采用光纤耦合及光放大接收的星地光通信系统及关键技术
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摘要
随着地面光纤通信的发展，特别是光放大器及波分复用技术的成熟，1550nm波段的空间激光通信在未来的高速卫星通信中极具发展前景。在1550nm波段的空间激光通信中，空间激光到单模光纤的耦合及光放大接收是关键技术。本论文对采用光纤耦合及光放大接收的星地激光通信系统的一些关键技术进行了研究，包括空间激光到单模光纤的耦合、光放大接收星地激光通信系统信道衰落特性及抗衰落技术等内容。
空间激光到单模光纤的耦合是光放大接收空间激光通信的一个关键技术。根据矩阵光学理论，建立了自由空间激光到单模光纤的耦合模型。分析了光纤定位误差、光学系统像差、透镜的材料色散、瞄准误差、大气湍流等多种因素对空间激光到单模光纤耦合的影响。通过模拟湍流波前，研究了湍流引起的耦合功率衰落特性，及自适应光学耦合系统的性能。采用光纤章动跟踪方法，进行了空间激光到单模光纤耦合的实验验证。对采用自动角度跟踪的耦合系统，提出一种采用高斯模板匹配的跟踪算法，可降低强湍流下耦合功率的衰落深度。
分析了采用单模光纤耦合及光放大接收的卫星激光通信系统中，发射机、接收机的瞄准误差对通信系统性能的影响。同时考虑发射机、接收机的瞄准误差，建立了前置光放大接收卫星激光通信系统链路的优化模型，根据该模型可按平均误码率或突发误码率要求对通信系统天线参数进行优化设计，给出了光学天线的最优参数。
研究了星地下行激光通信中的抗衰落技术。对于多孔径接收阵列，引入子接收孔径之间的距离参数，提出对发射机的瞄准误差具有抑制作用的分布式多孔径阵列接收方案。分析了分布式多孔径光放大接收阵列的性能，并对其信号合并方式进行研究。当实际的发射机瞄准误差大于最优设计值时，通过将集中式阵列改为分布式阵列，可以大大降低发射机瞄准误差引起的信号衰落。
采用数值模拟方法及光束漂移闪烁机理，对地面—卫星上行连接的强度闪烁特性进行了研究。分析了湍流波前倾斜校正发射系统中由于超前瞄准引起的非等晕误差的影响。对于多光束发射，由于不同发射孔径处的湍流波前倾斜具有强相关性，因此各子发射光束之间由湍流波前倾斜引起的光束漂移具有强相关性，分析了这种相关性对多光束发射抗衰落性能的影响。
With the development of optical fiber communications, especially the maturity of the optical amplifiers and the WDM technology, space optical communication at 1550 nm becomes a promising solution for future high speed satellite communication. Receiving technology with optical amplifiers and coupling space light into single mode fiber are key technologies in space optical communication at 1550nm. In this dissertation, the technologies of space optical communication systems with optical amplified receivers, including the aspects of coupling space light into single mode fiber, characteristics of fading channel and anti-fading technologies are studied.
Coupling space light into single mode fiber is a key technology in optically preamplified space optical communication systems. Based on matrix optics method, a model for coupling free space light into single mode fiber is established. The influences of fiber assembing misalignments、aberration of optical systems、material dispersion of lens、pointing error and atmospheric turbulence on coupling efficiency are analyzed. Active coupling experiments are also demonstrated by using of fiber nutation tracking techniques. Turbulence-induced fading of coupled optical power is investgated by simulating distorted optical wave-front, and the coupling performance with adaptive optics is alse analyzed. For angle-tracked coupling systems, an gaussian template matching tracking algorithm is proposed to reduce signal fading depth in the situation of strong turbulence.
The influence of pointing error on communication performance is analyzed in fiber coupled and optically preamplified space optical communication systems. Considering the pointing errors of transmitter and receiver, a model for optimizing optically preamplified satellite optical communication systems are established according to average bit error rate or burst error rate, and the optimal antenna parameters are given.
Anti-fading technologies are studied in satellite-to-ground optical downlink. The parameter of distance between sub-apertures is introduced in multi-aperture receiver, and a distributed multi-aperture receiver array is proposed to reduce the fading induced by pointing error of transmitter. The performance of distributed multi-aperture optically preamplified receiver array is analyzed. Signal combining methods are also studied. When the actual rms pointing error is larger than the optimal designed value in traditional centralized array, the signal fading depth can be reduced greatly by changing the traditional centralized array into distributed array.
