社会资本对知识团队内部知识转移的影响路径研究
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摘要
企业的知识是一个企业竞争优势的重要来源,因此,企业知识转移的能力对核心竞争力的形成有重要影响。在知识经济时代,知识员工组成的知识团队是企业知识的创造者,团队是否能有效的进行知识转移至关重要,近年来,知识团队的知识转移问题成为研究热点。
本文探讨三个不同维度的社会资本对知识团队内部知识转移的影响。在文献研究的基础上,分析了不同维度社会资本对知识团队知识转移过程的影响,并讨论在这一影响过程中,不同社会资本之间的互动,最终,建立了一个社会资本对团队内部知识转移影响的路径模型,并由此探讨本研究对企业的实践启示。
第一章导论,提出了研究问题,研究意义和创新之处。
第二章对相关文献进行回顾,在国内外现有研究的基础上,对知识团队、知识转移和社会资本理论进行归纳梳理。首先,总结出知识转移研究的两个主要视角：过程视角和影响因素视角；其次,界定了“知识团队”的概念和特性；再次,将国内外对社会资本概念和维度的划分进行了比较分析；最后,找到这三个主题的结合点,探讨了知识团队内部知识转移的意义,以及社会资本对知识转移的影响,从而为下文研究做好铺垫。
第三章首先基于Nahapiet和Ghoshal对社会资本的三维度划分,结合知识团队的背景,界定了知识团队内部的社会资本及其内容。其次,分别讨论了这三个维度社会资本对知识团队中的知识管理活动和绩效等具有的重大价值,并辅助案例进行解释、分析。最后,探讨了社会资本这个三个维度之间具有的自相关性,得出：结构和认知维度的团队社会资本都对关系维度的团队社会资本具有较强影响,结构维度对认知维度的团队社会资本有相对弱的影响。
第四章构建了社会资本对知识团队内部知识转移的影响路径模型。本章分别研究了结构维度、关系维度、认知维度的社会资本对知识转移影响路径。得出结论：结构维度的社会资本通过以机会、动机为中介变量影响知识转移；关系维度的社会资本通过以动机为中介变量影响知识转移；认知维度的社会资本通过以动机、能力为中介变量影响知识转移。从而构建了综合模型,对模型中的间接影响路径进行了解释。
第五部分是研究结果归纳,以及分析对我国企业管理的实践意义。
As we know, knowledge is an important resource of competitive advantage of a enterprise. Therefore, the ability of knowledge transfer has great effect on the establishment of core-competence. In the age of the knowledge-based economy, knowledge team is the knowledge creator, which is composed by knowledge worker. Effective knowledge transfer is crucial for a team. As above, the topic of knowledge transfer for a knowledge team becomes a hot pot.
This paper discusses effects of three different dimensions the social capital on knowledge transfer inside the knowledge team. It analyses effects of different dimensions on knowledge transfer based on literature research. Discussion on interactions of different dimensions of social capital is also included. Finally, a route model is established to illustrate effects of social capital on knowledge transfer inside a team and enlightenment on enterprise's practice.
Chapter one raises questions, research significances and creative points.
Chapter two concludes theories on knowledge team, knowledge transfer and social capital, carrying on review of related domestic and foreign literature. Firstly, two perspectives of knowledge transfer researches are summarized, the process and the influencing factor perspectives. Secondly, the concept and characteristics of knowledge team is defined. Thirdly, comparative analyses on domestic and foreign researches of social capital are carried on. Lastly, connections of these three topics are found to discuss the insignificances of knowledge transfer inside knowledge team and the effects of social capital on knowledge transfer.
Firstly, chapter three defines the concept and contents of social capital inside knowledge team based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal's research, combining the situation of knowledge team. Secondly, chapter three discusses several great values of these three dimensions of social capital on knowledge management and performance in knowledge team respectively. Case study is included to illustrate. Lastly, chapter three discusses the interrelationships of these three dimensions of social capital. Conclusions are made that both of structural and cognitive dimensions have strong effects on relational dimension of social capital. Structural dimension has relatively weak effects on cognitive dimensions of social capital as well.
Chapter four establishes the route model of effects of social capital on knowledge transfer inside knowledge team. Effect routes of these three dimensions of social capital on knowledge transfer are discussed respectively. Conclusions are followed.
