钻孔注水高压电脉冲致裂瓦斯抽放技术基础研究
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摘要
本文借鉴高压电脉冲应用于石油上的成熟理论和成功经验,基于现有的瓦斯抽放技术的基础上,将应用于瓦斯抽放的钻孔注水技术和应用于石油开采的高压电脉冲技术相结合提出了一种全新的瓦斯抽放方法——钻孔注水高压电脉冲致裂瓦斯抽放方法。
该方法融合了应用于瓦斯抽放的钻孔注水技术及应用于石油开采的高压电脉冲致裂技术,其中对后者的研究是本文的重点。论文首先介绍了液中脉冲放电的物理现象和液中放电成形的规律性,确定了影响液中放电成形效果的主要放电参数,给出了高压电脉冲放电致裂机理,解释了高压电脉冲技术应用于瓦斯抽放的可行性。
其次本文从断裂与损伤力学的角度出发,确定了岩石裂纹扩展的断裂力学模型,分析了在动载荷作用下岩石的损伤断裂成逢机理,建立了动载脉冲作用过程中裂纹的起裂、扩展和止裂判据。就高压电脉冲需通过水介质进行传动的特殊要求,给出了水中冲击波压力传播的时程特征、水中气泡运动的过程及水中冲击波阵面的主要参数以对钻孔注水高压电脉冲致裂过程进行指导。
用ANSYA和LS-DYNA分别对静水压作用下岩石裂缝的变形与扩展及裂缝注水动态脉冲载荷下裂缝的分叉与扩展进行数值模拟,比较在静水压作用下和钻孔注水动态脉冲载荷下岩石裂缝不同的变形与扩展模式,验证了钻孔注水动态脉冲载荷下岩石裂缝具有明显的分叉趋势。通过实验相似模拟,对动态脉冲在有水介质传动和无水介质传动条件下对岩石的破坏效果进行了对比,反映出了钻孔注水动态脉冲载荷对岩石良好的致裂效果,也进一步验证了我们所提出课题的可行性。
总之,钻孔注水高压电脉冲致裂是一种方便且有效的提高煤层渗透性的方法。它不但能使煤层产生杂乱无章微裂纹和层件贯通裂纹,而且其现场施工受地质条件、施工环境及天气条件等因素影响甚微,同时它也是一种绿色、环保、高效的瓦斯抽放方法,具有巨大的推广使用潜力。
This reference voltage electric pulse applied to the maturity of oil on the theory and successful experience, based on the existing basis of gas drainage technology will be applied to gas drainage drilling water injection technology and the high voltage pulse applied to oil exploration technique a combination of new gas extraction method --high voltage pulse fracturing and drilling water injection gas drainage method.
This method combines the application of gas drainage drilling water injection and oil production of high-voltage pulse applied to hydraulic fracturing technology, the latter of which is the focus of this article. Paper first introduced the fluid pulse discharge physical phenomena and hydraulic discharge regularity of shape, affecting the fluid determine the effect of discharge forming the main discharge parameters, given the high voltage pulse discharge fracturing mechanism to explain the high-voltage pulse technology used in the feasibility of gas drainage
Furthermore, this article from the fracture and damage mechanics point of view, to determine rock fracture mechanics crack growth model to analyze the dynamic loading of rock into a closed fracture mechanism of injury, the establishment of a dynamic load pulse from the crack during crack extension and crack arrest criterion. On the high voltage pulse needed to drive through water the special requirements of medium given shock pressure in water transmission schedule features the process of bubble motion in water and the water shock wave front of the main parameters of the drilling water injection high voltage pulse fracturing process guidance.
With LS-DYNA and ANSYA , rocks under hydrostatic pressure on the deformation and crack extension and crack filling cracks under dynamic pulse load to simulate the bifurcation and extended to compare the effect of hydrostatic pressure and water injection drilling of rock under dynamic pulse load different deformation and crack growth mode, verify the dynamic pulse load drilling water injection has obvious cracks in the rock bifurcation trend. Similar simulation experiments on the dynamic pulse of water in the transmission medium and transmission medium under the conditions of water damage on the Rock compared the effects, reflecting the dynamic pulse load of drilling water injection well fracturing of rock effect, and further verified the feasibility of the proposed topic.
