Nb-Ti复合超低碳烘烤硬化钢板成分的优化研究
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摘要
ULC-BH钢作为新一代冲压用钢,成为当今汽车外板主要材料。目前我国的ULC-BH钢板存在成品合格率低、烘烤硬化性能不稳定等缺点。由于固溶C含量是决定超低碳烘烤硬化钢板烘烤硬化性能的主要因素,将固溶C含量控制在较稳定的范围内是获得稳定烘烤硬化性能的关键。本文针对Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的成分和工艺参数进行深入的研究,期望为稳定固溶C含量和烘烤硬化性能提供理论和技术参考。
在搜集国内外相关文献,总结了国内外ULC-BH钢板的研究现状的基础上,主要进行了以下研究：(1)Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的相变转变规律,冷轧板的再结晶规律,晶粒长大规律,为成分设计和制定热轧和退火工艺提供参考；(2)Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的第二相的固溶析出规律和成分对固溶析出的影响,为成分设计和制定退火工艺提供参考；(3)Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的烘烤硬化性能和工艺参数的关系。通过研究得到如下结论：
(1)提高退火温度使得NbC回溶量增加和晶粒长大,提高冷却速度可阻碍慢冷中MC相的重新析出,所以提高退火温度和冷却速度是提高固溶C含量和烘烤硬化性能的主要原因。(2)Ti/N原子比等于1时,通过Ti来稳定N,而C只靠Nb来稳定,所以M(C,N)第二相的析出最为简单,对固溶C含量的稳定控制和预测是很有利的。而减少Nb、Ti、C含量有利于减少MC第二相析出量,从而使得退火后MC相回溶量越少,这也有利于控制固溶C含量和烘烤硬化性能。(3)通过增加退火温度和减少Nb、Ti、C等含量来减少M(C,N)第二相的析出量有利于提高晶粒尺寸。
As a new general sheet for deep drawing applications,Ultra-Low Carbon bake hardening (ULC-BH) steels have become the main materials of automotive body outside plate. At present, we can product the Nb-Ti treated ULC-BH steels,but the production's pass percent is low and the bake hardening property is untable.The solution carbon content is the main factor impact the bake hardening property.It is the key point to stabilize the bake hardening property by controlling the solution carbon content.The main research of this article is composition and processing parameter,which provided important theory and technology support.
The present status of Nb-Ti treated ULC-BH steel development was generalized after document retrieval and studying,then the work as following was done:(1)Study on the phase transformation rule, recrystallization rule and grain growth rule of cold rolling plate for Composition Design and hot rolling,annealing technology formulation; (2) Study on finding the second-phase particles form,precipitation rule,calculation expressions of solution carbon content for Composition Design and annealing technology formulation;(3) Study on effect of process parameter on the bake hardening property of Nb-Ti treated ULC-BH steels;The following conclusions were obtained:
(1) Procated the main reason why it was better for NbC dissolution and grain growth to improve annealing temperature and the reason why increasing the cooling rate can improve bake hardening property is to prevent reprecipitation of MC.So improwing annealing temperature and cooling rate can improve solution carbon content and bake hardening property. (2) When the Ti/N atom ratio is 1, it's simple to use Ti to stabilize the N and Nb to stabilize the C,so it's available to forecast and stably control solution carbon content and BH2 value. It's better for decreasing MC phase content to decrease the Nb,Ti,C.It's useful to control solution carbon content and bake hardening property to decrease Nb,Ti and C content,because the M(C,N) phase can be decreased by decreasing Nb,Ti,C content,so it is available for controlling solution carbon content and bake hardening property.(3)The grain size can be improved by improving the annealing temperature and decrease the M(C,N) precipitation which can be decreased by decreasing the Nb,Ti,C content.
