基于经济与环境协调发展的天然气利用定价理论与方法研究
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摘要
当前,经济、能源和环境的可持续发展是全球共同关注的重大问题,低碳发展已经成为共识。经济发展依赖于能源资源,能源低碳化是可持续发展的内在要求,而天然气是环境友好程度最高的化石能源,是实现能源低碳化的最现实选择。因此,天然气与经济和环境的协调发展对我国实现经济可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。天然气与经济和环境协调发展的内在要求是：加大天然气的利用,降低碳排放强度,实现经济的低碳发展,转变经济发展方式。合理的天然气利用价格是协调发展的基础。
进入2卜世纪以来,随着经济快速发展和资源环境约束加大,天然气供求矛盾日益凸显。究其原因,关键是合理的天然气价格机制尚未形成。从目前国内外主流的天然气价格研究成果来看,一般认为应逐步放松天然气出厂价格规制,重点规制具有自然垄断特征的天然气管输价格或者地区门站价格,采用成本加成定价法或者市场净回值法进行天然气定价。
究竟应该采用什么样的天然气价格管理模式才能促进国民经济持续健康发展?这是本文研究的重点。从我国的情况看,天然气价格市场化模式尚不具备条件,政府主导的天然气价格管理模式仍将长期占据主导地位。而政府主导的天然气价格管理模式,从价格管制对象看,以出厂价、管输费为主的管制方式已不能适应发展需要,以省市门站价为主的管制方式仍然存在问题,需要研究天然气价格新的管制方式。从价格管制形式看,如果实行无差别的统一定价,可能造成社会福利损失,需要研究天然气这种特殊商品应采用的歧视价格政策,以实现资源社会价值最大化。从天然气定价水平看,过低和过高的天然气利用价格都将直接影响到天然气消费行业的生产经营和对能源的选择,进而影响到宏观经济的增长和碳排放的强度。从天然气定价机制看,应重点解决天然气供求失衡带来的经济与环境问题,需要研究新的天然气定价机制。因此,现行天然气价格规制理论和定价机制都需要创新发展。
本文站在天然气与经济、环境协调发展的视角,提出了天然气价格规制的新模式。天然气价格管制的对象由现行的天然气出厂价格、管输价格,以及试点方案的省市门站价格转变为天然气终端利用价格。根据国民经济发展状况和环境约束状况采用均衡价格模型测算天然气的宏观均衡价格,依据宏观均衡价格确定各省市天然气利用综合指导价格,各省市根据本地特点制定天然气利用的行业价格。在目前国内外相关研究很少的情况下,本研究及其成果富有特色和创新。
本研究成果有利于政府部门结合中长期经济社会发展规划和节能减排目标,确定合理的天然气利用方向,制定合理的天然气利用价格体系,促进天然气产业与经济和环境的协调发展。
At present, the sustainable development of economy, energy and environment is the world's major issues of mutual concern, low carbon development has become a consensus. Economic development depends on the energy resources, low carbon energy is the inherent requirement of sustainable development, natural gas is the most environmentally friendly fossil energy, the most realistic choice to realize the low carbon energy. Natural gas and, therefore, economic and environmental coordinated development to our country economy sustainable development has important practical significance. The inherent requirement of natural gas, economy and environment coordinated development is:increasing the use of natural gas, reducing carbon emissions intensity, to realize low carbon economic development, transformation of the pattern of economic development. Reasonable Price of natural gas utilization is the basis of the coordinated development.
Since entering the21st century, with rapid economic development and resource environment constraints increase, growing natural gas supply and demand contradiction. The reason, the key is a reasonable gas price system has not been formed. Natural gas price research at home and abroad from the mainstream view, generally considered to be gradually easing factory prices of natural gas regulation, focusing on regulation of natural monopoly characteristics of natural gas pipeline transportation price or door price, cost plus pricing or market NET back value for natural gas pricing.
Should adopt what kind of gas price management mode in order to promote the sustained and healthy development of national economy? This is the focus of the research in this paper. Looked from the situation in our country, the price of natural gas market pattern is not qualified, the government-led natural gas price control mode will still dominate for a long time. Under the mode of natural gas price control by government, Give priority to in order to ex-factory price, transmission price control methods cannot meet the needs of development give priority to with the provinces door station price controls means there is still a problem, need to study natural gas price new way of control. From the form of price controls if the indiscriminate unified pricing, may cause social welfare losses, need to study gas this special commodity price discrimination policy should be adopted, in order to maximize resources social value. From the natural gas pricing level, too low and too high natural gas prices will directly affect the production and operation of the consumption of natural gas industry and the choice of energy, which affect the macroeconomic growth and intensity of carbon emissions. From the natural gas pricing mechanism should focus on solve the economic and environment problem caused by natural gas supply and demand imbalance, need to study new natural gas pricing mechanism. Therefore, the current natural gas price regulation theory and pricing mechanism need to innovation and development.
This article in natural gas with the perspective of the harmonious development between economy and environment, made a new model of gas price regulation. Object of Gas prices control from the current natural gas factory prices, pipeline transportation price, as well as door price of pilot provinces and cities into natural gas Terminal price. According to the balanced development of the national economy and environment, Use restrains price model to calculate the macroscopic equilibrium of natural gas prices, Based on macro-equilibrium price Determine integrated guide price on provinces, Provinces develop natural gas industry prices based on the local characteristics. Related research on rare cases at home and abroad, this study and its results has unique features and innovations.