In short, high voltage pulse fracturing and drilling water injection is a convenient and effective way to improve coal permeability. It not only can produce messy seam micro-cracks and layer pieces through the crack, and its on-site construction by the geological conditions, construction environment and weather conditions and other factors have little effect, while it is also a green, environmentally friendly and efficient gas extraction method has tremendous potential to promote the use.
该方法融合了应用于瓦斯抽放的钻孔注水技术及应用于石油开采的高压电脉冲致裂技术,其中对后者的研究是本文的重点。论文首先介绍了液中脉冲放电的物理现象和液中放电成形的规律性,确定了影响液中放电成形效果的主要放电参数,给出了高压电脉冲放电致裂机理,解释了高压电脉冲技术应用于瓦斯抽放的可行性。
其次本文从断裂与损伤力学的角度出发,确定了岩石裂纹扩展的断裂力学模型,分析了在动载荷作用下岩石的损伤断裂成逢机理,建立了动载脉冲作用过程中裂纹的起裂、扩展和止裂判据。就高压电脉冲需通过水介质进行传动的特殊要求,给出了水中冲击波压力传播的时程特征、水中气泡运动的过程及水中冲击波阵面的主要参数以对钻孔注水高压电脉冲致裂过程进行指导。
用ANSYA和LS-DYNA分别对静水压作用下岩石裂缝的变形与扩展及裂缝注水动态脉冲载荷下裂缝的分叉与扩展进行数值模拟,比较在静水压作用下和钻孔注水动态脉冲载荷下岩石裂缝不同的变形与扩展模式,验证了钻孔注水动态脉冲载荷下岩石裂缝具有明显的分叉趋势。通过实验相似模拟,对动态脉冲在有水介质传动和无水介质传动条件下对岩石的破坏效果进行了对比,反映出了钻孔注水动态脉冲载荷对岩石良好的致裂效果,也进一步验证了我们所提出课题的可行性。
总之,钻孔注水高压电脉冲致裂是一种方便且有效的提高煤层渗透性的方法。它不但能使煤层产生杂乱无章微裂纹和层件贯通裂纹,而且其现场施工受地质条件、施工环境及天气条件等因素影响甚微,同时它也是一种绿色、环保、高效的瓦斯抽放方法,具有巨大的推广使用潜力。
This reference voltage electric pulse applied to the maturity of oil on the theory and successful experience, based on the existing basis of gas drainage technology will be applied to gas drainage drilling water injection technology and the high voltage pulse applied to oil exploration technique a combination of new gas extraction method --high voltage pulse fracturing and drilling water injection gas drainage method.
This method combines the application of gas drainage drilling water injection and oil production of high-voltage pulse applied to hydraulic fracturing technology, the latter of which is the focus of this article. Paper first introduced the fluid pulse discharge physical phenomena and hydraulic discharge regularity of shape, affecting the fluid determine the effect of discharge forming the main discharge parameters, given the high voltage pulse discharge fracturing mechanism to explain the high-voltage pulse technology used in the feasibility of gas drainage
Furthermore, this article from the fracture and damage mechanics point of view, to determine rock fracture mechanics crack growth model to analyze the dynamic loading of rock into a closed fracture mechanism of injury, the establishment of a dynamic load pulse from the crack during crack extension and crack arrest criterion. On the high voltage pulse needed to drive through water the special requirements of medium given shock pressure in water transmission schedule features the process of bubble motion in water and the water shock wave front of the main parameters of the drilling water injection high voltage pulse fracturing process guidance.
With LS-DYNA and ANSYA , rocks under hydrostatic pressure on the deformation and crack extension and crack filling cracks under dynamic pulse load to simulate the bifurcation and extended to compare the effect of hydrostatic pressure and water injection drilling of rock under dynamic pulse load different deformation and crack growth mode, verify the dynamic pulse load drilling water injection has obvious cracks in the rock bifurcation trend. Similar simulation experiments on the dynamic pulse of water in the transmission medium and transmission medium under the conditions of water damage on the Rock compared the effects, reflecting the dynamic pulse load of drilling water injection well fracturing of rock effect, and further verified the feasibility of the proposed topic.
In short, high voltage pulse fracturing and drilling water injection is a convenient and effective way to improve coal permeability. It not only can produce messy seam micro-cracks and layer pieces through the crack, and its on-site construction by the geological conditions, construction environment and weather conditions and other factors have little effect, while it is also a green, environmentally friendly and efficient gas extraction method has tremendous potential to promote the use.