Characteristics of fading channel for ground-to-satellite optical uplink is studied based on numerical simulation and beam wander scintillation mechanism. The influence of anisoplanatism error due to point-ahead angle is also analyzed. For multiple-beam uplink, because of the strong spatial correlation of turbulence-induced wave-front tilt, beam wander of sub-beam is strong correlative, the influence of this correlation on the anti-fading performance of multiple-beam uplink is analyzed.
空间激光到单模光纤的耦合是光放大接收空间激光通信的一个关键技术。根据矩阵光学理论，建立了自由空间激光到单模光纤的耦合模型。分析了光纤定位误差、光学系统像差、透镜的材料色散、瞄准误差、大气湍流等多种因素对空间激光到单模光纤耦合的影响。通过模拟湍流波前，研究了湍流引起的耦合功率衰落特性，及自适应光学耦合系统的性能。采用光纤章动跟踪方法，进行了空间激光到单模光纤耦合的实验验证。对采用自动角度跟踪的耦合系统，提出一种采用高斯模板匹配的跟踪算法，可降低强湍流下耦合功率的衰落深度。
分析了采用单模光纤耦合及光放大接收的卫星激光通信系统中，发射机、接收机的瞄准误差对通信系统性能的影响。同时考虑发射机、接收机的瞄准误差，建立了前置光放大接收卫星激光通信系统链路的优化模型，根据该模型可按平均误码率或突发误码率要求对通信系统天线参数进行优化设计，给出了光学天线的最优参数。
研究了星地下行激光通信中的抗衰落技术。对于多孔径接收阵列，引入子接收孔径之间的距离参数，提出对发射机的瞄准误差具有抑制作用的分布式多孔径阵列接收方案。分析了分布式多孔径光放大接收阵列的性能，并对其信号合并方式进行研究。当实际的发射机瞄准误差大于最优设计值时，通过将集中式阵列改为分布式阵列，可以大大降低发射机瞄准误差引起的信号衰落。
采用数值模拟方法及光束漂移闪烁机理，对地面—卫星上行连接的强度闪烁特性进行了研究。分析了湍流波前倾斜校正发射系统中由于超前瞄准引起的非等晕误差的影响。对于多光束发射，由于不同发射孔径处的湍流波前倾斜具有强相关性，因此各子发射光束之间由湍流波前倾斜引起的光束漂移具有强相关性，分析了这种相关性对多光束发射抗衰落性能的影响。
With the development of optical fiber communications, especially the maturity of the optical amplifiers and the WDM technology, space optical communication at 1550 nm becomes a promising solution for future high speed satellite communication. Receiving technology with optical amplifiers and coupling space light into single mode fiber are key technologies in space optical communication at 1550nm. In this dissertation, the technologies of space optical communication systems with optical amplified receivers, including the aspects of coupling space light into single mode fiber, characteristics of fading channel and anti-fading technologies are studied.
Coupling space light into single mode fiber is a key technology in optically preamplified space optical communication systems. Based on matrix optics method, a model for coupling free space light into single mode fiber is established. The influences of fiber assembing misalignments、aberration of optical systems、material dispersion of lens、pointing error and atmospheric turbulence on coupling efficiency are analyzed. Active coupling experiments are also demonstrated by using of fiber nutation tracking techniques. Turbulence-induced fading of coupled optical power is investgated by simulating distorted optical wave-front, and the coupling performance with adaptive optics is alse analyzed. For angle-tracked coupling systems, an gaussian template matching tracking algorithm is proposed to reduce signal fading depth in the situation of strong turbulence.
The influence of pointing error on communication performance is analyzed in fiber coupled and optically preamplified space optical communication systems. Considering the pointing errors of transmitter and receiver, a model for optimizing optically preamplified satellite optical communication systems are established according to average bit error rate or burst error rate, and the optimal antenna parameters are given.
Anti-fading technologies are studied in satellite-to-ground optical downlink. The parameter of distance between sub-apertures is introduced in multi-aperture receiver, and a distributed multi-aperture receiver array is proposed to reduce the fading induced by pointing error of transmitter. The performance of distributed multi-aperture optically preamplified receiver array is analyzed. Signal combining methods are also studied. When the actual rms pointing error is larger than the optimal designed value in traditional centralized array, the signal fading depth can be reduced greatly by changing the traditional centralized array into distributed array.
Characteristics of fading channel for ground-to-satellite optical uplink is studied based on numerical simulation and beam wander scintillation mechanism. The influence of anisoplanatism error due to point-ahead angle is also analyzed. For multiple-beam uplink, because of the strong spatial correlation of turbulence-induced wave-front tilt, beam wander of sub-beam is strong correlative, the influence of this correlation on the anti-fading performance of multiple-beam uplink is analyzed.
引文
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