激光制备原位生长WB-CrB颗粒增强镍基复合涂层
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摘要
激光熔覆原位生长陶瓷增强金属涂层是在激光照射下,通过元素与化合物之间或元素之间的原位反应,在涂层中原位生成一种或几种高弹性模量、高强度的陶瓷增强相,将金属的高韧性和陶瓷的耐蚀、耐磨、高硬等特性有机结合,从而达到强化基体的效果,大大提高材料的表面性能。激光熔覆原位自生陶瓷增强金属涂层原位形核、增强相颗粒细小且弥散分布、组织细化,与基体相容性好,界面结合力强,表面无污染,其硬度、耐磨性等均显著提高。
硼化物具有极高的熔点和硬度,且硼化物具有硼原子间相互间牢固结合的特性,从而使其在高温及各种腐蚀性的环境中有较高的化学稳定性和独特的耐磨性,作为切削工具、耐磨耐腐蚀热机部件,在工程机械工业、医药、化工、轻工、纺织、消防、建材、农业、军工国防等部门得到广泛应用。
本文采用激光熔覆原位生长技术制备了硼化物颗粒增强镍基涂层,对其制备工艺、组织、硬度和耐磨性等进行了系统研究,结果和主要结论如下：
(1)在45#钢表面激光熔覆Ni60+(WO3+B2O3+C)混合粉末,首次成功制备出形貌良好、性能改善、原位生长WB-CrB颗粒增强的镍基复合涂层；最佳制备工艺为：(WO3+B2O3+C)含量16 wt.%,激光功率1.8 kW,离焦量50 mm,扫描速度2 mm/s；
(2) Ni60+16 wt.%(WO3+B2O3+C)熔覆层组织为：原位生成的WB-CrB颗粒和Cr3C2条状相均匀分布于γ(NiFe)树枝晶基体中；
(3)原位生长WB-CrB颗粒增强镍基复合涂层平均硬度HV0.31350,与纯Ni60熔覆层(平均硬度HV0.3800)相比,提高68.7%。摩擦试验表明,其耐磨性比纯Ni60涂层提高7倍。原位生长WB-CrB陶瓷颗粒增强相及其均匀分布是熔覆层硬度和耐磨性得以大大提高的关键因素。
In situ synthesised ceramic coating by laser irradiation through in situ reaction among the elements and compounds has one or several high elastic modulus, high strength ceramic reinforcement, thus to strengthen the matrix and greatly improve the surface properties of materials by combining the high toughness of metal with the ceramics properties such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high hardness.In situ laser cladding ceramic coating is characterized by in situ nucleation, small and dispersed enhancing particulates and structure refinement, which has a good compatibility with matrix, strong bonding, surface pollution, and whose hardness, wear resistance and so on are significantly increased.
Boride ceramics has high melting point and hardness, whose boron atoms combine with each other firm characteristics, making it at a high temperature and corrosive environment has high chemical stability and unique wear resistance. Due to its excellent performance, boride ceramics has already applied to most of the surface engineering of metallic materials, such as cutting tools, wear resistant heat engine components, widely used in construction machinery, and has also been widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, light industry, textile, fire, building materials, agricultural, military and national defense sector.
In this paper, laser cladding boride was prepared in situ ceramic particle reinforced nickel based coatings, and its preparation, structure, hardness and wear resistance were systematically studied. Results and main conclusions are as follows:
(1) In situ WB-CrB particle reinforced nickel matrix composite coatings with good morphology and improving performance were firstly successfully prepared on 45 steel by employing a proper amount of Ni60+(WO3+B2O3+C) doping using laser cladding. The optimum preparation techniques are 16wt.% content of (WO3+ B2O3+C)-doping,50mm defocusing length,1.8 kW laser power and 2 mm/s scanning velocity.
(2) The microstructure of the Ni60+16wt.%(WO3+B2O3+C) coating is mainly composed of in-situ synthesized WB-CrB particulate phases and the Cr3C2 stripe phase uniformly dispersed in the y(NiFe) dendrite matrix.