Structural dimensions of social capital affect knowledge transfer through the opportunity and motivation variables. Relations dimensions of social capital affect knowledge transfer through motivation variable. Cognitive dimension of social capital affect knowledge transfer through motivation, ability variables. A comprehensive model is followed. And the indirect effects of the model are explained.
The fifth part summarizes research results. As well as analyzing the significances of these results on Business Management in practice.
本文探讨三个不同维度的社会资本对知识团队内部知识转移的影响。在文献研究的基础上,分析了不同维度社会资本对知识团队知识转移过程的影响,并讨论在这一影响过程中,不同社会资本之间的互动,最终,建立了一个社会资本对团队内部知识转移影响的路径模型,并由此探讨本研究对企业的实践启示。
第一章导论,提出了研究问题,研究意义和创新之处。
第二章对相关文献进行回顾,在国内外现有研究的基础上,对知识团队、知识转移和社会资本理论进行归纳梳理。首先,总结出知识转移研究的两个主要视角：过程视角和影响因素视角；其次,界定了“知识团队”的概念和特性；再次,将国内外对社会资本概念和维度的划分进行了比较分析；最后,找到这三个主题的结合点,探讨了知识团队内部知识转移的意义,以及社会资本对知识转移的影响,从而为下文研究做好铺垫。
第三章首先基于Nahapiet和Ghoshal对社会资本的三维度划分,结合知识团队的背景,界定了知识团队内部的社会资本及其内容。其次,分别讨论了这三个维度社会资本对知识团队中的知识管理活动和绩效等具有的重大价值,并辅助案例进行解释、分析。最后,探讨了社会资本这个三个维度之间具有的自相关性,得出：结构和认知维度的团队社会资本都对关系维度的团队社会资本具有较强影响,结构维度对认知维度的团队社会资本有相对弱的影响。
第四章构建了社会资本对知识团队内部知识转移的影响路径模型。本章分别研究了结构维度、关系维度、认知维度的社会资本对知识转移影响路径。得出结论：结构维度的社会资本通过以机会、动机为中介变量影响知识转移；关系维度的社会资本通过以动机为中介变量影响知识转移；认知维度的社会资本通过以动机、能力为中介变量影响知识转移。从而构建了综合模型,对模型中的间接影响路径进行了解释。
第五部分是研究结果归纳,以及分析对我国企业管理的实践意义。
As we know, knowledge is an important resource of competitive advantage of a enterprise. Therefore, the ability of knowledge transfer has great effect on the establishment of core-competence. In the age of the knowledge-based economy, knowledge team is the knowledge creator, which is composed by knowledge worker. Effective knowledge transfer is crucial for a team. As above, the topic of knowledge transfer for a knowledge team becomes a hot pot.
This paper discusses effects of three different dimensions the social capital on knowledge transfer inside the knowledge team. It analyses effects of different dimensions on knowledge transfer based on literature research. Discussion on interactions of different dimensions of social capital is also included. Finally, a route model is established to illustrate effects of social capital on knowledge transfer inside a team and enlightenment on enterprise's practice.
Chapter one raises questions, research significances and creative points.
Chapter two concludes theories on knowledge team, knowledge transfer and social capital, carrying on review of related domestic and foreign literature. Firstly, two perspectives of knowledge transfer researches are summarized, the process and the influencing factor perspectives. Secondly, the concept and characteristics of knowledge team is defined. Thirdly, comparative analyses on domestic and foreign researches of social capital are carried on. Lastly, connections of these three topics are found to discuss the insignificances of knowledge transfer inside knowledge team and the effects of social capital on knowledge transfer.
Firstly, chapter three defines the concept and contents of social capital inside knowledge team based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal's research, combining the situation of knowledge team. Secondly, chapter three discusses several great values of these three dimensions of social capital on knowledge management and performance in knowledge team respectively. Case study is included to illustrate. Lastly, chapter three discusses the interrelationships of these three dimensions of social capital. Conclusions are made that both of structural and cognitive dimensions have strong effects on relational dimension of social capital. Structural dimension has relatively weak effects on cognitive dimensions of social capital as well.
Chapter four establishes the route model of effects of social capital on knowledge transfer inside knowledge team. Effect routes of these three dimensions of social capital on knowledge transfer are discussed respectively. Conclusions are followed.
Structural dimensions of social capital affect knowledge transfer through the opportunity and motivation variables. Relations dimensions of social capital affect knowledge transfer through motivation variable. Cognitive dimension of social capital affect knowledge transfer through motivation, ability variables. A comprehensive model is followed. And the indirect effects of the model are explained.