在搜集国内外相关文献,总结了国内外ULC-BH钢板的研究现状的基础上,主要进行了以下研究：(1)Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的相变转变规律,冷轧板的再结晶规律,晶粒长大规律,为成分设计和制定热轧和退火工艺提供参考；(2)Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的第二相的固溶析出规律和成分对固溶析出的影响,为成分设计和制定退火工艺提供参考；(3)Nb-Ti复合ULC-BH钢板的烘烤硬化性能和工艺参数的关系。通过研究得到如下结论：
(1)提高退火温度使得NbC回溶量增加和晶粒长大,提高冷却速度可阻碍慢冷中MC相的重新析出,所以提高退火温度和冷却速度是提高固溶C含量和烘烤硬化性能的主要原因。(2)Ti/N原子比等于1时,通过Ti来稳定N,而C只靠Nb来稳定,所以M(C,N)第二相的析出最为简单,对固溶C含量的稳定控制和预测是很有利的。而减少Nb、Ti、C含量有利于减少MC第二相析出量,从而使得退火后MC相回溶量越少,这也有利于控制固溶C含量和烘烤硬化性能。(3)通过增加退火温度和减少Nb、Ti、C等含量来减少M(C,N)第二相的析出量有利于提高晶粒尺寸。
As a new general sheet for deep drawing applications,Ultra-Low Carbon bake hardening (ULC-BH) steels have become the main materials of automotive body outside plate. At present, we can product the Nb-Ti treated ULC-BH steels,but the production's pass percent is low and the bake hardening property is untable.The solution carbon content is the main factor impact the bake hardening property.It is the key point to stabilize the bake hardening property by controlling the solution carbon content.The main research of this article is composition and processing parameter,which provided important theory and technology support.
The present status of Nb-Ti treated ULC-BH steel development was generalized after document retrieval and studying,then the work as following was done:(1)Study on the phase transformation rule, recrystallization rule and grain growth rule of cold rolling plate for Composition Design and hot rolling,annealing technology formulation; (2) Study on finding the second-phase particles form,precipitation rule,calculation expressions of solution carbon content for Composition Design and annealing technology formulation;(3) Study on effect of process parameter on the bake hardening property of Nb-Ti treated ULC-BH steels;The following conclusions were obtained:
(1) Procated the main reason why it was better for NbC dissolution and grain growth to improve annealing temperature and the reason why increasing the cooling rate can improve bake hardening property is to prevent reprecipitation of MC.So improwing annealing temperature and cooling rate can improve solution carbon content and bake hardening property. (2) When the Ti/N atom ratio is 1, it's simple to use Ti to stabilize the N and Nb to stabilize the C,so it's available to forecast and stably control solution carbon content and BH2 value. It's better for decreasing MC phase content to decrease the Nb,Ti,C.It's useful to control solution carbon content and bake hardening property to decrease Nb,Ti and C content,because the M(C,N) phase can be decreased by decreasing Nb,Ti,C content,so it is available for controlling solution carbon content and bake hardening property.(3)The grain size can be improved by improving the annealing temperature and decrease the M(C,N) precipitation which can be decreased by decreasing the Nb,Ti,C content.
引文
[1]中国汽车产量跃居世界第三已超德国仅次于美日.http://www.chinanews.com
[2]中国汽车年产销量再创新高.http://www.caijing.com.cn/2008-01-15/100045346.html
[3]2008年汽车产量低于预期或为950万-960万辆.http://auto.sina.com.cn/news/2008-11-24/1012431963.shtml
[4]专家：电力成全球温室气体“祸首”汽车次之.http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/hbht/news/2008/04-23/1229752.shtml
[5]张远鹏.世界资源产品价格走势分析与预测.http://www.jsass.com.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=785
[6]谭雅玲.石油价格监管调节的战略性与投机性.http://news.stockstar.com/info/darticle.aspx?id=JL,20080820,00000517&columnid=24 49
[7]王瑞珍,罗海文,董瀚.汽车用高强度钢板的最新研究进展.中国冶金,2006,16(9)：1-12
[8]李俊.影响高强度汽车板发展的主要问题及其对策.世界钢铁,2006,(3)：1-5
[9]中原孝善(日),高宏适(译).高强度钢板在汽车上的应用及其成形技术.世界钢铁,2006,(3)：27-32
[10]袁明生.先进高强度热镀锌钢面临的挑战及其研究.世界钢铁,2006,(3)：6-26
[11]马鸣图.我国汽车钢板研究与应用进展.钢铁.2001,36(8)：64-69
[12]康永林.现代汽车板的质量控制与成形性.北京：冶金工业出版社,1999
[13]黄宝旭.氮、铌合金化孪生诱发塑性(TWIP)钢的研究：[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007
[14]W. B. Hutchinson, K.-I. Nilsson and J. Hirsch, "Annealing Textures in ultra-low carbon steel", Metallurgy of Vacuum-Degassed Steel Products, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1990,109-125.