引文
[1]宋元明,王涛.中国煤矿瓦斯治理现状与对策.中国煤层气, 2005(04) :3~6
[2]石记红,浅谈.煤矿瓦斯治理的现状及发展.矿业天地,2008(25) :318~318
[3]马丕梁,蔡成功.我国煤矿瓦斯综合治理现状及发展战略.煤炭科学技术,2007(12) :7~11
[4]张群,关于我国煤矿区煤层气开发的战略性思考.中国煤层气,2007(04) :3~5
[5]孙文洁,汤振清,王怀洪,陈平.我国煤层气资源开发利用回顾及展望.科学与管理,2007(04) :93~94
[6]严绪朝,郝鸿毅.我国的煤层气及其开发利用现状和前景,石油科技论坛,2007(05) :4~9
[7]石渊,国外煤层气开发现状扫描.创新科技,2005(02) :12~13
[8]刘洪林,刘洪建,李贵中,王红岩.中国煤层气开发利用前景及其未来战略地位.中国矿业,2004(09) :11~15
[9]翟成,林柏泉,王力.我国煤矿井下煤层气抽采利用现状及问题.天然气工业,2008(07) :23~26
[10]黄盛初,刘文革,赵国泉,刘馨,孙庆刚.中国煤炭,中国煤层气开发利用最新进展及项目机会,2007(11)
[11]冯增朝.低渗透煤层瓦斯强化抽采理论及应用.科学出版社,2008
[12]秦曾衍,左公宁,王永荣,吴弘,孙广生,孙鹞鸿.高压电脉冲放电及其应用.北京工业大学出版社,2000
[13]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破.重庆出版社,2000
[14] K.Cichocki,Effects of underwater blast loading on structures with protective elements,Technical University of Koszalin, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland
[15] Presson P.A Lundborg N.Johansson C.H,The basic mechanism in rock blasting Proc 2th Congr Int Soc Rock Meth. Beograd 1970
[16] J.Henrych,The dynamics of explosion and its use,Elsevier Scientific publishing company, 1979
[17] J.R Brinkmann,An experimental study of the effects of shock and gas penetration in blasting
[18]宗琦.爆炸冲击波的动态破岩特征研究.爆炸与冲击,1997,17(4):369-374
[19]黄克智,余寿文.弹塑性断裂力学.清华大学出版社,1985
[20] Zhang Zhicheng,Blasting Technology of Directional Fragmentation in Rock,Sichuan Institute of Building Materials Engineering, Mianyang, P.R.C.
[21] E.I.Yefremov,Mechanism of rock fragmentation and control of breakage and disintegration process as well of gas and dust ejections in large-scale blasting in quarries,Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics ofAcademy of Sciences of the UkrSSR,USSR.
[22]黄克智,余寿文.弹塑性断裂力学.清华大学出版社,1985
[23]高金石,杨军,张继春.准静态压力作用下岩体爆破成缝方向与机理的研究.爆炸与冲击,Vol.10.No.1,76-84
[24]宗琦.岩石炮孔预切槽爆破断裂成缝机理研究.岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):30-33
[25] Yuichi NAKAMURA,Effects of decoupling on motion of stress waves and fracture control by utilizing charge holders Yatsushiro National College of Technology,Yatsushiro, Kumamoto 866, Japan
[26] Huang Hulin; N.l.Kolev,Shock waves in multiphase flow of fuel-coolant interaction,Lehrstuhl Thermische Kraftanlagen,TU Munich, Boltzamannetr.15,85748,Garching,Germany; Siemens AG,KWU NA-T, P. 3220,D-91050,Erlange, Germany
[27] Barry Kean Atkinson,Fracture mechanics of rock,Academic Press,Linited, 1987
[28] Stephen A. Rholl, Mark S.Stagg, and Rolfe E.Otterness,Blasting Research to Enhance Permeabilty for in Situ Minning
[29]陆毅中.工程断裂力学.西安交通大学出版社,1987
[30]张行.断裂与损伤力学.北京航空航天大学大学出版社,2006
[31]俞统昌,王晓峰,王建灵.炸药的水下爆炸冲击波性能.含能材料,2003(04);182~185
[32]徐国元,古德生.爆炸冲击能和膨胀能破岩作用机理研究.金属矿山,1998,(7):9-11,18
[33]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析使用教程.清华大学出版社,2005
[34]尚晓江,苏建宇,王化锋.LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.中国水利水电出版社,2008
