激光显示中散斑抑制和主观散斑跟踪的研究
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摘要
激光显示具有宽色域、高色饱和度、高对比度、节能等优点,具有广阔的市场前景。但由于光源的高相干性引起的散斑会严重影响图像质量,阻碍了激光显示的实用化,需要寻求解决的方法。本文建立了激光扫描显示系统中散斑产生的模型,研究了主要系统参数对于散斑抑制的影响。对于激光直接投影显示系统,提出了基于光纤振动结合空间偏振调制抑制散斑的方法,研究了光纤振动抑制散斑的效果和空间偏振调制器件参数的选取。激光散斑测量技术具有结构简单、非接触、实时等优点,在鼠标跟踪、表面测量等方面有很广泛的应用,目前关于像面散斑和非高斯散斑的跟踪技术研究还很少,该类方法在弱粗糙表面等一些特殊场合具有很大的优势。本文研究了像面散斑跟踪的参数选择和玻璃表面的像面散斑跟踪,散斑对比度和跟踪范围得到了很大改善。
本论文的研究工作主要有：
1.详细阐述了散斑的基本理论。理论和实验研究了光斑形状、大小和透镜孔径等系统参数对于像面散斑时间相关函数的影响,分析了时间相关函数性质对于动态平均法抑制散斑的作用。
2.分析了激光扫描显示系统中散斑产生的机理,建立了该系统中散斑产生的物理模型,研究了系统主要参数对散斑视觉的影响。研究结果显示：散斑对比度对表面高度标准偏差不太敏感；表面相关长度变小,散斑的对比度下降,由于该种效应造成的平均效应最多可将散斑对比度降为50%左右；散斑对比度随瞳孔孔径变小而减小,基本成正比。不同瞳孔孔径下的人眼观看投影图像,得到的散斑视觉差别不大；不同的距离观察散斑的对比度相差较大,观察距离越远,散斑视觉越不明显；利用在平行于激光束扫描方向压窄激光光斑的方法,能够将散斑的对比度降为原来的1/5左右。实验验证了圆形光斑情形,不同光斑参数的抑制效果。
3.提出了一种基于光纤振动和空间偏振随机调制抑制散斑的激光显示技术。详细阐述了直接投影激光显示系统的工作原理和器件结构,分析了该系统中散斑产生的机理；归纳了现有的散斑抑制方法；提出了一种基于光纤振动和空间偏振随机调制抑制散斑的方法。实验研究了系统参数对于散斑产生的影响,得到了光纤振动散斑抑制的效果,使用单跟光纤振动将散斑的对比度由50%降低到15%左右。计算研究了空间偏振调制对于散斑抑制和图像质量的影响,给出了器件的设计要求。
4.详细阐述了散斑跟踪的原理和相关图像的处理方法。研究了像面散斑跟踪的参数选择对跟踪范围和跟踪精度的影响。针对玻璃表面散斑跟踪,散斑对比度低的缺点,利用成像产生的非高斯散斑有效的提高了散斑的对比度。建立了玻璃表面跟踪系统,将散斑对比度由自由传播情形的0.25提高到1.25；同等条件下的跟踪范围由200μm提高到了400μm。
本论文的创新点主要包括：
1.分析了激光扫描显示系统中散斑形成机理,建立了完善的散斑物理模型,研究了系统主要参数对于散斑抑制的影响,并对结果给出了合理的解释,结论对于系统的设计有很好的指导作用。
2.提出了一种基于光纤振动和空间偏振随机调制抑制散斑的激光显示方式。实验研究了系统参数对于散斑产生的影响,得到了光纤振动散斑抑制的效果。计算研究了空间偏振调制对于散斑抑制和图像质量的影响,给出了器件的设计要求。
3.研究了非高斯散斑的跟踪,解决了玻璃表面跟踪散斑对比度低的难题。建立了玻璃表面跟踪系统。将散斑对比度由自由传播情形的0.25提高到1.25；同等条件下的跟踪范围由200μm提高到了400μm。
Laser display is predicted to have broad market owing to its advantages in wide color gamut, high saturated color, high image contrast and lower energy consumption. But there is a major problem in this system for high coherence of laser beam, which is a phenomena called speckle. Speckle reduces the contrast and resolution of images seriously and hinders the practical use of this system. Some methods should be found to resolve the problem. The model of speckle formation in laser scanning display system has been established, based on which the affect of system parameters on speckle contrast has been analyzed. For the laser projection display, a new apparatus with fiber vibrating combining with spatial polarized modulation has been proposed. It has been researched that the effect of fiber vibrating on speckle reduction and the parameters for the spatial polarized modulation device.