This research result is helpful to the government departments associated with long-term economic and social development planning, energy conservation and emissions reduction targets, determine the reasonable direction of natural gas utilization, establish reasonable use of natural gas price system, promote the natural gas industry and the coordinated development of the economy and the environment.
进入2卜世纪以来,随着经济快速发展和资源环境约束加大,天然气供求矛盾日益凸显。究其原因,关键是合理的天然气价格机制尚未形成。从目前国内外主流的天然气价格研究成果来看,一般认为应逐步放松天然气出厂价格规制,重点规制具有自然垄断特征的天然气管输价格或者地区门站价格,采用成本加成定价法或者市场净回值法进行天然气定价。
究竟应该采用什么样的天然气价格管理模式才能促进国民经济持续健康发展?这是本文研究的重点。从我国的情况看,天然气价格市场化模式尚不具备条件,政府主导的天然气价格管理模式仍将长期占据主导地位。而政府主导的天然气价格管理模式,从价格管制对象看,以出厂价、管输费为主的管制方式已不能适应发展需要,以省市门站价为主的管制方式仍然存在问题,需要研究天然气价格新的管制方式。从价格管制形式看,如果实行无差别的统一定价,可能造成社会福利损失,需要研究天然气这种特殊商品应采用的歧视价格政策,以实现资源社会价值最大化。从天然气定价水平看,过低和过高的天然气利用价格都将直接影响到天然气消费行业的生产经营和对能源的选择,进而影响到宏观经济的增长和碳排放的强度。从天然气定价机制看,应重点解决天然气供求失衡带来的经济与环境问题,需要研究新的天然气定价机制。因此,现行天然气价格规制理论和定价机制都需要创新发展。
本文站在天然气与经济、环境协调发展的视角,提出了天然气价格规制的新模式。天然气价格管制的对象由现行的天然气出厂价格、管输价格,以及试点方案的省市门站价格转变为天然气终端利用价格。根据国民经济发展状况和环境约束状况采用均衡价格模型测算天然气的宏观均衡价格,依据宏观均衡价格确定各省市天然气利用综合指导价格,各省市根据本地特点制定天然气利用的行业价格。在目前国内外相关研究很少的情况下,本研究及其成果富有特色和创新。
本研究成果有利于政府部门结合中长期经济社会发展规划和节能减排目标,确定合理的天然气利用方向,制定合理的天然气利用价格体系,促进天然气产业与经济和环境的协调发展。
At present, the sustainable development of economy, energy and environment is the world's major issues of mutual concern, low carbon development has become a consensus. Economic development depends on the energy resources, low carbon energy is the inherent requirement of sustainable development, natural gas is the most environmentally friendly fossil energy, the most realistic choice to realize the low carbon energy. Natural gas and, therefore, economic and environmental coordinated development to our country economy sustainable development has important practical significance. The inherent requirement of natural gas, economy and environment coordinated development is:increasing the use of natural gas, reducing carbon emissions intensity, to realize low carbon economic development, transformation of the pattern of economic development. Reasonable Price of natural gas utilization is the basis of the coordinated development.
Since entering the21st century, with rapid economic development and resource environment constraints increase, growing natural gas supply and demand contradiction. The reason, the key is a reasonable gas price system has not been formed. Natural gas price research at home and abroad from the mainstream view, generally considered to be gradually easing factory prices of natural gas regulation, focusing on regulation of natural monopoly characteristics of natural gas pipeline transportation price or door price, cost plus pricing or market NET back value for natural gas pricing.
Should adopt what kind of gas price management mode in order to promote the sustained and healthy development of national economy? This is the focus of the research in this paper. Looked from the situation in our country, the price of natural gas market pattern is not qualified, the government-led natural gas price control mode will still dominate for a long time. Under the mode of natural gas price control by government, Give priority to in order to ex-factory price, transmission price control methods cannot meet the needs of development give priority to with the provinces door station price controls means there is still a problem, need to study natural gas price new way of control. From the form of price controls if the indiscriminate unified pricing, may cause social welfare losses, need to study gas this special commodity price discrimination policy should be adopted, in order to maximize resources social value. From the natural gas pricing level, too low and too high natural gas prices will directly affect the production and operation of the consumption of natural gas industry and the choice of energy, which affect the macroeconomic growth and intensity of carbon emissions. From the natural gas pricing mechanism should focus on solve the economic and environment problem caused by natural gas supply and demand imbalance, need to study new natural gas pricing mechanism. Therefore, the current natural gas price regulation theory and pricing mechanism need to innovation and development.
This article in natural gas with the perspective of the harmonious development between economy and environment, made a new model of gas price regulation. Object of Gas prices control from the current natural gas factory prices, pipeline transportation price, as well as door price of pilot provinces and cities into natural gas Terminal price. According to the balanced development of the national economy and environment, Use restrains price model to calculate the macroscopic equilibrium of natural gas prices, Based on macro-equilibrium price Determine integrated guide price on provinces, Provinces develop natural gas industry prices based on the local characteristics. Related research on rare cases at home and abroad, this study and its results has unique features and innovations.
This research result is helpful to the government departments associated with long-term economic and social development planning, energy conservation and emissions reduction targets, determine the reasonable direction of natural gas utilization, establish reasonable use of natural gas price system, promote the natural gas industry and the coordinated development of the economy and the environment.
引文
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