The fifth part summarizes research results. As well as analyzing the significances of these results on Business Management in practice.
引文
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3 同1
1 柯江林等.团队社会资本的维度开发及结构检验研究[J].2007,25(5)：935-940.Ming-Huei Chen, Yuan-Chieh Chang.et al., Social Capital and Creativity in R&D Project Teams[J].R&D Management,2008,38(1):21-34.
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3 汪轶.知识型团队中成员社会资本对知识分享效果作用机制研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
1 柯江林,孙健敏等.企业R&D团队之社会资本与团队效能关系的实证研究——以知识分享与知识整合为中介变量[J].管理世界.2007,3：89-101.
2 托马斯·H·达文波特著,袁庆宏译.思考生存——如何优化知识员工的绩效和成果[M].北京：商务印书馆,2007..
1 Mintzberg, H the Nature of Managerial Work[M].Haper Row, New York.1973. Allen, T. Managing the Flow of Technology [M]. MIT Press, Cambridge,1977.
2 林亿明.团队导向的人力资源管理实务对团队知识分享与创新之影响——社会资本的中介效果[D].台湾：东吴大学.2002.
3 王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理.2000,25(10)：2-7.
4 唐炎华,石金涛.我国知识型员工知识转移的动机实证研究[J].管理工程学报.2007,21(1)：29-35.
1 何芳蓉.新产品开发团队之社会资本、知识分享与绩效的实证研究仁[D].硕士学位论文,台湾高雄第一科技大学.2003.
2 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. socia capital,intellectual capital and the organiztional advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review.1998,23(2):242-266.
3 Burt R. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1992.
1 周洁.企业内部社会资本对知识转移的影响[D].浙江：浙江工商大学.2008.
2 王三义,刘新梅等.社会资本结构维度对知识转移的影响路径研究[J].科技进步与对策.2007,24(4)：105-107
1 Dyer, Jeffrey H. and Kentaro Nobeoka. Creating and Managing a High-Performance Knowledge-Sharing Network:The Toyota Case. Strategic Management.2000,21:345-367.
1 Davenport T.H.,Prusak L.. Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What They Know[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School(MA)Press,1998.
1 托马斯·H·达文波特著,袁庆宏译.思考生存——如何优化知识员工的绩效和成果[M],北京：商务印书馆,2007.
1 唐·科恩,劳伦斯·普鲁萨克著,孙健敏,黄小勇等译.社会资本：造就优秀公司的重要元素.北京：商务印书馆,2006.
2 转引自1
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[7]柯江林,孙健敏等.企业R&D团队之社会资本与团队效能关系的实证研究——以知识分享与知识整合为中介变量[J].管理世界.2007,3：89-101.
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2 同1
3 转引自汪轶.知识型团队中成员社会资本对知识分享效果作用机制研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
4 高巍.中国惠普的知识管理失败了吗?[J].时代周刊,2004(1)：62-63.
5 Polanyi,M. The Tacit Dimension[M]. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1966.
1 何芳蓉.新产品开发团队之社会资本、知识分享与绩效的实证研究仁[D].硕士学位论文,台湾高雄第一科技大学,2003.
2 L. Argote, S. L. Beckman and D. Epple. The Persistence and Transfer of Learning in Industrial Settings[J]. Management Science.1990,36(2):140-154.
3 Hansen, M. T. Knowledge networks:Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in Multiunit Companies[J]. Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
4 柯江林,石金涛.知识型团队有效知识转移的社会资本结构优化研究[J].研究与发展管理.2007,19(1)：21-27.
5 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. Socia Capital, Intellectual Capital and the Organiztional Advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review.1998,23(2):242-266.
1 王三义,刘新梅等.社会资本关系维度对知识转移的影响路径研究[J].科技进步与对策.2007,24(9)：84-87.—社会资本结构维度对知识转移的影响路径研究[J].科技进步与对策.2007,24(4)：105-107.王三义,何风林.社会资本认知维度对知识转移的影响路径研究[J].财经论坛.2007,3：122-123.
2 李志宏,李军等.社会资本对个体间非正式知识转移的影响机制研究[J].图书情报工作.2009,53(5)：55-58.
1 Szulanski, G. Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17:27～44.
2 I. Nonaka, H. Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company [M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1995: 65-89.
