全电AMT离合器执行机构的研究与开发
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摘要
我国车用手动变速器的设计、制造、质量控制、试验标准以及配套资源都已经相当成熟,机械式自动变速器(AMT)是在手动变速器(MT)的基础上,增加离合器与选换档执行机构改造而成的,发展AMT技术易于实现。虽然液力机械自动变速器(AT)技术成熟、换档平顺性好,但我国目前的工业基础,难以满足AT的高技术、高投资要求。因此,发展AMT是发展中国汽车自动变速器技术的一个切入点。本文依托长丰集团轿车前驱横置机械式自动变速箱开发项目,开展全电AMT离合器执行机构系统的研究与开发,主要研究内容如下：
1.根据全电AMT离合器执行机构系统功能要求,研究设计一种全电AMT离合器直流电机执行机构,着重研究执行机构原理方案、受力运动分析与参数设计,利用仿真软件优化该执行机构参数和绘制执行机构负载图。
2.通过对离合器执行机构模型、离合器模型、车辆传动系统模型的综合研究,建立基于PID控制算法的AMT离合器执行机构控制模型,优化分离接合速度控制策略。
3.对配有离合器执行机构的AMT整车进行在小油门开度(小于30%)、平整路面条件下的道路试验,通过试验分析验证研制的离合器执行机构的设计与控制的合理性。
该执行机构系统应用在长丰集团轿车上,完全满足AMT整车的要求,起步与选换档过程车辆运行平稳、冲击度小,表明机械手动变速器在我国现有手动变速器制造体系上升级为全电AMT是可行的,也是我国变速传动领域向低碳经济发展的必经之路。
In our country, the design, manufacturing, quality control, testing standards and relevant resources on MT of the vehicle have become more advanced, making the development of AMT possible and achievable. However, due to the poor infrastructure presently in the vehicle industry, it's difficult to meet the requirement on AT high tech and high investment. AMT offers a new development breakthrough that may change the way automatic transmission gearboxes are made. Based on the development of AMT's used in the front wheel drive of the ChangFeng's groups sedan models, AMT's that are fully controlled by electricity will be researched within this thesis as follows:
1. Based on the function requirement of AMT clutch actuator, a fully electrical model shall be designed. The principles, parameters and movements of the actuator shall be researched. A simulator set up with parameters to measure and chart the loads will show the optimal range of operation.
2. By studying the clutch actuator model, clutch model and vehicle transmission models, clutch control strategies can be learned based on PID control data. Thus, the speed of engagement and disengagement of the clutch can be optimized.
3. The AMT car, assembled with a clutch actuator system shall be tested under a 30% displacement accelerograph with smooth road conditions. Then, after analyzing the test results, it shall be indicated the clutch actuator design and control of AMT car to work on a good range.
This AMT clutch actuator, assembled onto Chengfeng groups sedan's, will fully meet the AMT's vehicle requirements allowing it to move smoothly during acceleration and shifting without noise or vibration. This feasibility study will prove that existing MT systems can be updated and meet the requirements of a greener less polluting economy.
1.根据全电AMT离合器执行机构系统功能要求,研究设计一种全电AMT离合器直流电机执行机构,着重研究执行机构原理方案、受力运动分析与参数设计,利用仿真软件优化该执行机构参数和绘制执行机构负载图。
2.通过对离合器执行机构模型、离合器模型、车辆传动系统模型的综合研究,建立基于PID控制算法的AMT离合器执行机构控制模型,优化分离接合速度控制策略。
3.对配有离合器执行机构的AMT整车进行在小油门开度(小于30%)、平整路面条件下的道路试验,通过试验分析验证研制的离合器执行机构的设计与控制的合理性。
该执行机构系统应用在长丰集团轿车上,完全满足AMT整车的要求,起步与选换档过程车辆运行平稳、冲击度小,表明机械手动变速器在我国现有手动变速器制造体系上升级为全电AMT是可行的,也是我国变速传动领域向低碳经济发展的必经之路。
In our country, the design, manufacturing, quality control, testing standards and relevant resources on MT of the vehicle have become more advanced, making the development of AMT possible and achievable. However, due to the poor infrastructure presently in the vehicle industry, it's difficult to meet the requirement on AT high tech and high investment. AMT offers a new development breakthrough that may change the way automatic transmission gearboxes are made. Based on the development of AMT's used in the front wheel drive of the ChangFeng's groups sedan models, AMT's that are fully controlled by electricity will be researched within this thesis as follows:
1. Based on the function requirement of AMT clutch actuator, a fully electrical model shall be designed. The principles, parameters and movements of the actuator shall be researched. A simulator set up with parameters to measure and chart the loads will show the optimal range of operation.