[15]Storozheva L M.Ultralow-Carbon Steels for Automotive Industry with the Effect of Hardening upon Drying of Completed Parts[J].Metallovedeniei Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov,2001,(9):9-18
[16]N. MIZUI. Precipitation control and related mechanical properties in ULC sheet steels: Proc. Conf. on'Modern LC and ULC sheet steels for cold forming-processing and properties', Aachen, Verlag Mainz,1998:169-178
[17]Manabu T. Metallurgical Aspect of Sheet Steels for Automobiles(1)[J].Materials Science & Technology,2004,74(5):459-66.
[18]姚贵升.采用烘烤硬化钢板(BH钢)改善汽车车身外表零件的抗凹陷性能.宝钢技术,2000,(4)：1-6.
[19]朱士风,等.CA1092车身轻量化的研究.汽车工艺与材料,2002,(8/9)：58-62.
[20]康永林.国内外汽车板的现状需求和发展趋势.中国冶金,2003,(6)：18-23
[21]张志勤,何立波.阿塞勒公司汽车钢板主要品种综述及我国汽车板生产研发现状.鞍钢技术,2004,(1)：7-11
[22]李光瀛,等.汽车板开发与生产.中国冶金,2002,(1)：15-18
[23]王利等.宝钢冷轧汽车板品种开发及应用.特殊钢,20003,24(1)：55-56
[24]王利等.宝钢冷轧汽车板品种开发应用及发展.中国冶金,2003,(8)：23-25
[25]关小军.超低碳高强度烘烤硬化钢板.山东科学技术出版社,2000
[26]D. K. Matlock, B. J. Allan, and J. G. Speer. Aging behavior and properties of ultra low carbon bake hardenable steels:Proc. Conf. on'Modern LC and ULC sheet steels for cold forming-processing and properties', Aachen, Verlag Mainz,1998:265-276;
[27]王先进,关小军.超低碳高强度烘烤硬化钢板的发展.国外钢铁,1993,(5)：41
[28]A. V. Snick, K. Lips, S. Vandeputte, b. c. de cooman, and j.dilewijns:Proc. Conf. on 'Modern LC and ULC sheet steels for cold forming processing and properties',Aachen, Verlag Mainz,1998,2:413
[29]S. Hanai, N. Takemoto, Y.Tokunaga, and Y. Mizuyama. The present work was part of a research program:Trans. ISIJ,1984,24:17-23.
[30]J. M Rubianes and P. Zimmer:Rev. Metall. Cah. Int. Tech.,1996:99-109.
[31]W. Bleck:Proc. IDDRG Working Group Meeting,Haugesund, Norway, International Deep Drawing Research Group,1987(5):2-15,
[32]M. Kinoshita and A. Nishimoto:Trans. ISIJ,1988,28:B66.
[33]P. Meissen and V. Leroy:Steel Res.,1989,60, (7):320-328.
[34]K. sakata, S. satoh, T. Kato, and O. Hashimoto:in'Physical metallurgy of IF steels',, Tokyo, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan.1994:279-288
[35]R. Pradhan:In'Metallurgy of vacuum degassed steel products',Warrendale, PA, TMS,1990:309-325,
[36]C.-S. Lee and B. K. Zuidema:High strength steels for the automotive industry, Warrendale, PA, ISS.1994:103-110
[37]De, A.K.; De Cooman, B.C.; Soenen, B.; Vandeputte, S. Carbon distribution between matrix, grain boundaries and dislocations in ultra low carbon bake-hardenable steels. I&SM,2001,28(9):31-37
[38]T. Irie,S.Satoh,A.Yasuda, and O. Hashimoto,Metallurgy of continuously annealed sheet steel,Warrendale, PA, TMS,1982:155-171
[39]K. A. Taylor and J. G. Speer:ISS MWSP Conf. Proc,1998,35:49-61.
[40]N. Ohashi,T Irie, S.Satoh, and O. Hashimoto:SAE Technical Paper 810027, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale,PA, USA,1981.
