炼厂废碱液中酚的络合萃取与资源化
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摘要
在石油炼制过程中所产生的汽油需要用氢氧化钠对其洗涤以获得精制品,为此而产生大量的废碱液。这些废碱液中含有高浓度的酚类、硫化物、油等污染物。本文以废碱液作为研究对象,通过酸化预处理和络合萃取等工艺以降低废碱液中的有机物,为废碱液的进一步生物处理奠定基础。同时在对废碱液中酚类物质回收的过程中,达到对污染物的资源化利用的目的。
本实验以磷酸三丁酯为络合剂采用络合萃取法提取废碱液中的酚,采用多级错流工艺探讨萃取剂的损耗率。利用层流型恒界面池,通过考察转速、界面积、温度、初始酚浓度等因素对萃取速率的影响,探讨了萃取过程的控制模式。
实验结果表明：在初始pH<8、温度为20-30℃、磷酸三丁酯的体积分数为25-30%时,当废碱液中酚浓度为12000-14000mg/L时能达到98%以上的酚类化合物的萃取率。磷酸三丁酯萃取酚类物质的动力学研究表明,酚类萃取过程属扩散控制过程,且推导得出其动力学方程式为R=kfl[ArOH(w)]·[TBP(o)]-kb[ArOH(o)],萃取反应为一级可逆反应。根据回收的酚类物质的特点,探讨将其制成微球并使其炭化活化得到酚醛基炭微球,可作为催化剂、载体、吸附材料、电极材料等介质。
研究表明,通过对酚类萃取反萃工艺参数的考察与酚类萃取动力学控制模式的判定,以便工业应用中采取提高萃取速率更有效的措施,为工业化提供数据。回收的酚类化合物制得的炭微球是废弃物资源化利用的方法之一。
Waste lye was produced in the oil refining process in refineries after alkali cleaning oil in order to obtain petrol products. It consisted of high concentration of phenols, sulfides, oils and other pollutants. In this thesis, waste lye in oil refinery as the research object, phenolic compounds have been reduced through the acidification pretreatment and complexation extraction process, these laid the foundation for further biological treatment of waste lye. Meanwhile, recovery of phenols from waster lye in oil refinery and utilization of phenolic compounds have been studied.
In this thesis, phenols have been extracted from waste lye by using tributyl phosphate(TBP) as extraction agent, waste ratio of extraction agent has been discussed by multistage extraction. The extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds have been measured by the constant interfacial cell with laminar flow, effects of stirring speed, temperature, specific area, phenol concentration and extraction concentration on the extraction rate have been studied, and the extraction mechanism has been discussed in detail.
The experimental results indicated that, under conditions of the initial pH<8, the temperature in 20～30℃, the volume fraction of TBP in 25～30%, the extractability of phenol by TBP were over 98% when the initial concentration of phenol for 12000～14000mg/L. Studing on extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds showed that phenols extraction was diffusion-controlled regime, and the rate equation could be expressed as: R=kf1[ArOH(w)]·[TBP(o)]-kb[ArOH(o)], the extraction of phenols by TBP was first order reaction. According to the characteristic of phenolic compounds which have been extracted from waste lye, phenolic resin-based activated carbon was prepared by recovery of phenolic compounds had been discussed. It can attain certain adsorption effect of phenols, and it can be used as catalyst, carrier, adsorption material, electrode material, et al.
The results showed that, through the investigation of the extraction and reverse extraction process parameters and the control model judgement of extraction dynamics of phenols, it could provide data for further industrialization, more effective measures can be taken in engineering application in order to improving extraction rate. Phenolic compounds recovery from waste lye made into carbon microspheres was one method of waste resources utilization.
本实验以磷酸三丁酯为络合剂采用络合萃取法提取废碱液中的酚,采用多级错流工艺探讨萃取剂的损耗率。利用层流型恒界面池,通过考察转速、界面积、温度、初始酚浓度等因素对萃取速率的影响,探讨了萃取过程的控制模式。
实验结果表明：在初始pH<8、温度为20-30℃、磷酸三丁酯的体积分数为25-30%时,当废碱液中酚浓度为12000-14000mg/L时能达到98%以上的酚类化合物的萃取率。磷酸三丁酯萃取酚类物质的动力学研究表明,酚类萃取过程属扩散控制过程,且推导得出其动力学方程式为R=kfl[ArOH(w)]·[TBP(o)]-kb[ArOH(o)],萃取反应为一级可逆反应。根据回收的酚类物质的特点,探讨将其制成微球并使其炭化活化得到酚醛基炭微球,可作为催化剂、载体、吸附材料、电极材料等介质。
研究表明,通过对酚类萃取反萃工艺参数的考察与酚类萃取动力学控制模式的判定,以便工业应用中采取提高萃取速率更有效的措施,为工业化提供数据。回收的酚类化合物制得的炭微球是废弃物资源化利用的方法之一。
Waste lye was produced in the oil refining process in refineries after alkali cleaning oil in order to obtain petrol products. It consisted of high concentration of phenols, sulfides, oils and other pollutants. In this thesis, waste lye in oil refinery as the research object, phenolic compounds have been reduced through the acidification pretreatment and complexation extraction process, these laid the foundation for further biological treatment of waste lye. Meanwhile, recovery of phenols from waster lye in oil refinery and utilization of phenolic compounds have been studied.
In this thesis, phenols have been extracted from waste lye by using tributyl phosphate(TBP) as extraction agent, waste ratio of extraction agent has been discussed by multistage extraction. The extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds have been measured by the constant interfacial cell with laminar flow, effects of stirring speed, temperature, specific area, phenol concentration and extraction concentration on the extraction rate have been studied, and the extraction mechanism has been discussed in detail.
The experimental results indicated that, under conditions of the initial pH<8, the temperature in 20～30℃, the volume fraction of TBP in 25～30%, the extractability of phenol by TBP were over 98% when the initial concentration of phenol for 12000～14000mg/L. Studing on extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds showed that phenols extraction was diffusion-controlled regime, and the rate equation could be expressed as: R=kf1[ArOH(w)]·[TBP(o)]-kb[ArOH(o)], the extraction of phenols by TBP was first order reaction. According to the characteristic of phenolic compounds which have been extracted from waste lye, phenolic resin-based activated carbon was prepared by recovery of phenolic compounds had been discussed. It can attain certain adsorption effect of phenols, and it can be used as catalyst, carrier, adsorption material, electrode material, et al.
The results showed that, through the investigation of the extraction and reverse extraction process parameters and the control model judgement of extraction dynamics of phenols, it could provide data for further industrialization, more effective measures can be taken in engineering application in order to improving extraction rate. Phenolic compounds recovery from waste lye made into carbon microspheres was one method of waste resources utilization.
引文
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