2. By studying the clutch actuator model, clutch model and vehicle transmission models, clutch control strategies can be learned based on PID control data. Thus, the speed of engagement and disengagement of the clutch can be optimized.
3. The AMT car, assembled with a clutch actuator system shall be tested under a 30% displacement accelerograph with smooth road conditions. Then, after analyzing the test results, it shall be indicated the clutch actuator design and control of AMT car to work on a good range.
This AMT clutch actuator, assembled onto Chengfeng groups sedan's, will fully meet the AMT's vehicle requirements allowing it to move smoothly during acceleration and shifting without noise or vibration. This feasibility study will prove that existing MT systems can be updated and meet the requirements of a greener less polluting economy.
引文
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[20]Burkhard Pollak,Electro-Mechanical Actuators Shifting Transmissions Into Gear.LuK.SYMPOSIUM.2002.p.173-183
[21]梁珍.自动换挡机械式变速器(AMT)在欧洲5大品牌载货汽车上的应用[J].商用汽车
[22]CLUTCH-BY-WIRE:A new generation of clutch pedal actuators.Valeo. Press,information.pp.1-4
[23]黄建明.机械式自动变速器的控制策略研究[D].重庆大学,2004
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[32]Zhigang Yang, Jianming Huang, Changxiu Cao, Yugang Suz. Intelligent Control Method of Vehicle's Starting on Slope Road. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, June 15-19,2004 Hangzhou., P.R.China
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[43]TANG Xiaqing, HOU Chaozhen, CHEN Yunchuang.Study of Controlling Clutch Engagement for AMT Based on Fuzzy Logic. Journal of Belting Institute of Technology,2002,Vol.11,No.1
[44]齐占宁,陈全世.基于遗传算法的AMT车辆起步模糊控制[J].机械工程学报,2001年4月第37卷第4期
[45]习纲,张建武,陈俐.汽车AMT离合器的非线性滑模控制[J].中国机械工程,第13卷第2期2002年1月下半月
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[47]A. J. Turner and K. Ramsay, R. E. Clark, D. Howe. Development of High Force Electromechanical Linear Actuator for Shift-By-Wire Automated Manual Transmissions,SAE Paper 2006-01-0360
[48]Brigham Erickson, Zac Tselios, ecky Trierweiler,John Beard. Development of the MTU Automatic Shifting Manual Six Speed Transmission,SAE Paper 2006-01-0747
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[2]陈荣桐.机械式自动变速器的全电动离合器的开发[硕士学位论文].长春：吉林工业大学,2005.5
[3]刘振军.基于人-车-路环境下的汽车电控机械自动变速智能控制研究[博士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2005.4
[4]丁华荣.车辆自动换档.北京.北京理工大学出版社,1992
[5]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用.北京：机械工业出版社,1998
[6]何忠波,陈慧岩等.AMT车辆爬行工况离合器控制策略与试验[J].汽车工程,2003(6)：574-577
[7]席军强.定轴式有级机械传动系统中离合器的操纵自动化[博士学位论文].北京：北京理工大学,2001
[8]金伦,程秀生,葛安林.AMT换档过程的离合器控制[J].设计.计算.研究,2006(1)：11-13
[9]陈家.汽车构造[M].北京：人民交通出版,2001
[10]葛安林.自动变速器(一)自动变速器综述.汽车技术,2001(5)1-3
[11]Toshihiro Saito.Development of Metal Pushing V-Belt Stress Simulation for Continuously Variable Transmission [D],SAE paper 2003-01-0969
[12]Koen van de Meerakker. Proposal for an Electromechanical Ratio and Clamping Force Actuator for a Metal V-belt Type CVT[D],SAE 2004-34-2894
[13]李春清等.国内外汽车无级变速(CVT)技术的发展概况[J].广西工学院学报,2004(12)。
[14]王彦卿.汽车动力传动系统最佳匹配的研究[J],国外汽车,1993,(3)：15-17.