3 Davenport T.H.,Prusak L..Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What They Know[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School(MA)Press,1998.
4 Teece D. Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms:the Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-how[J]. The Economic Journal.1977,(87):242-261.
1 Szulanski, G. Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17:27-44.
2 Gilbert & Cordey-Hayes. Understanding The Process of Knowledge Transfer to Achieve Successfu Technological Innovation, Technovation,1996,16(6):301-312. 3 Dixon,N. M. Common Knowledge:How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know[M].Boston:Harvard
Business School Press,2000.
4 Wiig, K.M. Interating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge[J]. Long Range Planning,1997,30(3):399-407.
5 Verkasalo & Lappalainen, P. A Method of Measuring the Efficiency of the Knowledge Utilization Process[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1998,45(4):414-423.
6 Lahti,R.K.,Beyerlein.M.M.Knowledge Transfer and Management Consulting:a Look at the Firm[J]. Business Horizon,2000,43(1):5-74.
7 王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理,2000(10)：2-7.
1 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. Socia Capital.Intellectual Capital and the Creation of Value in Firms[C]. Academy of Management,1997.
1 Nancy M. Dixon. Common Knowledge:How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know[M]. Harvard Business Press.2000.
1 Szulanski G. The Process of Knowledge Transfer:A Diachronic Analysis of Stickiness[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.2000,82(1):9-27.
2 Fischer Harald M. Brown Joyce, Porac Joseph F.,et al. Mobilizing Knowledge in Interorganizational Alliances[M], The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge, Oxford University Press.2002.
3 Dixon,N. M. Common Knowledge:How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2000.
4 Goh S C. Managing Effective Knowledge Transfer-an Integrative Framework and Some Practice Implications[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management.2002,6(1):23-30.
5 Cummings J L, Teng B. Transferring R&D knowledge:the Key Factors Affecting Knowledge Success[J]. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management.2003,20(1-2):39-68.
6 Hansen, M.The search-transfer problem:The role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organizatio Subunits[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly.1999:44(1):82-111.
7 Joshi K D, Sarker S, et al. Knowledge Transfer within Information Systems Development Teams:Examining the role of Knowledge Source Attributes [J]. Decision Support Systems.2007,43(2):322-335.
1 柯江林,石金涛.知识型团队有效知识转移的社会资本结构优化研究[J].研究与发展管理.2007,19(1)：21-27.
2 杨曙维.知识型团队特性与知识管理策略关联之研究[D].台湾：政治大学科技管理研究所,2000.
1 托马斯·H·达文波特著,袁庆宏译.思考生存——如何优化知识员工的绩效和成果[M].北京：商务印书馆,2007.
2 Gladstein, D.L.. Groups in Context:A Model of Task Group Effectiveness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly.1984,29:499-517.
3 同1
4 同1
1 托马斯·H·达文波特著,袁庆宏译.思考生存——如何优化知识员工的绩效和成果[M],北京：商务印书馆,2007.
2 Gilber M, Cordey-Hayes M. Understanding the Process of Knowledge Transfer to Achieve Successful Technological Innovation[J]. Technovation,1996,16 (6):30-31
3 J. A. C. Baum and P. Ingram. Survival-enhancing Learning in the Manhattan Hotel Industry,1898-1980[J]. Management Science.1998,44:996-1016.
4 C. S. Galbraith. Transferring Core Manufacturing Technologies in High Technology Firms. California Management Review[J].1990,32(4):56-70.
5 Hansen, M. T. Knowledge networks:Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in Multiunit Companies[J]. Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
6 Nonaka I, Konno N. The concept of "Ba":Building a Foundation for Knowledge Creation[J]. California Management Review,1998,40 (3):40—54.
1 J. Jacobs. The Death and Life of Great American Cities[M],London:penguin books.1965.
2 Bourdieu,Pierre. Distinction:A Social Critique of the Judgment of the Taste[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.1984.
3 Coleman.J. Social Capital in the Creation of the Human Capital[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1988:95-120.
4 Putnam,Robert. Making Democracy work:Civic Traditions in Modern Italy[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press.1993. —Bowling Alone:America's Decling Social Capital[J], Journal of Democracy,1995.
5 Adler P S, Kwon S. Social Capital:Prospects for a New Concept[J]. Academy of Management Review.2002, 27(1):17-40.
6 Bourdieu, P. The forms of capital. Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education[M]. New York:Greenwood Press.1985.