[41]赵虎等.终轧温度对超低碳BH钢板组织和性能的影响.汽车工艺与材料,2006,(11)：6-8
[42]K. Lips, X. Yang, and K. Mols:Steel Res.,1996,67, (9):357-363
[43]A. Van Snick, D. Vanderschuren, S. Vandeputte, and J.dilewijns:ISS MWSP Conf. Proc,1998,35:225-232
[44]Y. Tokunaga, M. Yamada:Method for the production of cold rolled steel sheet having super deep drawability', US Patent 4,504,326,1985
[45]K.Sakata, S.Satoh, T.Kato, and O.Hashimoto:in Physical metallurgy of IF steels, Tokyo, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,1994:279-288
[46]A. Van Snick, D. Vanderschuren, S. Vandeputte, and J.Dilewijns:ISS MWSP Conf. Proc,1998,35:225-232
[47]S. Satoh,T.Irie,and O. Hashimoto:Tetsu-to-HaganeA (J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn),1983,68: 1362
[48]C-S. Lee,B. K. Zuidema.in High strength steels for the automotive industry', Warrendale, PA, ISS,1994:103-110
[49]J. R. Low and M. gensamer:Trans. AIME,1944,158:207-249.
[50]W. Bleck,R. Bode, and W. Muschenborn:SAE Technical Paper 930025, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA,USA,1993.
[51]关小军,周家娟,姜寿文.Ti2Nb对高强IF钢板连续退火再结晶的影响.特殊钢,2000,21(4)：16-19
[52]雍岐龙.钢铁材料中的第二相.北京：冶金工业出版社,2006
[53]吴承建,陈国良,强文江.金属材料学.北京：冶金工业出版社,2000
[54]关小军.成分和工艺对超低碳高强度烘烤硬化钢板组织和性能影响的研究：[博士学位论文].北京：北京科技大学,1993
[2]中国汽车年产销量再创新高.http://www.caijing.com.cn/2008-01-15/100045346.html
[3]2008年汽车产量低于预期或为950万-960万辆.http://auto.sina.com.cn/news/2008-11-24/1012431963.shtml
[4]专家：电力成全球温室气体“祸首”汽车次之.http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/hbht/news/2008/04-23/1229752.shtml
[5]张远鹏.世界资源产品价格走势分析与预测.http://www.jsass.com.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=785
[6]谭雅玲.石油价格监管调节的战略性与投机性.http://news.stockstar.com/info/darticle.aspx?id=JL,20080820,00000517&columnid=24 49
[7]王瑞珍,罗海文,董瀚.汽车用高强度钢板的最新研究进展.中国冶金,2006,16(9)：1-12
[8]李俊.影响高强度汽车板发展的主要问题及其对策.世界钢铁,2006,(3)：1-5
[9]中原孝善(日),高宏适(译).高强度钢板在汽车上的应用及其成形技术.世界钢铁,2006,(3)：27-32
[10]袁明生.先进高强度热镀锌钢面临的挑战及其研究.世界钢铁,2006,(3)：6-26
[11]马鸣图.我国汽车钢板研究与应用进展.钢铁.2001,36(8)：64-69
[12]康永林.现代汽车板的质量控制与成形性.北京：冶金工业出版社,1999
[13]黄宝旭.氮、铌合金化孪生诱发塑性(TWIP)钢的研究：[博士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007
[14]W. B. Hutchinson, K.-I. Nilsson and J. Hirsch, "Annealing Textures in ultra-low carbon steel", Metallurgy of Vacuum-Degassed Steel Products, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1990,109-125.
[15]Storozheva L M.Ultralow-Carbon Steels for Automotive Industry with the Effect of Hardening upon Drying of Completed Parts[J].Metallovedeniei Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov,2001,(9):9-18
[16]N. MIZUI. Precipitation control and related mechanical properties in ULC sheet steels: Proc. Conf. on'Modern LC and ULC sheet steels for cold forming-processing and properties', Aachen, Verlag Mainz,1998:169-178
[17]Manabu T. Metallurgical Aspect of Sheet Steels for Automobiles(1)[J].Materials Science & Technology,2004,74(5):459-66.
[18]姚贵升.采用烘烤硬化钢板(BH钢)改善汽车车身外表零件的抗凹陷性能.宝钢技术,2000,(4)：1-6.
[19]朱士风,等.CA1092车身轻量化的研究.汽车工艺与材料,2002,(8/9)：58-62.
