淬火—分配处理60Si2Mn钢的热稳定性与微观组织均匀性研究
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摘要
淬火-分配工艺是2003年由Speer等提出的钢的热处理工艺,该工艺能获得马氏体+残余奥氏体复相组织,从而在提高钢的强度的同时保持良好的塑性(韧性)。根据淬火-分配工艺对材料的要求,本文选用商品60Si2Mn钢作为试验材料,利用空气电阻炉-等温油浴-空气电阻炉作为热处理设备,探索淬火-分配工艺在非TRIP钢中的应用。对试验材料进行淬火-分配处理后再进行深冷处理,研究组织中残余奥氏体的热稳定性。试样采用大尺寸(φ10×20的圆柱),利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD),金相显微镜结合显微硬度计进行组织表征并研究其组织均匀性,以期使淬火-分配工艺在结构件中获得应用。
结果表明,对于60Si2Mn钢,利用空气电阻炉-等温油浴-空气电阻炉系列设备可实现淬火-分配工艺,获得预期组织。经多次试验得到较理想的热处理工艺参数为880℃奥氏体化5min,220℃淬火10s,400℃分配处理30s,利用该参数得到钢中残余奥氏体含量最高为13.7%(体积分数)。
淬火-分配处理后60Si2Mn钢中的组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体,部分马氏体具有回火特征。圆柱试样横截面,自圆心至边缘扫描电镜照片显示微观组织变化不大,显微硬度也仅有微量降低,表明大试样经淬火-分配处理后组织均匀。
淬火-分配处理后利用酒精-液氮混合溶液在-30℃～-196℃进行不同时间深冷,然后用XRD测残余奥氏体含量并进行硬度测量。结果显示经-30℃分别保温60s和300s,-50℃分别保温60s和300s后,残余奥氏体分别为13.0%,10.9%,9.2%和8.3%；-80℃和液氮中深冷处理后XRD结果中残余奥氏体量太少无法测出,但属于面心里方铁的(111)γ和(200)γ晶面衍射峰仍较明显。表明淬火-分配处理后60Si2Mn钢中残余奥氏体热稳定性良好,可应用于-80℃以上的低温环境。
Quenching and partitioning process is a heat treatment for steels proposed by J G Speer et al in 2003. In the present paper, commercial 60Si2Mn steel, based on the requirement on the steels for the quenching and partitioning process, is adopted as experimental material, and a facilities family of air resistance furnace-oil bath-air resistance furnace is used, to study the application of Q-P process in this kind of alloy structural steels, rather than TRIP steels. Cryogenic treatments at different temperatures are performed to assess the thermal stability of retained austenite. Samples of bigger size (Φ10×20)are designed, and microstructures and its homogeneity are analyzed using transmission electron microscope(TEM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and optical microscope combined with hardness, aiming the application in structural members.
The results show that the Q-P process could be realized using a range of facilities of air electric furnace-oil bath-air electric furnace, rather than salt baths. Optimum process parameters, austenitizing at 880℃for 900s followed by quenching at 220℃for 10s and partitioning at 400℃for 30s, were selected based on repeated experiments. More than 13%(volume fraction) retained austenite combined were got in steels.
Multiphase microstructures of lath martensite, with thin films of residual austenite between martenite laths and block shape of retained austenite were achieved in the Q-P treated 60Si2Mn steel. There is no obvious change in martensite morphology while a decreasing in martensite size from the center to the edge in the microstructures of different locations of the 1/2 height cross section of the sample under FE-SEM. The homogeneity of microstructures is uniform, namely.