7 Baker, W. Market Networks and Corporate Behavior[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1990,96:589-625.
8 Portes, A. Social Capital:Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology [J]. Annual Review of Sociology 1998,24:1-24.
9 Coleman, J. S. Foundations of Social Theory[M]. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.1990.
1 Putnam, R. D. Bowling Alone:America's Declining Social Capital[J]. Journal of Democracy,1995,6(1):65-78.
2 Brehm, J.,& Rahn, W. Individual-level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital[J]. American Journal of Political Science.1997,41:999-1023.
3 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. Socia Capital,Intellectual Capital and the Organiztional Advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review.1998,23(2):242-266.
4 Adler P S, Kwon S. Social Capital:Prospects for a New Concept. Academy of Management Review.2002,27(1): 17-40.
5 Leana, C.R.&Van Buren, H.J. Organization Social Capital and Employment Practice[J]. Academy of Management Review,1999(24):538-555.
6 Fukuyama,F. Trust:the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity [M]. New York:Free Press,1995.
1 Granovetter. M. S.. The strength of Weak Ties[J]. American Journal of Sociology.1973,78(6):1360-1380.
2 Burt R. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,,199
3 James S. Coleman. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital[J], The American Journal of Sociology, 1988,94:95-120.
4 Putnam,Robert. Making Democracy Work:Civic Traditions in Modern Italy[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press.1993.
5 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S.. Socia Capital,Intellectual Capital and the Organiztional Advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review.1998,23(2):242-266.
6 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S.. Socia Capital,Intellectual Capital and the Organiztional Advantage[J]. Academ Management Review.1998,23(2):242-266.
7 Christopher Manu, Derek H T Walker. Making Sense of Knowledge Transfer and Social Capital Generation for a Pacific Island Aid Infrastructure Project[J]. The Learning Organization.2006,13(5):475-494.
1 Chiang J C. Subsidiary Performance in MNS:the Influences of Absorptive Capacity and Social Capital on Knowledge Transfer[D]. Nova Southeastern University,2007.
2 Jo Rhodes, Peter Lok Richard Yu-Yuan. An Integrative Model of Organizational Learning and Social Capital o Effective Knowledge Transfer and Perceived Organizational Performance[J]. Journal of Workplace Learning.2008, 20(4):245-258.
1 Carnevale, D.G.& Wechesler, B..Trust in the Public Sector-individual and Organizational Determinants[J]. Administration and Society.1992,23:471-494.
Mayer, R.C. J.H. Davis & Schoorman, F.D. An Itegrative Model of Organizational Trust[J]. Academy of Management Review.1995,20:709-734.
2 Granovetter. M. S.. The strength of weak ties[J]. American Journal of Sociology.1973,78(6):1360-1380.
1 赵延东、罗家德.如何测量社会资本：一个经验研究综述[J].国外社会科学.2005,2：20.
2 Portes, Alaejandro. Social Capital:It's Origins and applications in modern sociology[J]. Annual Review of Sociology.1998:24:1-24.
3 同2
4 Wenpin Tsai,Sumantra Ghoshal. Social Capital and Value Creation:the Role of Intrafirm Networks[J].Academy of Management Journal.1998,41(4):465.
1 Hongseok OH, Giuseppe Labianca,et al. A Multilevel Model of Group Social capital[J]. Academy of Management Review.2006,31(3):570.
1 Rosenthal, E.A. Social Networks and Team Performance[D]. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Chicago.1996. 2 Hansen, M.The search-transfer problem:The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly.1999:44(l):82-111.
3 同2
1 本案例取自疏礼兵2005年对港湾网络有限公司实地走访和实地访谈的整理资料。
2 Fox, A.. Beyond Contract:Work, Power and Trust Relations[M]. London:Faber & Fabor.1974.
3 柯江林等.团队社会资本量表的开发及信效度检验[J].当代财经.2006,12：63-66.
1 吴志明和武欣.知识工作团队的领导有效性实证研究[J].科技管理研究.2005,25(11)：104-106.
2 钟瑞国和罗洁伶.从社会资本观点论组织知识转移[J].明道学术论坛.2005.1(1)：1-14.