(3) The average hardness of the WB-CrB particulate reinforced composite coating was enhanced to HV0.31350, which is 68.7 percent higher than that of pure Ni60 coatings (HV0.3800). Friction tests showed that its excellent wear resistance is 7 times as high as that of pure Ni60 coatings. The improvement in hardness and wear resistance is due to the presence of a great deal of in-situ synthesized WB-CrB particles and their well distribution in the composite coatings.
硼化物具有极高的熔点和硬度,且硼化物具有硼原子间相互间牢固结合的特性,从而使其在高温及各种腐蚀性的环境中有较高的化学稳定性和独特的耐磨性,作为切削工具、耐磨耐腐蚀热机部件,在工程机械工业、医药、化工、轻工、纺织、消防、建材、农业、军工国防等部门得到广泛应用。
本文采用激光熔覆原位生长技术制备了硼化物颗粒增强镍基涂层,对其制备工艺、组织、硬度和耐磨性等进行了系统研究,结果和主要结论如下：
(1)在45#钢表面激光熔覆Ni60+(WO3+B2O3+C)混合粉末,首次成功制备出形貌良好、性能改善、原位生长WB-CrB颗粒增强的镍基复合涂层；最佳制备工艺为：(WO3+B2O3+C)含量16 wt.%,激光功率1.8 kW,离焦量50 mm,扫描速度2 mm/s；
(2) Ni60+16 wt.%(WO3+B2O3+C)熔覆层组织为：原位生成的WB-CrB颗粒和Cr3C2条状相均匀分布于γ(NiFe)树枝晶基体中；
(3)原位生长WB-CrB颗粒增强镍基复合涂层平均硬度HV0.31350,与纯Ni60熔覆层(平均硬度HV0.3800)相比,提高68.7%。摩擦试验表明,其耐磨性比纯Ni60涂层提高7倍。原位生长WB-CrB陶瓷颗粒增强相及其均匀分布是熔覆层硬度和耐磨性得以大大提高的关键因素。
In situ synthesised ceramic coating by laser irradiation through in situ reaction among the elements and compounds has one or several high elastic modulus, high strength ceramic reinforcement, thus to strengthen the matrix and greatly improve the surface properties of materials by combining the high toughness of metal with the ceramics properties such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high hardness.In situ laser cladding ceramic coating is characterized by in situ nucleation, small and dispersed enhancing particulates and structure refinement, which has a good compatibility with matrix, strong bonding, surface pollution, and whose hardness, wear resistance and so on are significantly increased.
Boride ceramics has high melting point and hardness, whose boron atoms combine with each other firm characteristics, making it at a high temperature and corrosive environment has high chemical stability and unique wear resistance. Due to its excellent performance, boride ceramics has already applied to most of the surface engineering of metallic materials, such as cutting tools, wear resistant heat engine components, widely used in construction machinery, and has also been widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, light industry, textile, fire, building materials, agricultural, military and national defense sector.
In this paper, laser cladding boride was prepared in situ ceramic particle reinforced nickel based coatings, and its preparation, structure, hardness and wear resistance were systematically studied. Results and main conclusions are as follows:
(1) In situ WB-CrB particle reinforced nickel matrix composite coatings with good morphology and improving performance were firstly successfully prepared on 45 steel by employing a proper amount of Ni60+(WO3+B2O3+C) doping using laser cladding. The optimum preparation techniques are 16wt.% content of (WO3+ B2O3+C)-doping,50mm defocusing length,1.8 kW laser power and 2 mm/s scanning velocity.
(2) The microstructure of the Ni60+16wt.%(WO3+B2O3+C) coating is mainly composed of in-situ synthesized WB-CrB particulate phases and the Cr3C2 stripe phase uniformly dispersed in the y(NiFe) dendrite matrix.
(3) The average hardness of the WB-CrB particulate reinforced composite coating was enhanced to HV0.31350, which is 68.7 percent higher than that of pure Ni60 coatings (HV0.3800). Friction tests showed that its excellent wear resistance is 7 times as high as that of pure Ni60 coatings. The improvement in hardness and wear resistance is due to the presence of a great deal of in-situ synthesized WB-CrB particles and their well distribution in the composite coatings.
引文
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