]鲛岛直人.荒天锚泊法に关する实验研究(第一报).日本航海学会论文集.第22号,1960.3.
[10]米田谨次郎.荒天锚泊法に关する实验研究.日本航海学会论文集.第22号,1960.12.
[11]Shan Huang. Dynamic analysis of three-dimensional marine cables. Ocean Engineering. Vol.21, No.6, pp.587—605,1994.
[12]Per. I. Johansson. A Finite Element Model for Dynamic Analysis of Mooring Cables. Doctor Thesis of MIT.1976.
[13]A. P. Shashikala, R. Sundaravadivelu and C. Ganapathy. Dynamic of a moored barge under regular and random waves. Ocean Engineering. Vol.24, No.5, pp.401—430,1997.
[14]Jason I. Gobat, Mark A. Grosenbaugh. A simple model for heave-induced dynamic tension in catenaries moorings. Applied Ocean Researeh.23 (2001) 159—174.
[15]SMITH TM, CHEN M C, RADWAN A M. Systematic data for the preliminary design of mooring systems [A]. Proceedings of the 4th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium[C],1985,403—407.
[16]SMITH R J, MACFARLANE C J. Statics of a three component mooring line [J].Ocean Engineering,2001,28:899—914.
[17]刘建成,李润培,顾永宁,张剑波.一种简单单点系泊系统的可行性研究.上海交通大学学报.2000年1月,第34卷,第1期.
[18]范菊,黄祥鹿.锚泊线的动力分析中国造船.第1期,1999年2月.
[19]朱克强,李道根,李维扬.海洋缆体系统的统一凝集参数时域分析法.海洋工程.2002年5月,第20卷,第2期.
[20]刘应中,廖国平,李谊乐,刘滋源,刘和东.系泊系统动力分析的时域方法.上海交通大学学报.2000年1月,第34卷,第1期.
[21]余龙,谭家华.基于准静定方法的多成分锚泊线优化.海洋工程,2005,.23(1).
[22]余龙,谭家华.深水多成分悬链线锚泊系统优化设计及应用研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,18(5).
[23]API.API Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of Station keeping Systems for Floating Structures [M], AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSITITUTE, May 1994.
[24]邢至庄.海上系留式结构物.大连工学院文书科技档案室.
[25]席少霖.非线性最优化方法[MI,高等教育出版社,1992
[26]API. API Recommended Practice for the Analysis of Spread Mooring Systems for Floating Drilling Units [C], AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSITITUTE, May 1994.
[27]郑瑞杰.锚泊系统受力分析.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[28]王艳妮.海洋工程锚泊系统的分析研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]王正林,龚纯,何倩.精通MATLAB科学计算.电子工业出版社,2008.
[30]龚纯,王正林.精通MATLAB最优化计算.电子工业出版社,2008.
[3l]余龙,谭家华.锚泊线与海底接触的有限元建模及非线形分析.中国海洋平台,2004.
[32]王丹.工程船舶锚泊系统分析与应用[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[33]候建军,东日方,石爱国,尹建川.锚泊状态下锚链作用力的计算方法.大连海事大学学报,2005(4).
[34]杨玉祥,赵志帮.介绍悬链计算新方法及港口单锚泊稳定分析.水运工程,2005(372)
[35]王言英,肖越.深水锚泊的新概念与新技术[J].船舶工程,2004,26(2).
[36]余龙,谭家华.深水中悬链线锚泊系统设计研究进展[J].中国海洋平台,2004,19(3).
[37]肖越,王言英.浮体锚泊系统计算分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(5).
[38]孙宁松.海上移动式平台锚泊定位系统锚索链受力分析[J].中国海洋平台,2008,23(2).
[39]王冬姣.索-链-浮子/沉子组合锚泊线的静力分析[J].中国海洋平台,2007.
[40]邱崚,唐军.三十万吨浮船坞的锚泊系统设计.船舶设计通讯.2005(1)
[4l]韩璇.深水锚索锚泊性能研究[D].大连海事大学,2008.
[42]刘超.海洋工程锚泊系统计算与分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[43]何静.FPSO悬式锚腿系泊系统的锚系设计研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007.
[44]陈徐均,崔维成,沈庆.对称式布置锚链系统的线性化处理[J].海洋工程,2002,20(1)：75-79
[45]杨秦建,王春红Visual Basic大学基础教程[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
[46]卢镇波,李青.Visual Basic编程实例入门与提高[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[47]中华人民共和国国家标准.电焊锚链[S].国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2008.
[48]杨玉祥,赵志帮.介绍悬链计算新方法及港口单锚泊稳定分析[J].水运工程,2005,(372).
[49]Jason I. Gobat, Mark A. Grosenbaugh Dynamics in the Touchdown Region of Centenary Moorings[A].Proceedings of the Eleventh International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C].Stavanger,2001,Norway,June 17-22.
[50]Chaplin CR. Torsional failure of a wire rope mooring line during installationin deep water. Engineering Failure Analysis,1998,(6):67-82.
[51]李润培,王志龙.海洋平台强度分析.上海交通大学出版社,1992.
[52]Brown DT, Mavrakos S.Comparative study on mooring line dynamic loading [J].Marine Structures,1999, (12):131-151.