Some specimens were cryogenic treated at -196℃～30℃for 60-300s. Mixtures of liquid nitrogen and ethyl alcohol were used for cryogenic treatment. The volume fraction of retained austenite in samples subjected only Q-P process and cryogenically treated under -30℃for 60s, in -30℃for 300s and in -50℃for 60s followed with Q-P process are determined as 13.0%,10.9%,9.2% and 8.3%, respectively. After cryogenic treatment under -80℃and -196℃, the volume fraction of austenite in samples are too low to be determined. However, diffraction peaks of (111)γand (200)γcan be still observed. The result reveals that retained austenite in 60Si2Mn grade steel after Q-P heat treatment can be stabilized to -80℃, indicating the possibility he possibility of application of Q-P processed steels in low-temperature environment.
结果表明,对于60Si2Mn钢,利用空气电阻炉-等温油浴-空气电阻炉系列设备可实现淬火-分配工艺,获得预期组织。经多次试验得到较理想的热处理工艺参数为880℃奥氏体化5min,220℃淬火10s,400℃分配处理30s,利用该参数得到钢中残余奥氏体含量最高为13.7%(体积分数)。
淬火-分配处理后60Si2Mn钢中的组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体,部分马氏体具有回火特征。圆柱试样横截面,自圆心至边缘扫描电镜照片显示微观组织变化不大,显微硬度也仅有微量降低,表明大试样经淬火-分配处理后组织均匀。
淬火-分配处理后利用酒精-液氮混合溶液在-30℃～-196℃进行不同时间深冷,然后用XRD测残余奥氏体含量并进行硬度测量。结果显示经-30℃分别保温60s和300s,-50℃分别保温60s和300s后,残余奥氏体分别为13.0%,10.9%,9.2%和8.3%；-80℃和液氮中深冷处理后XRD结果中残余奥氏体量太少无法测出,但属于面心里方铁的(111)γ和(200)γ晶面衍射峰仍较明显。表明淬火-分配处理后60Si2Mn钢中残余奥氏体热稳定性良好,可应用于-80℃以上的低温环境。
Quenching and partitioning process is a heat treatment for steels proposed by J G Speer et al in 2003. In the present paper, commercial 60Si2Mn steel, based on the requirement on the steels for the quenching and partitioning process, is adopted as experimental material, and a facilities family of air resistance furnace-oil bath-air resistance furnace is used, to study the application of Q-P process in this kind of alloy structural steels, rather than TRIP steels. Cryogenic treatments at different temperatures are performed to assess the thermal stability of retained austenite. Samples of bigger size (Φ10×20)are designed, and microstructures and its homogeneity are analyzed using transmission electron microscope(TEM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and optical microscope combined with hardness, aiming the application in structural members.
The results show that the Q-P process could be realized using a range of facilities of air electric furnace-oil bath-air electric furnace, rather than salt baths. Optimum process parameters, austenitizing at 880℃for 900s followed by quenching at 220℃for 10s and partitioning at 400℃for 30s, were selected based on repeated experiments. More than 13%(volume fraction) retained austenite combined were got in steels.
Multiphase microstructures of lath martensite, with thin films of residual austenite between martenite laths and block shape of retained austenite were achieved in the Q-P treated 60Si2Mn steel. There is no obvious change in martensite morphology while a decreasing in martensite size from the center to the edge in the microstructures of different locations of the 1/2 height cross section of the sample under FE-SEM. The homogeneity of microstructures is uniform, namely.
Some specimens were cryogenic treated at -196℃～30℃for 60-300s. Mixtures of liquid nitrogen and ethyl alcohol were used for cryogenic treatment. The volume fraction of retained austenite in samples subjected only Q-P process and cryogenically treated under -30℃for 60s, in -30℃for 300s and in -50℃for 60s followed with Q-P process are determined as 13.0%,10.9%,9.2% and 8.3%, respectively. After cryogenic treatment under -80℃and -196℃, the volume fraction of austenite in samples are too low to be determined. However, diffraction peaks of (111)γand (200)γcan be still observed. The result reveals that retained austenite in 60Si2Mn grade steel after Q-P heat treatment can be stabilized to -80℃, indicating the possibility he possibility of application of Q-P processed steels in low-temperature environment.
引文
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