Laser speckle sensing technology has significant advantages in simplicity, non-contract testing, high precision and real-time testing. It is widely used in computer mouse design and material testing. But there is little research employing image speckle and non-Gauss speckle. In this paper, the parameters for tracking with image speckle are researched. The speckle contrast and tracking range are improved for speckle tracking on the glass surface.
The main research works are as following:
1. The statistical properties of speckle are described in detail. The affect of the structure and dimension of laser spot, the diameter of lens on speckle temporal correlation properties is researched by simulation and experiment. It is analyzed that speckle suppression from the average effect of the temporal speckle sequence.
2. The mechanisms for speckle arising in laser scanning display system are analyzed and the model is established, based on which the affect of system parameters on speckle suppression is researched. The results show that: speckle contrast is not sensitive to the standard deviation of surface height and decreases as the correlation length gets smaller, from which the speckle contrast can be reduced to 50%; speckle contrast reduces as the decreasing of the pupil aperture, which is nearly proportional. But there are slight differences of speckle vision for people with different pupil aperture; speckle contrast has great changes as observing distance increases, it gets smaller; speckle contrast is reduced by 1/5, when laser spot is narrowed in scanning direction. For the results with circular laser spot, some experimental results are given.
3. The apparatus and mechanism for laser projection display are described in detail and the reasons for speckle arising in this system are analyzed. The methods for speckle suppression are reviewed. A new laser projection system with speckle reduction employing fiber vibrating and spatial polarized modulation is designed. The affection from system parameters on speckle contrast and image quality is researched. The parameters for spatial polarized modulation device are given from simulation research.
4. The theory for speckle tracking and the method for image processing are described in detail. The affection on tracking precise and range for tracking with image speckle from rough surfaces is researched. For glass surface as a relative smooth surface, with non-Gauss speckle tracking generating by imaging system speckle contrast rises from 0.25 to 1.25 and the tracking range increases from 200μm to 400μm compared with tracking employing free propagation speckle.
Highlights of the dissertation are as follows
1. It is the first time to analyze mechanisms of the speckle arising in the laser scanning display system and to establish the speckle physical model. Based on the model, the affection of system parameters on speckle contrast is researched, proper explanations for the results are given. The results show that speckle vision can be suppressed by choosing suitable optical parameters in laser scanning display system, which can give an instruction to speckle reduction.
2. A new laser projection system with speckle reduction employing fiber vibrating and spatial polarized modulation is designed. The affection from system parameters on speckle contrast and image quality is researched by experimentally and the effect for speckle suppression with fiber vibrating is given. It is the first time to design a spatial polarized modulation device for speckle reduction and the parameters for the device are given by simulation research.
3. It is the first time to track with non-gauss speckle and to conquer the problem of low speckle contrast upon glass surface. With non-Gauss speckle tracking generating by imaging system speckle contrast rises from 0.25 to 1.25 and the tracking range increases from 200μm to 400μm compared with tracking employing free propagation speckle.
本论文的研究工作主要有：
1.详细阐述了散斑的基本理论。理论和实验研究了光斑形状、大小和透镜孔径等系统参数对于像面散斑时间相关函数的影响,分析了时间相关函数性质对于动态平均法抑制散斑的作用。
2.分析了激光扫描显示系统中散斑产生的机理,建立了该系统中散斑产生的物理模型,研究了系统主要参数对散斑视觉的影响。研究结果显示：散斑对比度对表面高度标准偏差不太敏感；表面相关长度变小,散斑的对比度下降,由于该种效应造成的平均效应最多可将散斑对比度降为50%左右；散斑对比度随瞳孔孔径变小而减小,基本成正比。不同瞳孔孔径下的人眼观看投影图像,得到的散斑视觉差别不大；不同的距离观察散斑的对比度相差较大,观察距离越远,散斑视觉越不明显；利用在平行于激光束扫描方向压窄激光光斑的方法,能够将散斑的对比度降为原来的1/5左右。实验验证了圆形光斑情形,不同光斑参数的抑制效果。
3.提出了一种基于光纤振动和空间偏振随机调制抑制散斑的激光显示技术。详细阐述了直接投影激光显示系统的工作原理和器件结构,分析了该系统中散斑产生的机理；归纳了现有的散斑抑制方法；提出了一种基于光纤振动和空间偏振随机调制抑制散斑的方法。实验研究了系统参数对于散斑产生的影响,得到了光纤振动散斑抑制的效果,使用单跟光纤振动将散斑的对比度由50%降低到15%左右。计算研究了空间偏振调制对于散斑抑制和图像质量的影响,给出了器件的设计要求。
4.详细阐述了散斑跟踪的原理和相关图像的处理方法。研究了像面散斑跟踪的参数选择对跟踪范围和跟踪精度的影响。针对玻璃表面散斑跟踪,散斑对比度低的缺点,利用成像产生的非高斯散斑有效的提高了散斑的对比度。建立了玻璃表面跟踪系统,将散斑对比度由自由传播情形的0.25提高到1.25；同等条件下的跟踪范围由200μm提高到了400μm。
本论文的创新点主要包括：
1.分析了激光扫描显示系统中散斑形成机理,建立了完善的散斑物理模型,研究了系统主要参数对于散斑抑制的影响,并对结果给出了合理的解释,结论对于系统的设计有很好的指导作用。
2.提出了一种基于光纤振动和空间偏振随机调制抑制散斑的激光显示方式。实验研究了系统参数对于散斑产生的影响,得到了光纤振动散斑抑制的效果。计算研究了空间偏振调制对于散斑抑制和图像质量的影响,给出了器件的设计要求。