[15]刘锦波,张承慧等.电机与拖动.北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[16]徐石安,江发潮.汽车离合器.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[17]王红岩.金属带式无级传动系统分析,匹配综合控制的研究[D].长春：吉林工业大学,1998
[18]Yoshinori Taguchi, Yoshitaka Soga, Akira Mineno, Hideki Kuzuya. Development of an Automated Manual Transmission System Based on Robust Design. SAE Paper 2003-01-0592
[19]Robert Fischer,Georg Schneider.The XSG Family:Dry Clutches and Electric Motors as Core Elements of the Future Automated Gearbox. uK. YMPOSIUM. 002.145-160
[20]Burkhard Pollak,Electro-Mechanical Actuators Shifting Transmissions Into Gear.LuK.SYMPOSIUM.2002.p.173-183
[21]梁珍.自动换挡机械式变速器(AMT)在欧洲5大品牌载货汽车上的应用[J].商用汽车
[22]CLUTCH-BY-WIRE:A new generation of clutch pedal actuators.Valeo. Press,information.pp.1-4
[23]黄建明.机械式自动变速器的控制策略研究[D].重庆大学,2004
[24]Lucente, Gianluca, Montanari, Marcello; Rossi, Carlo. Modelling of an automated manual transmission system. Mechatronics, v 17, n 2-3, March/April, 2007, p 73-91
[25]Horn, Joachim. Bamberger, Joachim; Michau, Peter; Pindl, Stephan. Flatness-based clutch control for automated manual transmissions. Control Engineering Practice, v 11, n 12, December,2003, p 1353-1359
[26]Lee, Hyeoun-Dong. Sul, Seung-Ki; Cho, Han-Sang; Lee, Jang-Moo. Advanced Gear Shifting and Clutching Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Vehicle with Automated Manual Transmission. Conference Record-IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE IndustryApplications Society), v 3,1998, p 1709-1714
[27]Glielmo, Luigi.Iannelli, Luigi; Vacca, Vladimiro; Vasca, Francesco. Speed control for Automated Manual Transmission with dry clutch. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, v 2,2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC),2004, p 1709-1714
[28]CHENG, Dong-sheng,ZHANG Jian-wu,YE Xiao-feng. Sliding Mode Control Approach for Electrically Controllable Clutch of AMT Based on the Feedback Linearization. Journal ofDonghua University(Eng.Ed.)Vol.20,No.3(2003)
[29]TANG Xia-qing, HOU Chao-zhen, CHEN Yun-chuang. Study of Controlling AMT Based Clutch Engagement for on Fuzzy Logic. Journat of Belting Institute of Technology,2002,Vol.11,No.1
[30]LIU Hai-ou, CHEN Hui-yan, DING Hua-rong.Adaptive Clutch Engaging Process Control for Automatic Mechanical Transmission. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2005,Vol.14,No.2
[31]Sun Chengshun, Zhang Jianwu. OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLIED IN AUTOMATIC CLUTCH ENGAGEMENTS OF VEHICLES. CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.Vol.17, o.2,2004
[32]Zhigang Yang, Jianming Huang, Changxiu Cao, Yugang Suz. Intelligent Control Method of Vehicle's Starting on Slope Road. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, June 15-19,2004 Hangzhou., P.R.China
[33]雷雨龙,葛安林,李永军.离合器起步过程的控制策略[J].汽车工程.2000,4)：66-269
[34]雷雨龙.提高电控机械式自动变速器性能的研究[D].长春：吉林工业大学.1998
[35]金辉,葛安林,秦贵和等.基于纵向动力学的坡道识别方法研究[J].机械工程学报.2002,38(1)：79-86
[36]Huifang Kong, Chong wei Zhang. A Research of Fuzzy Control Technology on AMT Vehicle Clutches. Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, June 21-23,2006, Dalian, China
[37]何忠波,陈慧岩,席军强,汪曼粱.AMT车辆爬行工况离合器控制策略与试验[J].汽车工程,2003(V01.25)No.6
[38]金伦,程秀生,葛安林,佟静.AMT换挡过程的离合器控制[J].汽车技术,2006,第1期
[39]曹桂军,葛安林,郑磊.电控机械式自动变速器换挡过程中离合器的接合控制[J].机械工程学报,2005年12月第41卷第12期
[40]金伦,葛安林,程秀生,田华.电控机械式自动变速器起步控制[J].汽车技术,2004,第2期
[41]汤霞清,候朝桢.基于定量反馈理论的AMT离合器接合控制研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2002年2月
[42]程东升,顾力强,张建武.基于反馈线性化的汽车AMT离合器滑模控制[J].汽车工程,2002年(第24卷)第5期
[43]TANG Xiaqing, HOU Chaozhen, CHEN Yunchuang.Study of Controlling Clutch Engagement for AMT Based on Fuzzy Logic. Journal of Belting Institute of Technology,2002,Vol.11,No.1
[44]齐占宁,陈全世.基于遗传算法的AMT车辆起步模糊控制[J].机械工程学报,2001年4月第37卷第4期
[45]习纲,张建武,陈俐.汽车AMT离合器的非线性滑模控制[J].中国机械工程,第13卷第2期2002年1月下半月
[46]Li Chen, Gang Xi. Real-time Analysis for Electronically Controlled Unit of Vehicle Automatic Mechanical Transmission,SAE Paper 2005-01-3589
[47]A. J. Turner and K. Ramsay, R. E. Clark, D. Howe. Development of High Force Electromechanical Linear Actuator for Shift-By-Wire Automated Manual Transmissions,SAE Paper 2006-01-0360
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