3 Mayer, R.C. J.H. Davis & Schoorman, F.D. An Itegrative Model of Organizational Trust[J]. Academy of Management Review.1995,20:709-734. Dirks K T. The Effects of Interpersonal Trust on Work Group Performance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1999, 84:445～455
4 Krackhardt, D.&Hanson, J.R.Informal Networks and Organizational Crises:an Experimental Silmulation[J]. Social Psychology Quaterly.1993,51:123-140.
1 Antil John. New Product or Service Adoption:When Does It Happen?[J]. The Journal of Consumer Marking, 1988,5:6.
2 该案例取自Sue Newell, Carole Tansley&Jimmy Huang2004年发表的Social Capital and Knowledge Integration in an ERP Project Team:The Importance of Bridging and Bonding一文中对QEL公司内ERP/HR项目团队的调查和访谈。
1 Wenpin Tsai,Sumantra Ghoshal. Social Capital and Value Creation:the Role of Intrafirm Networks[J].Academy of Management Journal.1998,41(4):465.
2 汪轶.知识型团队中成员社会资本对知识分享效果作用机制研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
3 罗家德和叶勇助.中国人的信任游戏[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社.2007
4 Granovetter. M. S.. The strength of weak ties[J]. American Journal of Sociology.1973,78(6):1360-1380.
5 Coleman.J. Social Capital in the Creation of the Human Capital[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1988:95-120.
1 柯江林等.团队社会资本的维度开发及结构检验研究[J].2007,25(5)：935-940.
2 汪轶.知识型团队中成员社会资本对知识分享效果作用机制研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
3 同1
1 柯江林等.团队社会资本的维度开发及结构检验研究[J].2007,25(5)：935-940.Ming-Huei Chen, Yuan-Chieh Chang.et al., Social Capital and Creativity in R&D Project Teams[J].R&D Management,2008,38(1):21-34.
2 Walker, G. Network position and cognition in a computer firm[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1985,30: 103-130.
3 Wenpin Tsai,Sumantra Ghoshal. Social Capital and Value Creation:the Role of Intrafirm Networks[J].Academy of Management Journal.1998,41(4):465.
2 柯江林等.团队社会资本的维度开发及结构检验研究[J].2007,25(5)：935-940.Ming-Huei Chen, Yuan-Chieh Chang,et al., Social Capital and Creativity in R&D Project Teams[J].R&D Management,2008,38(1):21-34.
3 汪轶.知识型团队中成员社会资本对知识分享效果作用机制研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.
1 柯江林,孙健敏等.企业R&D团队之社会资本与团队效能关系的实证研究——以知识分享与知识整合为中介变量[J].管理世界.2007,3：89-101.
2 托马斯·H·达文波特著,袁庆宏译.思考生存——如何优化知识员工的绩效和成果[M].北京：商务印书馆,2007..
1 Mintzberg, H the Nature of Managerial Work[M].Haper Row, New York.1973. Allen, T. Managing the Flow of Technology [M]. MIT Press, Cambridge,1977.
2 林亿明.团队导向的人力资源管理实务对团队知识分享与创新之影响——社会资本的中介效果[D].台湾：东吴大学.2002.
3 王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理.2000,25(10)：2-7.
4 唐炎华,石金涛.我国知识型员工知识转移的动机实证研究[J].管理工程学报.2007,21(1)：29-35.
1 何芳蓉.新产品开发团队之社会资本、知识分享与绩效的实证研究仁[D].硕士学位论文,台湾高雄第一科技大学.2003.
2 Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. socia capital,intellectual capital and the organiztional advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review.1998,23(2):242-266.
3 Burt R. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1992.
1 周洁.企业内部社会资本对知识转移的影响[D].浙江：浙江工商大学.2008.
2 王三义,刘新梅等.社会资本结构维度对知识转移的影响路径研究[J].科技进步与对策.2007,24(4)：105-107
1 Dyer, Jeffrey H. and Kentaro Nobeoka. Creating and Managing a High-Performance Knowledge-Sharing Network:The Toyota Case. Strategic Management.2000,21:345-367.
1 Davenport T.H.,Prusak L.. Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What They Know[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School(MA)Press,1998.
1 托马斯·H·达文波特著,袁庆宏译.思考生存——如何优化知识员工的绩效和成果[M],北京：商务印书馆,2007.
1 唐·科恩,劳伦斯·普鲁萨克著,孙健敏,黄小勇等译.社会资本：造就优秀公司的重要元素.北京：商务印书馆,2006.
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