3.研究了非高斯散斑的跟踪,解决了玻璃表面跟踪散斑对比度低的难题。建立了玻璃表面跟踪系统。将散斑对比度由自由传播情形的0.25提高到1.25；同等条件下的跟踪范围由200μm提高到了400μm。
Laser display is predicted to have broad market owing to its advantages in wide color gamut, high saturated color, high image contrast and lower energy consumption. But there is a major problem in this system for high coherence of laser beam, which is a phenomena called speckle. Speckle reduces the contrast and resolution of images seriously and hinders the practical use of this system. Some methods should be found to resolve the problem. The model of speckle formation in laser scanning display system has been established, based on which the affect of system parameters on speckle contrast has been analyzed. For the laser projection display, a new apparatus with fiber vibrating combining with spatial polarized modulation has been proposed. It has been researched that the effect of fiber vibrating on speckle reduction and the parameters for the spatial polarized modulation device.
Laser speckle sensing technology has significant advantages in simplicity, non-contract testing, high precision and real-time testing. It is widely used in computer mouse design and material testing. But there is little research employing image speckle and non-Gauss speckle. In this paper, the parameters for tracking with image speckle are researched. The speckle contrast and tracking range are improved for speckle tracking on the glass surface.
The main research works are as following:
1. The statistical properties of speckle are described in detail. The affect of the structure and dimension of laser spot, the diameter of lens on speckle temporal correlation properties is researched by simulation and experiment. It is analyzed that speckle suppression from the average effect of the temporal speckle sequence.
2. The mechanisms for speckle arising in laser scanning display system are analyzed and the model is established, based on which the affect of system parameters on speckle suppression is researched. The results show that: speckle contrast is not sensitive to the standard deviation of surface height and decreases as the correlation length gets smaller, from which the speckle contrast can be reduced to 50%; speckle contrast reduces as the decreasing of the pupil aperture, which is nearly proportional. But there are slight differences of speckle vision for people with different pupil aperture; speckle contrast has great changes as observing distance increases, it gets smaller; speckle contrast is reduced by 1/5, when laser spot is narrowed in scanning direction. For the results with circular laser spot, some experimental results are given.
3. The apparatus and mechanism for laser projection display are described in detail and the reasons for speckle arising in this system are analyzed. The methods for speckle suppression are reviewed. A new laser projection system with speckle reduction employing fiber vibrating and spatial polarized modulation is designed. The affection from system parameters on speckle contrast and image quality is researched. The parameters for spatial polarized modulation device are given from simulation research.
4. The theory for speckle tracking and the method for image processing are described in detail. The affection on tracking precise and range for tracking with image speckle from rough surfaces is researched. For glass surface as a relative smooth surface, with non-Gauss speckle tracking generating by imaging system speckle contrast rises from 0.25 to 1.25 and the tracking range increases from 200μm to 400μm compared with tracking employing free propagation speckle.
Highlights of the dissertation are as follows
1. It is the first time to analyze mechanisms of the speckle arising in the laser scanning display system and to establish the speckle physical model. Based on the model, the affection of system parameters on speckle contrast is researched, proper explanations for the results are given. The results show that speckle vision can be suppressed by choosing suitable optical parameters in laser scanning display system, which can give an instruction to speckle reduction.
2. A new laser projection system with speckle reduction employing fiber vibrating and spatial polarized modulation is designed. The affection from system parameters on speckle contrast and image quality is researched by experimentally and the effect for speckle suppression with fiber vibrating is given. It is the first time to design a spatial polarized modulation device for speckle reduction and the parameters for the device are given by simulation research.
3. It is the first time to track with non-gauss speckle and to conquer the problem of low speckle contrast upon glass surface. With non-Gauss speckle tracking generating by imaging system speckle contrast rises from 0.25 to 1.25 and the tracking range increases from 200μm to 400μm compared with tracking employing free propagation speckle.
引文
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