[2]石记红,浅谈.煤矿瓦斯治理的现状及发展.矿业天地,2008(25) :318~318
[3]马丕梁,蔡成功.我国煤矿瓦斯综合治理现状及发展战略.煤炭科学技术,2007(12) :7~11
[4]张群,关于我国煤矿区煤层气开发的战略性思考.中国煤层气,2007(04) :3~5
[5]孙文洁,汤振清,王怀洪,陈平.我国煤层气资源开发利用回顾及展望.科学与管理,2007(04) :93~94
[6]严绪朝,郝鸿毅.我国的煤层气及其开发利用现状和前景,石油科技论坛,2007(05) :4~9
[7]石渊,国外煤层气开发现状扫描.创新科技,2005(02) :12~13
[8]刘洪林,刘洪建,李贵中,王红岩.中国煤层气开发利用前景及其未来战略地位.中国矿业,2004(09) :11~15
[9]翟成,林柏泉,王力.我国煤矿井下煤层气抽采利用现状及问题.天然气工业,2008(07) :23~26
[10]黄盛初,刘文革,赵国泉,刘馨,孙庆刚.中国煤炭,中国煤层气开发利用最新进展及项目机会,2007(11)
[11]冯增朝.低渗透煤层瓦斯强化抽采理论及应用.科学出版社,2008
[12]秦曾衍,左公宁,王永荣,吴弘,孙广生,孙鹞鸿.高压电脉冲放电及其应用.北京工业大学出版社,2000
[13]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破.重庆出版社,2000
[14] K.Cichocki,Effects of underwater blast loading on structures with protective elements,Technical University of Koszalin, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland
[15] Presson P.A Lundborg N.Johansson C.H,The basic mechanism in rock blasting Proc 2th Congr Int Soc Rock Meth. Beograd 1970
[16] J.Henrych,The dynamics of explosion and its use,Elsevier Scientific publishing company, 1979
[17] J.R Brinkmann,An experimental study of the effects of shock and gas penetration in blasting
[18]宗琦.爆炸冲击波的动态破岩特征研究.爆炸与冲击,1997,17(4):369-374
[19]黄克智,余寿文.弹塑性断裂力学.清华大学出版社,1985
[20] Zhang Zhicheng,Blasting Technology of Directional Fragmentation in Rock,Sichuan Institute of Building Materials Engineering, Mianyang, P.R.C.
[21] E.I.Yefremov,Mechanism of rock fragmentation and control of breakage and disintegration process as well of gas and dust ejections in large-scale blasting in quarries,Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics ofAcademy of Sciences of the UkrSSR,USSR.
[22]黄克智,余寿文.弹塑性断裂力学.清华大学出版社,1985
[23]高金石,杨军,张继春.准静态压力作用下岩体爆破成缝方向与机理的研究.爆炸与冲击,Vol.10.No.1,76-84
[24]宗琦.岩石炮孔预切槽爆破断裂成缝机理研究.岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):30-33
[25] Yuichi NAKAMURA,Effects of decoupling on motion of stress waves and fracture control by utilizing charge holders Yatsushiro National College of Technology,Yatsushiro, Kumamoto 866, Japan
[26] Huang Hulin; N.l.Kolev,Shock waves in multiphase flow of fuel-coolant interaction,Lehrstuhl Thermische Kraftanlagen,TU Munich, Boltzamannetr.15,85748,Garching,Germany; Siemens AG,KWU NA-T, P. 3220,D-91050,Erlange, Germany
[27] Barry Kean Atkinson,Fracture mechanics of rock,Academic Press,Linited, 1987
[28] Stephen A. Rholl, Mark S.Stagg, and Rolfe E.Otterness,Blasting Research to Enhance Permeabilty for in Situ Minning
[29]陆毅中.工程断裂力学.西安交通大学出版社,1987
[30]张行.断裂与损伤力学.北京航空航天大学大学出版社,2006
[31]俞统昌,王晓峰,王建灵.炸药的水下爆炸冲击波性能.含能材料,2003(04);182~185
[32]徐国元,古德生.爆炸冲击能和膨胀能破岩作用机理研究.金属矿山,1998,(7):9-11,18
[33]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析使用教程.清华大学出版社,2005
[34]尚晓江,苏建宇,王化锋.LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.中国水利水电出版社,2008