[20]康永林.国内外汽车板的现状需求和发展趋势.中国冶金,2003,(6)：18-23
[21]张志勤,何立波.阿塞勒公司汽车钢板主要品种综述及我国汽车板生产研发现状.鞍钢技术,2004,(1)：7-11
[22]李光瀛,等.汽车板开发与生产.中国冶金,2002,(1)：15-18
[23]王利等.宝钢冷轧汽车板品种开发及应用.特殊钢,20003,24(1)：55-56
[24]王利等.宝钢冷轧汽车板品种开发应用及发展.中国冶金,2003,(8)：23-25
[25]关小军.超低碳高强度烘烤硬化钢板.山东科学技术出版社,2000
[26]D. K. Matlock, B. J. Allan, and J. G. Speer. Aging behavior and properties of ultra low carbon bake hardenable steels:Proc. Conf. on'Modern LC and ULC sheet steels for cold forming-processing and properties', Aachen, Verlag Mainz,1998:265-276;
[27]王先进,关小军.超低碳高强度烘烤硬化钢板的发展.国外钢铁,1993,(5)：41
[28]A. V. Snick, K. Lips, S. Vandeputte, b. c. de cooman, and j.dilewijns:Proc. Conf. on 'Modern LC and ULC sheet steels for cold forming processing and properties',Aachen, Verlag Mainz,1998,2:413
[29]S. Hanai, N. Takemoto, Y.Tokunaga, and Y. Mizuyama. The present work was part of a research program:Trans. ISIJ,1984,24:17-23.
[30]J. M Rubianes and P. Zimmer:Rev. Metall. Cah. Int. Tech.,1996:99-109.
[31]W. Bleck:Proc. IDDRG Working Group Meeting,Haugesund, Norway, International Deep Drawing Research Group,1987(5):2-15,
[32]M. Kinoshita and A. Nishimoto:Trans. ISIJ,1988,28:B66.
[33]P. Meissen and V. Leroy:Steel Res.,1989,60, (7):320-328.
[34]K. sakata, S. satoh, T. Kato, and O. Hashimoto:in'Physical metallurgy of IF steels',, Tokyo, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan.1994:279-288
[35]R. Pradhan:In'Metallurgy of vacuum degassed steel products',Warrendale, PA, TMS,1990:309-325,
[36]C.-S. Lee and B. K. Zuidema:High strength steels for the automotive industry, Warrendale, PA, ISS.1994:103-110
[37]De, A.K.; De Cooman, B.C.; Soenen, B.; Vandeputte, S. Carbon distribution between matrix, grain boundaries and dislocations in ultra low carbon bake-hardenable steels. I&SM,2001,28(9):31-37
[38]T. Irie,S.Satoh,A.Yasuda, and O. Hashimoto,Metallurgy of continuously annealed sheet steel,Warrendale, PA, TMS,1982:155-171
[39]K. A. Taylor and J. G. Speer:ISS MWSP Conf. Proc,1998,35:49-61.
[40]N. Ohashi,T Irie, S.Satoh, and O. Hashimoto:SAE Technical Paper 810027, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale,PA, USA,1981.
[41]赵虎等.终轧温度对超低碳BH钢板组织和性能的影响.汽车工艺与材料,2006,(11)：6-8
[42]K. Lips, X. Yang, and K. Mols:Steel Res.,1996,67, (9):357-363
[43]A. Van Snick, D. Vanderschuren, S. Vandeputte, and J.dilewijns:ISS MWSP Conf. Proc,1998,35:225-232
[44]Y. Tokunaga, M. Yamada:Method for the production of cold rolled steel sheet having super deep drawability', US Patent 4,504,326,1985
[45]K.Sakata, S.Satoh, T.Kato, and O.Hashimoto:in Physical metallurgy of IF steels, Tokyo, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,1994:279-288
[46]A. Van Snick, D. Vanderschuren, S. Vandeputte, and J.Dilewijns:ISS MWSP Conf. Proc,1998,35:225-232
[47]S. Satoh,T.Irie,and O. Hashimoto:Tetsu-to-HaganeA (J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn),1983,68: 1362
[48]C-S. Lee,B. K. Zuidema.in High strength steels for the automotive industry', Warrendale, PA, ISS,1994:103-110
[49]J. R. Low and M. gensamer:Trans. AIME,1944,158:207-249.
[50]W. Bleck,R. Bode, and W. Muschenborn:SAE Technical Paper 930025, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA,USA,1993.
[51]关小军,周家娟,姜寿文.Ti2Nb对高强IF钢板连续退火再结晶的影响.特殊钢,2000,21(4)：16-19
[52]雍岐龙.钢铁材料中的第二相.北京：冶金工业出版社,2006
[53]吴承建,陈国良,强文江.金属材料学.北京：冶金工业出版社,2000
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