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大型固定管板式换热器管板的有限元分析
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摘要
管壳式换热器是化工、炼油等工业中广泛应用的典型工艺设备,管板是连接壳体、管束和管箱,并承受压力和热膨胀以及来自此三部件载荷的主要部件。在大直径的场合下,正确分析管板受力状态,对保证换热器安全运行和节约材料等起着非常重要的作用。
     本论文建立了三维实体参数化管板模型;分析了管板模型的温度场分布规律,验证了ASME规范中表皮效应理论;分析了不同操作工况下管板模型的应力场,并按照JB4732—1995《钢制压力容器——分析标准》进行了强度分析和评定。强度分析结果表明:除了筒体上的一次薄膜应力起控制作用外,管板的强度控制因素是位于管板与筒体连接圆角过渡处的一次应力加二次应力,且最大值发生在热载荷和壳程压力同时作用下的操作工况下;在壳程侧,管板在较薄的厚度内,存在较大的热应力,主要是由此处较大温度梯度而导致产生的,因此在管板强度计算中应该考虑管板表面温差引起的热应力。
     本论文还分析了管板与筒体和管箱连接过渡圆角的大小对管板应力的影响。研究表明,适当增大圆角半径,能显著降低该位置处的峰值应力,较明显地改善此处的应力分布情况。
     此外,本论文还建立了传统等效模型,比较了稳态操作工况下三维实体模型和传统等效模型的计算结果。结果表明:在非布管区两种
Shell and tube heat exchangers are typical process equipment widely used in petrochemical industries. Tubesheet is the most important part, which is used to connect shell, tube bundle and channel and bear pressure, temperature load and other loads. For a large tubesheet, performing stress analysis is especially useful for saving the material while keeping sufficient strength of the tubesheet.
    In this paper, 3-D finite element solid parametrized model of tubesheet is established. Temperature distribution of the model is obtained, in which "skin effect theory" described in ASME code is verified. Stress field in the tubesheet is calculated and Strength is checked according to the JB4732-1998 standard. Results show that besides P_m (general primary membrane stress) of shell as a controlling factor, P_L+P_b+Q (primary stress plus secondary stress) located at the connecting fillet of tubesheeet and shell, also plays key role in the operating case of temperature load and shell side pressure. The thennal
引文
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